---
title: "Yánpíng gòngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yanping-gongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yánpíng gòngchá (延平贡茶)

**I-Yanping Gongcha** (*Yánpíng gòngchá*, 延平贡茶) — 'itiye lendela laseYanping', itiye lesifunda saseYanping (延平区) edolobheni laseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian. Igama libhekisela enteleni yaseSong: inkomba ithi kakade ngeminyaka yeYuanfeng (1078–1085) itiye lalapha laliyiswa enkantolo. Namuhla lolu wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwango-2024 — uphawu lwetiye olusha kakhulu lwesifunda saseNanping — futhi umkhiqizo kulo ubhalwe njengewulong. Igama lesibili elidala laleli tiye lithi 'banyan cha', 'itiye lasemaweni amaphakathi', ngendawo ethambekeni lentaba iMandangshan.

**1. Isigaba kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-ulong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*) — umkhiqizo wophawu ubhalwe kanjalo ohlwini lwesifundazwe. Igama ngokwalo ('itiye lentela') alinasi sigaba, kanti inkomba ithi kusukela enkathini yeMing eYanping kwakwenziwa itiye eliluhlaza, nelibomvu, kanye newulong.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lentela lomlando lasenyakatho yeFujian; uhlobo lomphakathi lwesifunda kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2024).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wedolobha iNanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), isifunda saseYanping (延平, *Yánpíng*); umnyombo womlando — ilokishi laseMangdang (茫荡镇, *Mángdàng zhèn*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba isifunda saseYanping — lokhu ukuhlobana kokuphatha komnikazi wophawu. Inkomba ibiza indawo yonke yesifunda njengendawo yophawu; umngcele wezomthetho angiwuhlolanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwenkomba — 26°15′–26°52′ N, 117°50′–118°40′ E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Ngezansi kukhona imininingwane evela enkombeni enezinkomba zemibhalo emidala; imithombo yokuqala angiyiqhathanisanga.
    * **I-Song yaseNyakatho.** Incazelo yezwe ethi 'Taiping huanyu ji' (《太平寰宇记》) ibala izinhlobo eziyisithupha zetiye lesifunda saseNanjianzhou (南剑州), okuyiYanping yanamuhla: 白乳, 金字, 蜡面, 骨子, 山挺 kanye no 银字. Ngeminyaka yeYuanfeng itiye lesifunda, ngokwenkomba, lase liyintela; 'Umlando weSong' (《宋史》) ukhuluma ngezifunda ezinhlanu ezinomkhiqizo ongaphansi kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zamajin. U-Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) encwadini ethi 'Amanothi Ngokubuyela Emasimini' (《归田录》) wabhala ukuthi itiye 'elinamafutha' livela eJianjin.
    * **Ingxabano neBeiyuan.** Inkomba icaphuna umugqa wesikhulu saseSong uHuang Shang (黄裳): «莫道南芽非北苑，须知山脉是东溪» — ungasho ukuthi amahlumela aseningizimu awawona awaseBeiyuan: izintaba zawo ziyafana nezaseDongxi.
    * **I-Ming ne-Qing.** Incwadi yeMing ethi 'Ba Min tongzhi' (《八闽通志》), ngokwenkomba, ithi: «茶，各县俱有，出延平半岩者尤佳» — itiye likhona kuzo zonke izifunda, kodwa elihle kakhulu livela emaweni amaphakathi aseYanping. Umlando wesifunda saseNanping uthi ukuchuma kwaleli tiye kwenzeka ngeminyaka yeXianfeng neTongzhi (1851–1874).
    * **Ikhulu lama-XX.** Ekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki, ngokwenkomba, imboni yawohloka ngenxa yomgunyathi, ukuxutshwa kwezinto kanye nezimpi, yabe isivuseleleka ngemva kuka-1949.
    * **U-2024.** Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, uphawu № 65341509 lubhaliswe mhla ziyi-13 kuNhlolanja 2024; inkomba ithi umhla ziyi-14 kuNhlolanja, kanti izindaba zesifunda zabika ukubhaliswa ngoNdasa. Umnikazi — Isikhungo Sokusabalalisa Ubuchwepheshe Bezolimo Sesifunda saseYanping (南平市延平区农业技术推广中心), umkhiqizo — iwulong.
    * **Amagugu.** Inkomba ithi ubuchwepheshe bendabuko beYanping Gongcha bufakwe ohlwini lweshumi lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha laseNanping.
* **Igama:** 延平 — igama lesifunda; 贡茶 (*gòngchá*) — 'itiye lentela', itiye elalinikelwa enkantolo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isifunda sakha uhlobo lomphakathi ngaleli gama: ngokwenkomba, izinkampani zendawo eziyishumi nambili zipakisha itiye ngophawu olumbaxambili '延平贡茶 + uphawu lwazo', kanti kubanjwa 'umncintiswano wenkosi yetiye' kanye nomkhosi wokuqala kokuvuna ngesiko 'lokubiza intaba'.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Uhlu lwezinhlobo zophawu alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Inkomba ikhuluma ngamasampula ahlomule ama-ulong aseYanping ezinhlotsheni eziyiRougui ([肉桂](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rou-gui), *ròuguì*) neShuixian ([水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian), *shuǐxiān*) emincintiswaneni ka-2021–2022.
* **Indawo yofuzo:** Ngokwenkomba, esifundeni kunesifunda esivikelwe sesifundazwe sofuza oluyigugu lwesihlahla setiye '延平贡茶', kanti ukuhlolwa nokuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zendawo kwenziwa neFujian Agriculture and Forestry University kanye nesifundazwe se-academy yezolimo.
* **Izinga kanye nezikhathi zokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Inyakatho yeFujian, izintaba ezizungeze iNanping. Umnyombo womlando — 'amawa amaphakathi' (半岩, *bànyán*) entaba iMandangshan (茫荡山): inkomba ibeka indawo yengadi endala eduze nomuzi waseJunzhu-Bangan (筠竹半坎村), maphakathi nomzila 'Izinyathelo Eziyizinkulungwane Ezintathu Namakhulu Ayisishiyagalombili' (三千八百坎) esiqiwini sikahulumeni saseMandangshan.
* **Ukuphakama:** Ngokwenkomba, izingadi zitholakala ikakhulu ku-600–800 m; izingadi ezintsha ze-ecological zimiswa ku-650–1000 m.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwenkomba — isimo sezulu esithambile nesinomswakama se-monsoon esimaphakathi: intwasahlobo yokuqala nekwindla sekwephuzile, ihlobo elide nobusika obufushane, inkathi yezimvula ecacile, inkungu evamile nokungabi namoya, umehluko obonakalayo ngokuphakama.
* **Indawo:** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ekulandiseni kwenkomba — cishe ama-mu angu-7200 wezingadi kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-500 etiye ngonyaka; uhlelo lwesifunda — ama-mu angu-10 000 ngonyaka ka-2025.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Imithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu enobuchwepheshe angiyibonanga. Inkomba ichaza izinkathi ezimbili.

* **Ubuchwepheshe beSong 'bamacwecwe' (incazelo evamile yenkathi):** amahlumela ayashiswa ngesitimu, agaywe abe inhlama, acindezelwe abe amaqebelengwane anembobo phakathi, omiswa bese ehlanganiswa ngaphezu kweshumi ngentambo; kamuva kulolu 'tiye eligayiwe' kwavela itiye 'elinamafutha' (蜡面茶, *làmiànchá*).
* **Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bamanje:** inkomba ikhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa kweqabunga (摊青, *tānqīng*) kanye nokufudumala (烘焙, *hōngbèi*) nokuthi kusetshenzwa ngabo amapulazi angaphezu kwamashumi amabili esifunda. Ukulandelana okuphelele kanye nemingcele akukho kuyo.

Kowulong ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu: ukubuna, ukunyakazisa nokubamba iqabunga (做青, *zuòqīng*) nge-oxidation eyingxenye, ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), ukomisa kanye nokufudumala. Lolu wuhlelo oluvamile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beYanping Gongcha.

**6. Izici Zezwa:**

Inkomba ichaza ukunambitheka ngefomula eyodwa: iphunga eliphakeme nelihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokuthambile, ubumnandi nokumelana nokuthelwa okuningi (高香持久、滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡). Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yokubukeka angiwubonanga.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (高香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele futhi kuthambile, kumnandi, kumelana nokuthelwa okuningi (滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithelwe):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Inkomba ithi ngokuhlaziywa itiye lentaba iMandangshan aliphansi kweleWuyishan ngomswakama, umlotha, i-cellulose, ama-polyphenol kanye ne-caffeine, kodwa ayizibali izinombolo nendlela; lokhu angikwamukeli njengeqiniso.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuthela:**

Umkhuba wesigaba sowulong.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–7 g nge-gaiwan engu-100–110 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Geza ngokushesha iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachithe.
    4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
    5. Thela ezinkomishini nge-chahai.
    6. Ukuthelwa okuyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani umgunyathi:**
    * Funani uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo '延平贡茶' (№ 65341509).
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseYanping.
    * Ungadidanisi neBeiyuan Gongcha ([北苑贡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/beiyuan-gongcha)): uphawu lwendawo olunaleli gama lunikezwe idolobha laseJian'ou, futhi iYanping ayifakiwe endaweni yalo.
    * Khumbula ukuthi 'gongcha' yigama elivamile emagameni etiye futhi ngokwalo alifakazeli imvelaphi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ephephandabeni lesifundazwe ehlobo lika-2024 kwathiwa '北苑贡茶（延平焙）' — 'itiye lentela laseBeiyuan lokomiswa kwaseYanping' — ngawo lowo nyaka lathola uphawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sezindawo kanye nesimo samagugu angaphatheki aseNanping; iphephandaba labika nangenqubo yokusebenzisa lolu phawu. Ohlwini lwezimpawu zesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 alikho uphawu oluhlukile olunalelo gama, kanti uphawu lwetiye okuwukuphela kwalo lwesifunda — '延平贡茶' lwango-2024. Ukuthi lamagama ahlobene yini njengohlobo nophawu, ngokwemibhalo etholakele akwaziwa.
* Uphawu lwendawo '北苑贡茶', olwaqashelwa yi-CNIPA ngo-2025, luhlanganisa kuphela idolobha laseJian'ou; iYanping ayifakiwe endaweni yalo.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **I-Jian'ou Shuixian Cha ([建瓯水仙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jian-ou-shuixian-cha)):** I-ulong yaseJian'ou engumakhelwane, lapho kwakukhona ingadi yenkantolo yaseBeiyuan; isikhulu saseSong uHuang Shang saqhathanisa itiye laseYanping netiye laseBeiyuan.
* **I-Shaxian Hongbian Cha ([沙县红边茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shaxian-hongbian-cha)):** I-ulong yesifunda saseShaxian esingumakhelwane; emlandweni weSong iShaxian ibalwa phakathi kwezifunda ezazinikela ngetiye lesifunda saseNanjianzhou.
* **I-Rougui (肉桂):** Uhlobo lwe-ulong, amasampula alo athola imiklomelo emincintiswaneni.
* **I-Shuixian (水仙):** Uhlobo oludala lwe-ulong yasenyakatho yeFujian, nalo liphakathi kwabahlomulayo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yanping Gongcha — igama elinozalo lweminyaka eyinkulungwane nokuvikelwa okusha kakhulu: intela yaseSong, 'amawa amaphakathi' entaba iMandangshan, ukuwohloka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX kanye nophawu lwango-2024 olunomkhiqizo 'i-ulong'. Ngokubukeka kwamanje imibhalo icishe ithule — inkomba inikeza kuphela ifomula 'iphunga eliphakeme elihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okugcwele okumnandi, ukuthelwa okuningi' — kanti ubudlelwano nohlobo '北苑贡茶（延平焙）' buhlala bungumbuzo ovulekile.