---
title: "Yídū yíhóng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yidu-yihong-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yídū yíhóng chá (宜都宜红茶)

**Idu Yihong Cha** (*Yídū yíhóng chá*, 宜都宜红茶) — itiye elibomvu lasesifundeni sedolobha i-Idu (宜都市) esifundeni sedolobha i-Yichang esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Lena ingxenye yesifunda ye-yihong — itiye elibomvu lakudala lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lase-Yichang. Igama livikelwe kusukela ngo-2014 njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, lingenye kumagama ayikhulu okuqala esiShayina esivumelwaneni seShayina ne-European Union, kanti ngo-2025 i-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) yalivuma njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo futhi yashicilela izidingo ezinemininingwane ngalo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), eli-oxidized ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibekwe yigama nangobuchwepheshe ezidingweni zika-2025.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lesifunda se-yihong; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), isifunda sedolobha i-Yichang (宜昌, *Yíchāng*), isifunda sedolobha i-Idu (宜都, *Yídū*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Isifunda sonke sedolobha i-Idu: amadolobhana i-Honghuatao, i-Gaobazhou, i-Yaojiadian, i-Wuyanquan, i-Niejiahe, i-Songmuping ne-Zhicheng, i-Panjiawan-Tujia Township (潘家湾土家族乡), i-Wangjiafan Township kanye nekomidi lomgwaqo i-Lucheng. Ispecification yerejista yaseYurophu ibiza izindawo eziyinhloko i-Panjiawan, i-Wangjiafan ne-Songmuping futhi ithi ubukhulu bendawo — 1357 km².
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 — 111°05′47″–111°36′02″ empumalanga, 30°05′55″–30°36′00″ enyakatho. Kuspecification ye-European Union umngcele oseningizimu uhlukile — 30°20′55″ enyakatho; umehluko angikawuxazululi.
* **Amagama angomakhelwane:** I-Idu ingena endaweni yegama lesifunda «宜昌宜红» futhi ilele ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwayo (111°05′–111°36′ empumalanga ngokumelene no-110°15′–112°04′), ngakho izinto ezifanayo zingaphuma ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwamagama womabili. Esifundeni esifanayo kukhona ne-yihong yesithathu — 五峰宜红茶 yesifunda sase-Wufeng.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Udumo lwesifunda.** Ispecification ye-European Union ikhumbuza ukuthi u-Lu Yu (陆羽) ku-«The Classic of Tea» (《茶经》) wabeka itiye lase-Xiazhou (峡州) — i-Yichang yanamuhla — endaweni yokuqala e-Shannan. Lokhu kungudumo lwesifunda setiye, hhayi itiye elibomvu: ngaleso sikhathi lalingakenziwa.
    * **Maphakathi nekhulu le-19.** Ngokwespecification efanayo, ngokubhekisela kungobo yomlando yase-Idu kanye nomlando womkhakha wezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka nokuthengisa zase-Hubei, itiye elibomvu e-Idu laqala ukwenziwa maphakathi nekhulu le-19 futhi lathunyelwa eYurophu.
    * **Ekupheleni kwe-Qing nangemva kuka-1949.** Ihhovisi laseShayina e-European Union libhala ukuthi ekupheleni kwe-Qing i-yihong yayingelinye lamatiye abomvu adumile okuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezweni, futhi ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-PRC amashumi eminyaka lahlala kwelamathathu aphezulu e-gongfu hongcha yaseShayina yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngomthamo nangekhwalithi.
    * **2014.** NgoMeyi 22 uMnyango Wezolimo wavikela «宜都宜红茶» njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (inombolo AGI01410); umnikazi — inhlangano ye-yihong yesifunda sedolobha i-Idu (宜都市宜红茶协会).
    * **Isivumelwano ne-European Union.** «宜都宜红茶» imi kunombolo 87 kusithasiselo III sesivumelwano seShayina ne-European Union sokuvikelwa kwezimpawu zendawo — phakathi kwamagama avikelwe kusukela ngosuku lokusebenza kwaso. Ukuhunyushwa kwenkomba — «Yidu Black Tea»; kurejista yaseYurophu lokhu kuwuphawu lwendawo oluvikelwe olunedosi PGI-CN-2748.
    * **2025.** Ngokumenyezelwa kwe-CNIPA No. 640 kaJulayi 16 igama lavunywa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (umugqa 765 wepakethe lemikhiqizo eyi-1409). Umfakisicelo — yileyo nhlangano efanayo yesifunda.
* **Igama:** «Idu» (宜都) — igama lesifunda sedolobha; «yihong» (宜红) — igama letiye elibomvu lesifunda setiye esidala: izidingo zika-2025 zikhuluma nge-«sifunda setiye le-yihong» (宜红茶区). Igama lesibili, «[宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)茶», ihhovisi lase-European Union lichaza ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kubala izinyathelo ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwespecification, e-Idu kwasungulwa uchungechunge oluphelele lwe-yihong — kusukela ezithombeni kuya ekuthengisweni nasekucwaningeni.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Izidingo zika-2025 zibiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko 宜红早 (*Yíhóng zǎo*), 鄂茶7号 (*Èchá qī hào*), [乌牛早](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuniu-zao) (*Wūniú zǎo*) kanye ne-福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*); ziphelezelwa izingadi ezindala zezinhlobo zasendaweni zesifunda se-yihong (本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)).
* **Iqabunga elisha:** Ngokwespecification ye-European Union — luhlaza okotshani okuphuzi, licijile, linoboya obusesilinganisweni, lihlala lithambile isikhathi eside.
* **Indinganiso yokukha:** Ezinhlotsheni eziphezulu (名优茶, *míngyōuchá*) — ihlumela elilodwa kuphela, ihlumela elineqabunga lokuqala elivulekayo noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa. Etiyeni eliningi (大宗茶, *dàzōngchá*) — ikakhulukazi ihlumela elinamacembe amabili, okuhambisana nakho ihlumela elinamacembe amathathu kanye namacembe «abhangqiwe» alingana ngokuthamba (对夹叶).
* **Imithetho yokukha:** Kha izikhathi eziningana, ushiya ingxenye yamacembe; amahlumela aqinile, aphezulu naphakathi nendawo athathwe, abuthakathaka, aphansi nasemaceleni ashiywe.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Intshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Ngokwespecification, i-Idu ingakwempumalanga ne-Zhijiang, eningizimu ne-Songzi, entshonalanga nesifunda sase-Wufeng, enyakatho nesifunda sase-Changyang.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwespecification — isimo sezulu esimanzi se-subtropical esimaphakathi, esinezinkathi ezine ezicacile, izihlambi ezivamile kanye nenkungu eminyene ezigodini zezintaba; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-16,7 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngu-1235,4 mm ngonyaka.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezidingo zika-2025 — ikakhulukazi inhlabathi ephuzi emadwaleni ayizicucu kanye nenhlabathi ephuzi ene-carbonate, evunduvundu futhi engenisa umoya kahle; pH 4,0–6,5, izinto eziphilayo zingaphezu kuka-1,5 %, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajule kunom-1 m. Ispecification ye-European Union inika lezi zinhlobo ezimbili amaphesenti angu-90 endawo yenhlabathi futhi inika pH ngokuvamile engu-5,0–5,5.
* **Ukuphakama:** Ayikho idatha etholakalayo emithonjeni etholiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zichaza ubuchwepheshe baleli tiye ngqo.

1.  **Ukucubungula kokuqala:** ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), i-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*) kanye nokomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).
2.  **Ukuqeda:** ukwamukela itiye eliluhlaza (毛茶, *máochá*), ukuhlukanisa ngamabanga, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhluza, ukusika, ukuphephetha, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuhlanganisa kabusha, ukomisa kabusha (复火, *fùhuǒ*), ukulinganisa iqoqo kanye nokupakisha.

Imingcele — izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, umswakama wamaqabunga — umqulu awunikeli.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha Ngomlomo:**

Izidingo zika-2025 zichaza amazinga amabili etiye — izinhlobo eziphezulu kanye netiye eliningi.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Izinhlobo eziphezulu — imisongo emincane eminyene elinganayo, emnyama enokucwebezela okunamafutha, enemichilo esagolide ebonakalayo (条索紧细且匀齐，乌黑油润显金毫). Itiye eliningi — imisongo eminyene elinganayo, emnyama enokucwebezela.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Iphunga lomhluzo:** Izinhlobo eziphezulu — eliminyene nelihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓郁持久), itiye eliningi — lihlanzekile. Ihhovisi lase-European Union libiza iphunga ngokuthi limnene futhi limnandi (香气嫩甜).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Izinhlobo eziphezulu — kusha futhi kuthambile (滋味鲜醇), okuningi — kuthambile futhi kulinganayo. Ehhovisi — kumnandi futhi kuthambile (滋味甜醇).
* **Umbala womhluzo:** Izinhlobo eziphezulu — ubomvu futhi ukhanya (汤色红亮), okuningi — ubomvu futhi kusobala. Ehhovisi — ubomvu ngokugqamile (汤色红艳).
* **Iqabunga elitheliwe:** Izinhlobo eziphezulu — lithambile, lilinganayo, libomvu ngokukhanyayo (叶底嫩匀红明); okuningi — libomvu ngokulinganayo.

Umhluzo opholayo, ngokwezincazelo zehhovisi nespecification ye-European Union, ukhiqiza «ukufiphala okubandayo» (冷后浑, *lěng hòu hún*).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izindinganiso ze-physicochemical emiqulwini emibili zihlukile:

| Inkomba | Izidingo ze-CNIPA, 2025 | Ispecification ye-European Union |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ama-polyphenols etiye | okungenani 11 % | okungenani 10 % |
| Umswakama | okungaphezu kuka-6,0 % | okungaphezu kuka-7 % |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | okungenani 30,0 % | okungenani 30 % |
| Ama-amino acid (isamba) | okungenani 1,7 % | asikho isilinganiso |

Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo elithile.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
* **Inqubo:** Shisisa isitsha, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-30–60, okulandelayo — ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane; ukuphisa okuhlanu kuya kwayisithupha.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Epakishini eliminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhohliso:**

Ayikho idatha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholiwe.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhohliso:**
    * Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo: ilungelo lalo nikezwa umkhiqizi wasendaweni yi-CNIPA ngemva kokuhlolwa yi-Hubei Intellectual Property Administration.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sedolobha i-Idu.
    * Ungahlanganisi ne-yihong yesifunda sase-Yichang kanye ne-五峰宜红茶: lawa ngamagama ahlukene. Indawo yase-Idu ilele ngaphakathi kwendawo yesifunda ye-宜昌宜红, futhi ayihlangani nesifunda sase-Wufeng.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izindinganiso ezidingweni zika-2025 ziqinile kunespecification ye-European Union, esekelwe ekuvikelweni kuka-2014: umswakama — okungaphezu kuka-6 % ngokumelene no-7 %, ama-polyphenols — okungenani 11 % ngokumelene no-10 %, futhi kwengezwe isilinganiso sama-amino acid.
* I-laboratory yokuhlola itiye ngaphansi kophawu ikhethwa yi-Hubei Intellectual Property Administration.
* Izindawo ze-yihong yesifunda nesifunda zifakwe enye kwenye: iqabunga elilodwa lingaba namagama amabili asemthethweni.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:**

* **Yihong Gong Fu (宜红工夫):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lesifunda sase-Yichang nase-Enshi; i-Idu ingxenye yaso yesifunda enokuvikelwa kwayo.
* **Wufeng Hongcha ([五峰红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wufeng-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Wufeng esifundeni esifanayo; igama laso lesibili elivikelwe — 五峰宜红茶, i-yihong yesifunda.
* **Shimen Hongcha ([石门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shimen-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lengxenye yase-Hunan yesifunda esidala se-yihong.
* **Lichuan Hong ([利川红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lichuan-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu le-Enshi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture, entshonalanga ne-Yichang.
* **Keemun Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lase-Anhui — ukuze kuqhathaniswe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

Idu Yihong Cha — i-yihong yesifunda enokugcwala kwemiqulu okungajwayelekile ezimpawini zendawo: uhlu lwamadolobhana nezixhumanisi, izinhlobo, imithetho yokukha, ukucubungula kokuqala nokuqeda, ukubukeka kwamazinga amabili kanye nezindinganiso ze-physicochemical. Izinhlobo eziphezulu — imisongo emincane emnyama enemichilo esagolide, umhluzo obomvu ogqamile kanye neqabunga elibomvu ngokukhanyayo.