---
title: "yánggānjú"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yangganju
lang: zu
updated: 2026-09-18
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# yánggānjú (洋甘菊)

I-Romanchamomile akulona itiye: emanzini ayo agxiliwe akukho nelilodwa iqabunga le-*Camellia sinensis*, futhi ngokohlelo lwesiShayina luhlala ngaphandle kwezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo futhi nangaphandle kwe-再加工茶 (*zàijiāgōng chá*, amatiye agaywe kabusha). Sihlaziya ukuthi kungani i-洋甘菊 ihlala esigabeni sezimbali nezinto ezomile, ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nama-花茶 angempela, nokuthi umngcele uphakathi kuka-«itiye elinembali» kanye «nokugxilwa kwembali».

## Kusho ukuthini igama ngokwalo

Uhlamvu lwesiShayina 洋甘菊 luhlukaniswa ngokuqondile: 洋 — «olwandle, owangaphandle», 甘 — «oshukela», 菊 — «i-chrysanthemum, imbali eyinkimbinkimbi». Okusho ukuthi «i-chrysanthemum yangaphandle emnandi» — igama elakhiwe ngokuphambene nembali yendawo, egxile kakhulu emasikweni esiShayina i-菊花 (*júhuā*, i-chrysanthemum). Isakhiwo segama ngokwalo siveza isimo: lesi yisigaba esingenisiwe esangena ohlelweni lwezimbali zesiShayina ngomzila ohlukile kune-茉莉 (*mòlì*, i-jasmine), i-桂花 (*guìhuā*, i-osmanthus) noma i-玫瑰 (*méiguī*, i-rose).

Ukuqhathaniswa ne-菊花 lapha akukona ukuzenzekela. Ohlelweni lwama-花茶 i-chrysanthemum iphawulwa njengesimo **esisemngceleni** ngesexwayiso esisobala: i-菊花 ngokwayo — akulona iqabunga letiye. Okufanayo ncamashi, kodwa ngezinga elikhulu, kuyiqiniso nge-洋甘菊: i-chrysanthemum okungenani inendlela ehlanganisiwe ezinzile ye-菊普 (*júpǔ*) — ingxube ne-普洱熟茶, kanti i-romanchamomile ohlelweni lwetiye lwesiShayina ayinayo eyayo i-窨制 (*yìnzhì*, inqubo yokwenza iphunga) emisiwe, futhi ayinayo indlela yakudala yokuxuba.

## Kungani lokhu akulona i-花茶

Ukuze uqonde indawo ye-romanchamomile, kudingeka uchaze ngokunembile ukuthi iyini i-花茶. Lena yi-subclass ye-再加工茶 — isigaba sesikhombisa, esime ngaphandle kweziyisithupha eziyisisekelo (oluhlaza, omhlophe, ophuzi, u-oolong, obomvu, omnyama). Isici esibalulekile: i-花茶 — **itiye**, kanti imbali imane nje ibe umthwali wephunga.

Ngokobuchwepheshe uhlelo lubukeka kanje:

- kuthathwa i-茶坯 (*chápēi*) — isisekelo setiye, ngokuvamile i-烘青绿茶 (*hōngqīng lǜchá*), itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo, kancane kancane i-红茶, i-乌龙 noma i-白茶;
- imbali ephilayo ibekwa ngezingqimba nalolu 茶坯 futhi phakathi nenqubo ye-窨制 inikela ngezinto eziguquguqukayo eqabungeni letiye;
- imbali esetshenzisiwe, ngokuvamile, **iyasuswa** (kuma-jasmine asezingeni eliphezulu — cishe ngokuphelele);
- enkomishini kuhlala iqabunga letiye elithwala iphunga lembali.

Kusukela lapha kuvela isisho nge-jasmine — «窨得茉莉无上味» (*yìn dé mòlì wú shàng wèi*). Iphrofayili yaleli tiye ichazwa ngefomula ethi 鲜灵浓醇 (*xiān líng nóng chún*) — okusha, «okunomoya», okugcwele, okulinganayo.

I-Romanchamomile ayingeni kulolu hlelo. Ayisetshenziswa njenge-窨花 kuma-花茶 akudala esiShayina: ohlwini lwezinhlobo eziphunga ngokubalulekile embonini kukhona i-茉莉 (izinhlobo ezinamacembe amabili noma amabili), i-桂花 (金桂/银桂/丹桂), i-玫瑰 (重瓣红玫瑰, 平阴), i-白兰花 (*báilánhuā*, i-magnolia, e-Guangzhou), i-珠兰花 (*zhūlánhuā*, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-金粟兰, i-chloranthus; eyomlando i-歙县 e-徽州), i-玳玳花 (*dàidàihuā*, iwolintshi elibabayo, isifunda sase-江浙 — i-Jiangsu ne-Zhejiang), i-柚子花 (*yòuzihuā*, imbali ye-pomelo, i-Fujian ne-Guangdong). I-Romanchamomile ayingeni kunoma yimuphi walemigingcele yokukhiqiza. Ngokufanele, enkomishini ye-romanchamomile asikho isisekelo setiye nhlobo: lokhu ukugxilwa kwembali eyodwa, hhayi itiye elinephunga.

## Ukuqeqeshwa kwamagama

Ukuze i-encyclopedia ibalulekile ukuqopha amazinga amathathu ukuze kungahlanganiswa okungahlangani:

1. **花茶 (angempela)** — iqabunga letiye elinephunga lembali ephilayo nge-窨制. Izibonelo: 茉莉花茶, 桂花乌龙, 玫瑰红茶, 白兰花茶, 珠兰花茶, 玳玳花茶. Lena i-再加工茶.
2. **Izinhlobo ezisemngceleni** — lapho imbali ibusa ngokomzimba, kanti isisekelo setiye siyingxube noma asikho. Isibonelo: 菊花茶 kanye ne-菊普 (菊花 + 普洱熟). Lapha kudingeka isexwayiso.
3. **Ukugxilwa kwezimbali ngaphandle kwetiye** — i-洋甘菊 nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Asikho isisekelo setiye, ayikho i-窨制, asikho isigaba ohlelweni lwetiye lwesiShayina.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhulunywe nge-工艺花茶 / 开花茶 (*gōngyì huāchá* / *kāihuā chá*) — izingxube «eziqhakazayo» ezivela e-黄山 nase-金华: ukubopha ngesandla (手工捆扎) kusuka kumahlumela aluhlaza awodwa (单芽) nezimbali ezomile, okuqhakaza engilazini. Lesi yisigaba sokuhlobisa, futhi yikhona lapho izimbali ezomile zivame ukuba eduze kweqabunga letiye **ngomshini**, ngaphandle kwe-窨制. Ngokusemthethweni i-工艺花茶 — isikhundla semakethe, hhayi esejwayelekile, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kuqala ngokubuka. Uma uthola «i-romanchamomile netiye eliluhlaza» ngesimo sebhola noma isixha — lokhu kungumqondo we-工艺花茶, hhayi umqondo we-茉莉花茶.

## Ngamazinga

Lapha kudingeka ukwethembeka: **ngaphakathi kwesisekelo semithombo nge-花茶 i-洋甘菊 ayinayo inombolo ye-GB/T eqoshiwe**, futhi ukuyisungula akwamukelekile. Ingxenye esemthethweni yohlelo ichaza imikhiqizo yetiye, futhi phakathi kwama-花茶 isimo esisemthethweni siqoshwe kuqala nge-茉莉花茶 njengesigaba somkhiqizo esihlukile. I-Romanchamomile njengento eyodwa ayingeni kulomqondo womkhiqizo: ayinayo i-茶坯, ayinayo i-窨次 (inani lemijikelezo yokwenza iphunga), ayinayo isikali sokuhlukanisa ngokwezinga esakhiwe ekuqhathaniseni kwahlumela neqabunga.

Isiphetho esisebenzayo: noma yimuphi umdayisi okhuluma nge-«GOST/GB ngetiye le-romanchamomile» ngaphakathi kohlaka lwetiye lwesiShayina, akakhulumi ngemithetho yetiye yaseShayina. Ukuhlolwa kwe-romanchamomile kwenziwa ngesikali semithi, hhayi ngesetiye — ubuqotho bezimbali, ukungabikho kwemfucumfucu ephukile, ukuhlanzeka kombala, ukusha kwephunga.

## Ukugxilwa nokuhambisana

Ukugxilwa kwe-洋甘菊 akunabo ubukrakra betiye, ngoba alikho iqabunga letiye, futhi akukho lowo «mzimba» wesakhiwo onikezwa yi-茶坯. Lokhu kushintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokugxilwa.

Ukuqhathanisa: ama-花茶 aseShayina agxilwa ngemithetho yetiye, ngoba enkomishini kusebenza iqabunga letiye. Izinhlobo eziphezulu ezifana ne-茉莉龙珠 (*mòlì lóngzhū*, «amaparele e-jasmine»), i-茉莉银针 noma i-茉莉大白毫 zenziwe ngesisekelo samahlumela anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-白毫 (izifunda zase-福州 nase-横县) futhi zidlula ku-窨 okuningi — ngakho zisabela ekushiseni nasesikhathini njenge- green tea, futhi ukweqa isikhathi kuletha ubukrakra.

I-Romanchamomile iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, futhi indlela esebenzayo kuyo ingeyemithi:

- amanzi ashisayo, acishe abile: izimbali zimahhadla kunehlumela letiye futhi zidinga amandla okukhipha;
- imizuzu embalwa yokugxilwa engilazini noma ku-porcelain, kungcono ngesitsha esikhanyayo — ukuvuleka kwezimbali lapha kuyingxenye yobuhle;
- ukuthululwa kanye noma kabili; ukuphinda kaningi ngendlela ye-gongfu, njenge-oolong, akunangqondo.

Uma ufuna isakhiwo setiye — kunengqondo ukuthatha i-花茶 yangempela: i-桂花乌龙 enephunga elimnandi le-apricot noma i-玫瑰红茶 ngesisekelo se-红茶 enephrofayili yezimbali nemnandi. Zizonikeza kokubili ubumbali nomzimba wetiye.

## Ungahlukanisa kanjani futhi ungalokothi ukhohliswe

Ukuhlola okuthathu okusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

**Ukuhlola ngeqabunga.** Hlukanisa itiye elomile. Uma linezimbali kuphela futhi lingenalo iqabunga letiye elisongekile — lokhu ukugxilwa kwembali, hhayi i-花茶. Uma iqabunga likhona, bheka ukuthi imbali ilele ngokwehlukene (ingxube yomshini) noma iqabunga lomile futhi lihlanzekile, kanti iphunga livela kulo ngokwalo (uphawu lwe-窨制 yangempela — ku-茉莉花茶 enhle imbali icishe ingabikho).

**Ukuhlola ngamagama.** Kuma-花茶 aseShayina amagama akhiwa ngohlelo «imbali + isisekelo» noma «imbali + isimo»: 桂花乌龙, 玫瑰红茶, 茉莉龙珠. Uma egameni kuvela imbali kuphela futhi kungenasisekelo — cishe, asikho isisekelo.

**Ukuhlola ngendawo.** Ama-花茶 angempela anokuxhumana okuqinile kwendawo yokukhiqiza: 茉莉花茶 — 福州, 横县 (e-Guangxi), 苏州; 桂花茶 — 桂林, 咸宁, 苏州; 玫瑰花茶 — 平阴 e-山东 nase-Guangdong; 白兰花茶 — 广州 ne-苏州; 珠兰花茶 — 歙县 e-徽州 yomlando nase-福州. I-Romanchamomile ayixhumene nalawa maqhuzu etiye, futhi izimangalo nge-«itiye le-romanchamomile lendabuko yase-Fuzhou» ziphikisana nesakhiwo somkhakha.

## Isiphetho

I-洋甘菊 — isikhundla esifanele esigabeni «izimbali nezinto ezomile» futhi isikhundla esingafanele esigabeni se-花茶. Indawo yayo ayinqunyelwa yizinga lezinto, kodwa ukungabikho kweqabunga letiye: lapho kungekho i-茶坯 futhi kungekho i-窨制, akukho ne-再加工茶. Ukuqonda lomngcele — yinhlanzeko eyisisekelo yesichazamazwi setiye: kukuvumela ukwazisa i-romanchamomile ngalokho eyikho, ngaphandle kokuyinika uhlu lozalo lwetiye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubone ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuthi yini ubuciko be-花茶 yaseShayina — ekhonweni lokufaka iphunga lembali ephilayo eqabungeni letiye ngendlela yokuthi imbali ingasuswa.