---
title: "Yāshān ruìcǎokuí"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yashan-ruicaokui
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yāshān ruìcǎokuí (鸦山瑞草魁)

**Yāshān Ruìcǎokuí** (*Yāshān ruìcǎokuí*, 鸦山瑞草魁) yitiye lasendulo laseLangxi County (郎溪县) esifundeni saseXuancheng eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama liyindumiso, lisuka embhalweni wezincwadi: 瑞草 kusho "utshani obuhle", igama elidala letiye, 魁 kusho "owokuqala"; 鸦山 yintaba iCrow Mountain esigodini saseYaocun. Elinye igama lithi «横纹», "imithambo enqamulayo", ngenxa yemithambo yeqabunga lohlobo lwendawo. Itiye labuyiselwa ngo-1985–1986, kusukela ngo-2025 selingumkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Isigaba sibekwe ngokombhalo wokuvikela weNational Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA): ukubola, ukumiswa, ukuqondiswa nokubunjwa nokomiswa (摊青、杀青、理条做形、烘焙), ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa nokuxutshwa komoya. Umbhalo ngokwawo ubiza leli tiye ngokuthi «绿茶珍品» — igugu letiye eliluhlaza.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lasendulo, elabuyiselwa ngawo-1980; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo (CNIPA, 2025). Alikho igama elisohlwini lwezolimo lwesibonakaliso sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, *Ānhuī*), idolobha laseXuancheng (宣城, *Xuānchéng*), isifunda saseLangxi (郎溪, *Lángxī*). Umnyombo womlando yintaba iYashan esigodini saseYaocun (姚村); endulo lezi zindawo zazingaphansi kwesifunda saseJianping (建平县) — igama lakudala laseLangxi.
* **Indawo yokuvikela:** Izindawo eziyisikhombisa zesifunda — iYaocun, iFeili, iLingda, iShizi, iBiqiao, iNanfeng neTaocheng.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 119°3′50″–119°20′49″ E, 30°4′47″–31°15′41″ N — ngokwesimemezelo se-CNIPA. Ububanzi be-latitude obungaphezu kwedigri elilodwa bukhulu ngokungavamile ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa; kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona iphutha lokubhala, akukho ndlela yokulihlola.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umugqa kaDu Mu.** Izincwadi zendawo ziqala umlando ngomugqa wembongi yaseTang uDu Mu (杜牧) «山实东吴秀，茶称瑞草魁» — "izintaba lapha ziwubuhle baseMpumalanga Wu, kanti itiye libizwa ngokuthi owokuqala phakathi kotshani obuhle". Iqoqo lezinkondlo zakudala linikeza le nkondlo isihloko esithi «题茶山（在宜兴）» — "Umbhalo eNtabeni Yetiye (eYixing)": izinkondlo eziphathelene nentaba yetiye yaseYixing, kanti elithi «瑞草魁» kuzo liyigama lokudumisa itiye. Igama laseYashan linamathiselwe yizincwadi zakamuva.
    * **I-Ming.** Ngokwephephandaba i-Xuancheng Ribao (2024), umbhalo wakwaMing othi «Qunfang Pu» (《群芳谱》) kaWang Xiangjin (王象晋) ubhala ngentaba i丫山 enetiye elingcono kakhulu emthambekeni onelanga waseYangpo (阳坡): abathandi betiye basemzini baqamba leli tiye ngokuthi «鸦山阳城横纹», elinye igama lalo kuthiwa «瑞草魁». Leli phephandaba lihlonza i丫山 neYashan yasesigodini saseYaocun.
    * **Intela.** Ngokwalelo phephandaba, umbhalo wesifunda saseJianping wenkathi yeJiajing (嘉靖) ubhala ukuthi intela yendawo yayihlanganisa amakhilogremu angama-25 etiye lamahlumela.
    * **I-Qing.** Incwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road icaphuna umbhalo wesifunda saseXuancheng wenkathi yeQing: ngaphansi kwentaba yaseYangpo kudala kwakukhula itiye elihle elibizwa ngokuthi «瑞草魁», ngenye indlela elithi «横纹».
    * **Ukubuyiselwa.** Ngokombiko weCentral Radio (央广网, 2025), ngo-1979 imboni yetiye yendawo yayingalikhiqizi leli tiye — lalaziwa kuphela ngezindaba zabadala. Ngo-1985 iSouth Anhui Agricultural College (皖南农学院) kanye neminyango yesifunda basungula ithimba lokulibuyisela, kwathi ngoJulayi 1986 itiye elibuyiselwe laphumelela ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe.
    * **2000 no-2010.** Ngokwencwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road — ukuqashelwa yiChina National Tea Museum (2000) kanye negolide emqhudelwaneni waseShanghai we-China Famous Tea (2010). Amagama akhe athi "umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo" ngo-2011 isimemezelo sango-2025 kanye nerejista akuwaqinisekisi.
    * **2017.** Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bufakwe ohlwini lwesihlanu lwamagugu angaphatheki esifundazweni sase-Anhui njengelithi «绿茶制作技艺（瑞草魁）».
    * **2025.** I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo esingu-Nombolo 632 yaqashela i-Yashan Ruicaokuí njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo; isifunda besilungiselela isicelo kusukela ngo-2024 (Xinhua, 18 Juni 2025).
* **Igama:** 鸦山 — "iNtaba Yamagwababa"; 瑞草 — "utshani obuhle", igama letiye lezincwadi; 魁 — "owokuqala". Amanye amagama — 鸦山横纹茶, 鸦山茶 kanye ne鸦山岩茶.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Idolobhana iMiaoquan (妙泉村) ngo-2017 lafakwa ohambeni ngaleli tiye ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamadolobhana ayisibonelo "idolobhana elilodwa — umkhiqizo owodwa".

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Icaltivar:** Ngokombhalo wokuvikela — uhlobo lwendawo oluthi «鸦山横纹茶种» (*Yāshān héngwén cházhǒng*), ezinye izinhlobo zendawo nama-clones akhethwe kuzo. Ngokombiko womsakazo, eqabungeni i-engeli phakathi kwemithambo emikhulu neseceleni inkulu kunokuvamile, iphethini ibukeka inqamulayo — yingakho kuthiwa «横纹».
* **Ukusabalalisa:** Ngama-cuttings anehlumela le-axillary, elisikwe endaweni yokukhiqiza.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngokombhalo — kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi, ngesandla, "ngokuphakamisa isandla" (提手采, *tíshǒucǎi*). Ngokomsakazo — kusukela eQingming kuya eGuyu; ebangeni lokuqala — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa, ihlumela lide kuneqabunga.

**4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anhui. I-Yaocun, ngokwencwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road, iyindawo eseningizimu impela futhi okuyiyona kuphela enezintaba esifundeni.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** 20–300 m — ngokombhalo wokuvikela.
* **Inhlabathi:** Isihlabathi, ubukhulu obungaphezu kuka-100 cm, i-pH 5.0–6.5.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza izigaba ezine.

1.  **Ukubola (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Egumbini elipholile nelinomoya, ungqimba olungekho ngaphezu kuka-3 cm, cishe amahora ama-4, nokuphendulwa kalula njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 — kuze kube yilapho iqabunga selilahlekelwe ukucwebezela kwe-wax futhi selithambile.
2.  **Ukumiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ibhodwe elingaba ngu-120 °C, ngo-0.25 kg wamaqabunga; iqabunga liyaphonswa futhi linyakaziswe, ngaphandle kokulicindezela, uma kungenjalo lizofiphala. Ukulungela — iqabunga liluhlaza okotshani ngaphandle kokucwebezela, iphunga lotshani selinyamalele, isiqu esincane siyagoba, singaphuli. Ibanga lokuqala liya ngqo ekomisweni, elesibili nelesithathu — ekuqondisweni.
3.  **Ukuqondisa nokubumba (理条做形, *lǐtiáo zuòxíng*):** Ibhodwe elingu-70–80 °C; cishe imizuzu emi-2 iqabunga liyanyakaziswa kuze kube umswakama ocishe ube ngu-40%, bese kushintshaniswa ukuqondisa, ukugoqwa ngezandla nokunyakazisa, kugcinwa itiye liqondile futhi licishe libe yisicaba. Lapho umswakama ucishe ube ngu-25% itiye liyakhishwa.
4.  **Ukomiswa (烘焙, *hōngbèi*):** Elokuqala — kumakhamba amane okomisa ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa 90→80→70→60 °C, imizuzu emi-3–4 ngalinye, kuze kube yilapho itiye seliqala ukuhlaba isandla; bese kukhethwa okonakele. Elesibili — elihamba kancane, cishe ngu-60 °C, kuze kome ngokuphelele.

**6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngokombhalo wokuvikela.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Liqondile, linoboya obubonakalayo, lilingana, "lifana nenkemba eluhlaza" (形似绿剑), liluhlaza othambile ngokukhanya kwe-jade (嫩绿透翠).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香高持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha, kuthambile, kuvuselelayo, ngokubuya okumnandi (鲜醇爽回甘).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uluhlaza othambile, ocacile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈明亮).
* **Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Liphuzi othambile futhi likhanyayo (嫩黄明亮).

Umbhalo wengeza ukuthi utshwala buqala ukufiphala kuphela ekutheleleni kwesithupha (第6次始淡). Ngokomsakazo, engilazini amacembe etiye ame aqondile, "njengama-orchid avulekile".

Umbhalo uhlukanisa amabanga amane — eliphezulu, elokuqala, elesibili nelesithathu. Kusukela kweliphezulu kuye kwelesibili uboya obubonakalayo buba obufihlekile (kwelesithathu akukhulunywa ngabo); kusukela kweliphezulu kuye kwelesithathu iphunga lisuka kokuphezulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside liya kokulinganiselwe, utshwala nesizinda kusuka kokuluhlaza othambile nokuphuzi othambile kuya kokuluhlaza okuphuzi, kanti ukunambitheka kusuka kokusha ngokubuya okumnandi kuya kokuminyene.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

| Inkomba | Inani embhalweni wokuvikela |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ama-polyphenols etiye | 18.6% nangaphezulu |
| I-caffeine | 3.9% nangaphezulu |
| Ama-amino acid | 3.9% nangaphezulu |
| Umswakama | akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.0% |
| Uthuli | alukho ngaphezu kuka-0.5% |
| Umlotha ophelele | awukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5% |
| Ukukhishwa kwamanzi | akukho ngaphezu kuka-35.0% |

Umbhalo ubuye ukhulume ngamavithamini A, B1, B2 no-C, ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kuwo kunqunyelwe phezulu; ngokuvamile le nkomba ibekwa njengomkhawulo ophansi, kodwa embhalweni kubhalwe kanjalo.

**8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuhlunga:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukuhlunga kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuthelela okuphindaphindiwe — ngokombhalo, kuze kufike kokuhlanu noma kuyisithupha.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, isiqandisi ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Funa uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo oluthi «鸦山瑞草魁».
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezindawo eziyisikhombisa zesifunda saseLangxi.
    * Iqabunga — liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, linoboya; utshwala — buluhlaza othambile futhi bucacile; isizinda — siphuzi othambile.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokwenganekwane evela ezinkondlweni zikaWang Zhongyi (王仲仪), ezicashunwe iphephandaba, igama lentaba lanikezwa amagwababa ayesakaza imbewu yetiye: «鸦衔茶子生，遂同山名鸦».
* Umbhalo uvumela izingadi ekuphakameni okusuka ku-20 m.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:**

* **Yangxian Xue Ya ([阳羡雪芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yangxian-xue-ya)):** Itiye laseYixing, intaba yalo, ngokwesihloko, izinkondlo zikaDu Mu ziphathelene nayo.
* **Jingting Lü Xue ([敬亭绿雪](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jingting-lu-xue)):** Itiye lasendulo lesifunda saseXuancheng, nalo elabuyiselwa ekhulwini lama-20.
* **Huanghua Yunjian ([黄花云尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huanghua-yunjian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliqondile neliyisicaba laseNingguo kusukela kuleso simemezelo esingu-Nombolo 632.
* **Guangde Huangjin Ya ([广德黄金芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guangde-huangjinya)):** Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangde kuleso sifunda, elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yashan Ruicaokuí itiye eliluhlaza laseLangxi eliqondile, elifana nenkemba eluhlaza, elinephunga elihlanzekile neliphezulu nokubuya okumnandi. Okwedlule lisekelwe ezingcaphunweni zezincwadi, ezingezona zonke eziphathelene nalo, okwamanje — ekubuyiselweni kwawo-1980 kanye nombhalo wokuvikela wango-2025.