---
title: "Xīyán wūlóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiyan-wulongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xīyán wūlóngchá (西岩乌龙茶)

**I-Xiyan Wulongcha** (*Xīyán wūlóngchá*, 西岩乌龙茶) iwulong yezintaba zase-Xiyanshan esigodini sase-Fenglang esifundeni sase-Dabu (大埔县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Meizhou enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong. Ngokwesichazamazwi sesifunda, amasimu alele ngaphezu kuka-1250 m, futhi isimilo setiye sichazwa ngamagama amahlanu: **清、香、甘、滑、醇** — ihlanzekile, inephunga elimnandi, imnandi, ibushelelezi, ithambile. Ngo-2013 itiye lathola ukuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, futhi idokhumenti yalokhu iningiliziwe: inhlabathi, izikhathi kanye nezinga lokuqoqa, ubuchwepheshe obunamazinga okushisa omiswa, ukubukeka kanye nezindinganiso zomzimba namakhemikhali.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-wulong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*), ebilisiwe kancane. Isigaba sichazwe egameni; ubuchwepheshe ngokwedokhumenti — ukubuna elangeni, ukunyakazisa ngokuphumula, ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa — ubuchwepheshe be-wulong.
* **Isigaba:** I-wulong yezintaba eziphakeme enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Guangdong; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2013).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), idolobha lase-Meizhou (梅州, *Méizhōu*), isifunda sase-Dabu (大埔县, *Dàbù xiàn*), isigodi sase-Fenglang (枫朗镇, *Fēnglǎng zhèn*), izintaba zase-Xiyanshan (西岩山, *Xīyán shān*).
* **Indawo evikeliwe:** **Indawo yamanje yokuphatha yesigodi sase-Fenglang** esifundeni sase-Dabu.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Dabu — cishe 24.4° enyakatho kanye no-116.7° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1995.** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, i-Xiyan Wulongcha yathola indondo yesiliva embukisweni wesibili wezolimo wase-China.
    * **2013.** I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 81 (esayinwe ngomhla ka-26 Juni, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-3 Julayi 2013) yathatha itiye phezu kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Lesi simemezelo savikela amagama amahlanu — amaqanda amadada ezinhlobo ezimbili zase-Yuyao, amakhestnut ase-Fengkai, amakhekhe enyanga ase-Wuchuan naleli tiye; itiye phakathi kwabo lilodwa.
    * **2017.** Isifundazwe sase-Guangdong sagunyaza indinganiso yendawo i-DB44/T 1961-2017 «Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. I-Xiyan Wulongcha» (地理标志产品 西岩乌龙茶); isebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-10 Juni 2017. Ababhali — iqembu lendawo letiye kanye nezinkonzo zesifunda zekhwalithi nezolimo.
* **Igama:**
    * «I-Xiyan» (西岩) — «idwala lasentshonalanga», igama lentaba.
    * «I-Wulongcha» (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*) — «i-wulong».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isizindalwazi sesifunda sibeka i-Xiyan Wulongcha ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ekhethekile yama-Hakka yase-Dabu. Emithambekeni efanayo kwenziwa namanye ama-wulong: isizindalwazi sikhuluma eduze kwalo nge-«Xiyan dancong» (西岩单丛), kuhlanganise nangendlela yamabhola, kanye nohlobo lwe-«Huangzhixiang» (黄枝香), olutshalwa ekuphakameni kwe-1250 m kusukela ngo-1993.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ngokwedokhumenti — izinhlobo ze-wulong ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane kanye nenani lendawo (中小叶乌龙茶品种及当地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)); izinhlobo eziqondile azishiwongo. Izithombo — ezingafani nembewu, ezingama-clone (无性系).
* **Ukuqoqa:** Kuphela entwasahlobo, kanye ngonyaka — kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-March kuze kube maphakathi no-May.
* **Izinga lokuqoqa:** Ihlumela elineqhuzu elimile kanye namaqabunga amabili noma amathathu (驻芽两叶, 驻芽三叶). Okungcono kakhulu — «iqabunga elivulekile eliphakathi» (中开面), lapho ehlumeni kwakheke ipheya lamaqabunga ngaphandle kokukhula kweqhuzu (对夹叶).
* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Iqabunga alicindezelwa futhi alishiswa elangeni; akufanele libe namazolo noma amanzi emvula.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-Xiyanshan esigodini sase-Fenglang esifundeni sase-Dabu.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda — **ngaphezu kwe-1250 m** ngaphezu kolwandle. Idokhumenti yengeza ukuthi inhlabathi ephuzi nebomvu yendawo ilele ekuphakameni kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-1000 m nangaphezulu.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwedokhumenti — izinhlobo ezine: inhlabathi ephuzi, inhlabathi ebomvu, inhlabathi ebomvu ye-laterite kanye nenhlabathi yelayisi. E-Xiyanshan kunenhlabathi ephuzi-bomvu — ethambile, emanzi, evundile. I-pH **3.9–4.7**, izinto eziphilayo — **2.3–4.0** (amayunithi awashiwongo ekubhaleni kabusha).
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokwedokhumenti uchungechunge lunjengalokhu: ukuqoqa → ukubuna elangeni → ukunyakazisa ngokuphumula → ukulungisa → ukusonga → ukomisa; bese kuba ukuqedela.

* **Ukubuna elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing) — *shàiqīng*):** Ngendwala encane, elangeni elilula — kungcono kusukela ngo-9 kuya ku-11 ekuseni noma kusukela ngo-16 kuya ku-17. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa cishe u-15% womswakama, liba mnyama, amaqabunga aphezulu ayalenga.
* **Ukunyakazisa (做青 — *zuòqīng*):** Ukunyakazisa (碰青, 摇青) kushintshaniswa nokuphumula izikhathi eziningana. Idokhumenti ibiza lesi sigaba ngokuthi siyisihluthulelo sephunga nokunambitheka kwe-Xiyan. Kusuka emjikelezweni kuya komunye ukunyakazisa kuba kukhulu futhi kunamandla, ukuphumula kuba kude, ungqimba lweqabunga lube lukhulu.
* **Ukulungisa (杀青 — *shāqīng*):** Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokushesha, kuze kube ukulungiswa okulinganayo nokuphelele.
* **Ukusonga (揉捻 — *róuniǎn*):** Ngokushintshanisa ukucindezela nokukhulula, kuze kube imigoqo eminyene ngokucekelwa phansi okulinganiselwe kwamaseli.
* **Ukomisa (烘焙 — *hōngbèi*):** Kabili. Okokuqala — ku-**150 °C** imizuzu engu-20–30. Okwesibili — ku-**100 °C**, isikhathi eside, «emlilweni obuthakathaka ngongqimba oluncane» (文火薄焙). Iqabunga liyanyakaziswa ngesikhathi ukuze lishise futhi lome ngokulinganayo.
* **Ukuqedela (精制 — *jīngzhì*):** Ukuhlanganisa amaqoqo, ukuhlunga, ukupepeta, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuphinda ukushisa nokupakisha.

Izinga le-oxidation ngamadijithi alibekiwe kudokhumenti.

**6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ngokwedokhumenti — imigoqo emikhulu, eminyene, egcwele, ebushelelezi futhi elinganayo (条索肥壮紧结，饱满光滑匀整); umbala uphuzi-nsundu, onamafutha (黄褐油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Alichazwanga ngokwehlukana; ayikho imininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Iphunga lokukhishwa:** Iphunga lezimbali noju, lihlanzekile futhi lingokwemvelo, lijulile futhi lihlala njalo (花蜜香味，清香天然，香浓持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okujiyile, okuthambile futhi okumnandi, okugcwele futhi okusha, nokubuya okumnandi okuhle (醇厚甘润、浓醇鲜爽、回甘性好).
* **Umbala wokukhishwa:** Ophuzi-osawolintshi, ogqamile, onombala osagolide (橙黄明亮、略显金黄).
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe):** Luhlaza okotshani obuthambile, elilinganayo, lithambile futhi licwebezela (嫩绿，匀齐柔亮).

Isizindalwazi sesifunda sichaza itiye ngendlela ehlukile, ngendlela eluhlaza kakhulu: imigoqo iminyene futhi isongekile, iluhlaza okwesimaragidu ngokucwebezela okunamafutha (条索紧结卷曲，色泽翠绿油光), ukukhishwa kuphuzi-luhlaza (汤色绿黄明亮), iphunga liphezulu lezimbali, ukunambitheka kuthambile futhi kusha. Umehluko nedokhumenti awuchazwanga yimithombo.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Idokhumenti ibeka izindinganiso: izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini — **okungenani u-36 %**, ama-polyphenols etiye — **okungenani u-21 %**, umswakama — **hhayi ngaphezu kwe-6.0 %**, imfucumfucu — **hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1.0 %**, umlotha — **hhayi ngaphezu kwe-6.0 %**. Indinganiso ye-caffeine ekubhalweni kabusha etholakele inephutha elicacile, ngakho ayinikezwanga lapha.

**8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong. Azikho izincomo ezihlukile kudokhumenti.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Ubuningi betiye:** 6–8 g nge-110–150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Ligeze ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo bese ulithulula.
    4. Ukukhishwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    5. Thela konke.
    6. Ukuphinda uthele ngokwengeza isikhathi esincane; i-wulong ikwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa okuningi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong. Ephakeji elivalekile, endaweni epholile emnyama eyomile, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle.

**11. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholiwe.

* **Uzivikela kanjani ekukhwabaniseni:**
    * Funa ephakejini uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi usesigodini sase-Fenglang esifundeni sase-Dabu: indawo evikeliwe yisona kuphela.
    * Iqabunga elomile — imigoqo emikhulu eminyene ephuzi-nsundu enokucwebezela okunamafutha.
    * Ukukhishwa — ophuzi-osawolintshi futhi ogqamile, iphunga — lezimbali noju.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* I-Xiyan Wulongcha iqoqwa entwasahlobo kuphela — ukuqoqwa kanye ngonyaka, kusukela ngo-March kuya maphakathi no-May.
* Idokhumenti idinga ukomisa ngezigaba ezimbili: 150 °C, bese kuba ngu-100 °C «emlilweni obuthakathaka».
* Isimilo setiye isifunda sichaza ngamagama amahlanu: lihlanzekile, linephunga elimnandi, limnandi, libushelelezi, lithambile.
* Esimemezelweni sika-2013 itiye livikelwe kanye namaqanda amadada, amakhestnut namakhekhe enyanga.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-wulong:**

* **I-Lingtou Dancong ([岭头单丛](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lingtou-dan-cong)):** I-wulong yesifunda sase-Raoping esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Chaozhou, eqanjwe ngohlobo. Idokhumenti ye-Xiyan ayisho izinhlobo — kuphela izinhlobo ze-wulong ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane kanye nenani lendawo.
* **I-Xingning Dancong ([兴宁单丛](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xingning-dan-cong)):** I-wulong yesifunda esifanayo sase-Meizhou, evela kwesinye isifunda.
* **I-Dancong ([单枞](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dancong)):** Igama elijwayelekile lama-wulong ase-Guangdong, ngokomlando enziwa ezihlahleni ezihlukene; i-Xiyan Wulongcha ingumkhiqizo ohlukile onedokhumenti yawo nendawo yawo yesigodi esisodwa.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xiyan Wulongcha iwulong yesigodi esisodwa sezintaba enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Guangdong, enamasimu angaphezu kwe-1250 m kanye nokuqoqwa okukodwa entwasahlobo ngonyaka. Idokhumenti yayo ichaza konke kusukela enhlabathini kuya ekomiseni: ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu, ukubuna elangeni, ukunyakazisa okuphindaphindiwe, ukomisa ngezigaba ezimbili ku-150 kanye ne-100 °C. Enkomishini — iphunga lezimbali noju, ukukhishwa okuphuzi-osawolintshi kanye nobumnandi obuhlala isikhathi eside; isifunda sifingqa isimilo sayo ngamagama amahlanu — lihlanzekile, linephunga elimnandi, limnandi, libushelelezi, lithambile.