---
title: "Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yidu-tianran-fuxin-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá (宜都天然富锌茶)

**Idu Tianran Fuxin Cha** (*Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá*, 宜都天然富锌茶) «itiye lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc» lase-Idu: itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga lezintaba lasedolobheni i-Idu (宜都市) esifundeni sase-Yichang, esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Isifunda esiyinhloko yi-Panjiawan-Tujia Township (潘家湾土家族乡). Igama lisekelwe uphawu olulodwa: ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe, i-zinc emhlabathini wale township iphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso sesifundazwe, kanti etiyeni iphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso saseChina. Kusukela ngo-2007 igama livikelwe uphawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*) ngokwezincazelo zezincwadi. Kurejista yezimpawu umkhiqizo uvezwa nje ngokuthi «茶».
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lezempilo, lakhiwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990; uphawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo (2007). Igama lesibili «高锌茶», «itiye eline-zinc ephezulu».
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), isifunda sase-Yichang (宜昌, *Yíchāng*), idolobha lase-Idu (宜都, *Yídū*), i-Panjiawan Township; incwadi ibiza ne-Wangjiafan Township (王家畈乡).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Iminqamulajuqu yemithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele; irejista ikhombisa kuphela ubunikazi bomnikazi, i-Idu.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Cishe u-30° N no-111° E; ngokombiko womhlangano wabameleli besifunda (2022), i-30th parallel idlula kule township.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1990–1993.** Izincwadi zibiza leli tiye njengohlobo olusha lwezempilo, olwakhiwa ochwepheshe base-Idu ngaphansi kobuholi bukaprofesa we-Zhejiang Agricultural University u-Zhang Tangheng (张堂恒). Amakomidi esayensi nobuchwepheshe e-Idu, e-Yichang nase-Hubei alibona njengomkhiqizo omusha wesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokwencazelo yencwadi, ngoNovemba 1992 ochwepheshe abayishumi nanye betiye nokudla baphetha ngokuthi itiye elinjalo laziswa okokuqala ezweni.
    * **1994.** Isimo somkhiqizo omusha ezingeni likahulumeni kanye nephrojekthi eyisibonelo yohlelo lukahulumeni. Ku-«Hubei Ribao» ibhalwe njenge-«星人计划», cishe iphutha lokubhala esikhundleni se-«星火计划», uhlelo lwe-«Spark».
    * **1997.** Isicoco sophawu lwendawo oludumile lwase-Hubei embukisweni wesithathu wezolimo waseChina; isampula lalethwa e-China Tea Museum. Incwadi efanayo ikhuluma nge-«Golden Cup» yase-Hubei yokwaneliseka kwabathengi, igolide lomncintiswano we-«Lu Yu» kanye nohlu lweshumi lwamatiye adumile esifundeni sase-Three Gorges.
    * **2007.** NgoSepthemba 14 igama labhaliswa njengophawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo. Umnikazi yi-association yetiye elihlanzekile lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc lase-Panjiawan Township (宜都市潘家湾土家族乡无公害天然富锌茶叶协会).
    * **2013.** Ngokombiko wango-2015 ngemikhiqizo yase-Idu, inani lomkhiqizo ngo-2013 lalinganiselwa ku-339 million yuan.
    * **2023.** NgoJulayi i-township yahlanganisa abameleli bezinkampani zetiye ukudingida ukuvuselelwa kwenhlangano yetiye yase-Panjiawan nokuvikelwa komkhiqizo: ngokwezwi lomphathi we-township, amakhophirethivu anezimpawu zawo eziningi, uphawu olujwayelekile «alubuthwanga ndawonye».
* **Igama:** 宜都 Idu; 天然 «okwemvelo»; 富锌 «okucebile nge-zinc»; 茶 itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Panjiawan ingelinye lama-township esizwe ayishumi nambili ase-Hubei futhi okuwukuphela kwawo esifundeni sase-Yichang. Umhlangano wesifunda ubalula phakathi kwamasiko endawo ukwenziwa kwetiye ngesandla, «umkhosi wamadodakazi ezwe letiye» (茶乡女儿会) kanye nemincintiswano yetiye.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Akubaluliwe emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Ngokwesiko, ukuvuna kune ezine ngonyaka: entwasahlobo, «ehlobo lokuqala» (夏头茶), itiye lesikhathi esishisayo (伏茶) kanye nasekwindla, kuze kube ngu-Oktoba. Ngo-2023 i-township yayishintshela ekuvuneni kathathu: ngaphandle kwasekwindla, «ukuvalwa» kwezingadi ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ukuze izihlahla ziphumule ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.
* **Izinga lokuvuna kanye nezidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Intshonalanga yezintaba yase-Idu; i-township (147,5 km²) inomngcele nezifunda zase-Wufeng ne-Changyang.
* **Indawo:** I-karst, amagquma nemifantu. Izingadi zisakazeke ngeziza ezincane phakathi kwehlathi, ukukhanya kuhlakazekile; abezindaba babhala ngemvelo ye-«hlathi-itiye». Idolobhana lase-Lüjiaao (吕家坳村) liphakathi kwehlathi lamatshe le-Ordovician.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ikakhulukazi **500–800 m** («Hubei Ribao»).
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon, enemvula; izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka liyi-16,3 °C, umehluko wokushisa nobusuku nemini mkhulu.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezwi le-agronomist yesifunda, iyavuleka, ikakhulukazi i-acidic, icebile nge-organic matter namaminerali. I-zinc, ngokwemithombo «yemiphakathi enegunya» njengoba iculwa abezindaba, ingu-98,3–119 ppm, okuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso sesifundazwe; incwadi igqamisa «ibhande le-zinc» elingaba ngu-70 000 *mu*.
* **Ubungako bezingadi:** Incwadi ikhuluma ngo-33 500 *mu* wezingadi zetiye lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc e-Idu, ezifundeni zase-Panjiawan, e-Wangjiafan nakwezinye. Lonke itiye lase-Panjiawan Township lingu-33 000 *mu* ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao» (2023) kanye nangaphezulu kuka-30 000 ngokomhlangano wesifunda (2022). Edolobhaneni lase-Lüjiaao kusukela ezingaphezulu kuka-4000 kuya ku-4650 *mu*.
* **Ukunakekela:** Ezingadini eziyisibonelo, ukususa ukhula ngesandla esikhundleni se-herbicide, izicupho ezinkantjisiwe kanye nezibani zelanga esikhundleni se-insecticide, i-organic matter esikhundleni sikamanyolo wamaminerali.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ayikho incazelo yokucubungula emithonjeni etholakele. Incwadi ibala uchungechunge: «izinaliti zesiliva ze-zinc» (富锌银针), «i-zinc yunwu» (富锌云雾), «i-zinc enhanced green» (富锌优绿), itiye lezimbali le-zinc kanye netiye ne-ginkgo; ubuchwepheshe balulunye aluchazwanga.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye:

1.  **Ukuvuthwa kweqabunga (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
2.  **Ukulungiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusongwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomiswa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Incazelo eyodwa kuphela etholakele, imininingwane emfushane ngomkhiqizo wase-Idu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Amacembe etiye aqinile, amahle, alinganayo anoboya obubonakalayo; aluhlaza okotshani, anokucwebezela okunamafutha (条索紧秀匀整显毫，色泽翠绿油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
* **Iphunga lokumpontshelwa:** Kujulile futhi kuqhubekayo (香气浓郁持久); imininingwane ayicacisi ukuthi iqabunga noma ukumpontshelwa.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okunamandla, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味鲜爽回甘).
* **Umbala wokumpontshelwa:** Uluhlaza ophaphathekile, okhanyayo.
* **Izindonga zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Uluhlaza ophaphathekile, okhanyayo (汤色、叶底嫩绿明亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao» (2023), etiyeni lase-Panjiawan kune-80 mg/kg ye-zinc uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseChina esingu-40,6 mg/kg; incwadi yengeza izilinganiso zase-Japan (34,6) nase-Sri Lanka (35). Ingosi yesifunda kamuva yabika u-60 mg/kg; akukwazanga ukuphinde kuhlolwe lelo khasi. Imithombo ayizibizi izindlela, iminyaka kanye namasampula, lezi ziyizinombolo ezibikiwe. Umkhawulo we-zinc wetiye ngaphansi kophawu awutholakali emibhalweni etholakele, futhi ayikho eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. Imibhalo yokukhangisa ibiza i-zinc ngokuthi «inhlansi yempilo», kodwa lokhu kungamazwi mayelana ne-microelement, hhayi ucwaningo ngaleli tiye.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Ubuningi betiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Impahla:** Ingilazi ebonakalayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza impahla.
    2. Faka itiye, thela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukumpontshelwa kokuqala, imizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokumpontshelwa.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, isiqandisi ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo zokudayisa emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema umgunyathi:**
    * Bheka igama elibhalisiwe: ngokohlu lwehhovisi lesifundazwe lempahla yengqondo (Meyi 2020) lolu uphawu lweqoqo # 4686327, isigaba 30, umnikazi yi-Panjiawan association, isikhathi kusukela ngo-Septhemba 14, 2017 kuya ku-Septhemba 13, 2027.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowasentshonalanga ye-Idu.
    * I-zinc ayinakunambitheka, kuphela iphrothokholi yaselabhorethri.
    * Umhlangano wesifunda wakhumbula ukuthi ukweqisa kwezinsalela ze-pesticide noshukela owenezelwa ekucubunguleni kwesinye isikhathi kwacishe kwalahlekisela itiye lendawo imakethe: ubumnandi «obunezithasiselo» buyisizathu sokuqaphela.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Idolobhana lase-Lüjiaao libizwa njengendawo eyinhloko yetiye le-zinc kanye nendawo yokuzalwa kwe-Idu Yihong ebomvu.
* Irejista ka-2020 ibala uphawu njengolweqoqo, kanti i-«Hubei Ribao» ngo-2023 ibiza uphawu lokuqinisekisa; irejista lapha ingumthombo oyinhloko.
* Akulona itiye lakudala, kodwa liwumkhiqizo wase-1990s ekuqaleni.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **Idu Yihong Cha ([宜都宜红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yidu-yihong-cha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo, elinendawo yedolobhana elifanayo.
* **Hongshan Cha ([洪山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hongshan-cha)):** Omunye umkhiqizo wetiye wase-Idu, oqinisekisiwe, oxhumene nedolobhana lase-Songmuping.
* **Caihua Maojian ([采花毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/caihua-mao-jian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Wufeng.
* **Enshi Xicha ([恩施硒茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/enshi-xicha)):** Igama lase-Hubei elakhelwe kwesinye isici senhlabathi, i-selenium.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Idu Tianran Fuxin Cha itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lase-Panjiawan lama-Tujia, iphrojekthi yasekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990 ngaphansi kophawu lweqoqo kusukela ngo-2007. Umehluko walo uncike enombolweni eyodwa kuphela, i-zinc, esabikwa ngaphandle kwendlela. Okuthembekile kakhulu ngaye yirejista, izingadi zamahlathi ku-500–800 m kanye nencazelo emfushane: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elinoboya nokunambitheka okusha nobumnandi obubuyayo.