---
title: "Xīngshān báichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xingshan-baicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xīngshān báichá (兴山白茶)

**I-Sinshan Baicha** (*Xīngshān báichá*, 兴山白茶) itiye eliluhlaza elisuka kuhlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo lwesifunda iSinshan (兴山县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseYichang, esifundazweni saseHubei. Igama elithi «baicha» egameni lesigaba alisho ukuthi: impahla eluhlaza ivela ezihlahleni zendawo ezinamahlamvu «albinistic», lapho amahlumela entwasahlobo akhanya emakhazeni, kodwa itiye lenziwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza. Yindlela echazwe kanjalo ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe ngo-2015 ngaphambi kokubhaliswa kwesimiso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo. Isifunda sisesifundeni seThree Gorges yoMfula iYangtze futhi sithathwa njengekhaya likaWang Zhaojun; igama lakhe manje seliqanjwe ngomkhiqizo wetiye wendawo — «Zhaojun Baicha» (昭君白茶).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*) elisuka kuhlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo. Ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kwango-2015 kusho ngqo ukuthi itiye lenziwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza (按照绿茶工艺制成), futhi idokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025 idinga ukugazingwa okuncane — okuyisinyathelo sohlelo lwetiye eliluhlaza, isinyathelo itiye elimhlophe elingenalo.
* **Ugibe lwegama:** «白茶» lapha umbala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo, njengase-Anji Baicha naseDazhu Baicha.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elisuka kuhlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo; isimiso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo (2015) kanye nomkhiqizo onesimiso sokukhomba indawo ohlwini lweCNIPA (2025).
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, *Húběi*), umasipala waseYichang (宜昌, *Yíchāng*), isifunda iSinshan (兴山, *Xīngshān*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amayunithi amathathu esifunda — amadolobhana aseShuiyuesi (水月寺镇) naseXiakou (峡口镇) kanye nesigodi saseGaoqiao (高桥乡). Imingcele inqunywe ngamaphuzu okugcina: empumalanga — iMaliangping (马粮坪) edolobhaneni laseShuiyuesi, eningizimu — iYezhuchi (野竹池) kulelo dolobhana, entshonalanga — iHejiaping (贺家坪) esigodini saseGaoqiao, enyakatho — iHongshuihe (洪水河) edolobhaneni laseShuiyuesi.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** 110°25′–111°09′ empumalanga, 31°08′–31°25′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Isihlahla esidala.** Ngeminyaka yawo-1990, edolobhaneni laseLongtan (龙潭村) esigodini saseGaoqiao kwatholakala isihlahla sasendle esidala setiye «elimhlophe». Ngokwephephandaba lezomnotho (经济日报, 2025), izihlahla ezinjalo zimbili ezweni lonke. Ukushicilelwa ngomkhiqizo wonyaka ofanayo kwengeza: isihlahla sineminyaka engu-358, esesibili sikhulela e-Anji (Zhejiang), kanti esaseSinshan saqanjwa ngokuthi «umuthi kamama weSinshan Baicha» (兴山白茶母本树). Ngo-2022 abezindaba babiza iminyaka engu-355 bekhomba ukuhlolwa kwe-Academy of Sciences; indlela imithombo ayiyichazi.
    * **2015.** Ngokombiko wephephabhuku i-Minsheng Zhoukan (民生周刊) ka-August 2015, igama ladlula ekuhlolweni kwenkundla kweziphathimandla zezolimo zesifundazwe nedolobha ukuze kubhaliswe isimiso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo. Leli itiye lesine lesifunda saseYichang elinesimiso esinjalo — ngemva kweDengcun Lücha, i-Yidu Yihongcha ([宜都宜红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yidu-yihong-cha)) neYuan'an Huangcha. Inombolo yesimiso — AGI01762.
    * **2023.** Ngo-December, iqembu i-Yicha (宜茶集团) lavula edolobhaneni lasePu'an (普安村) esigodini saseXiakou inkampani ekhuthaza umkhiqizo othi «Zhaojun Baicha».
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo seCNIPA № 640 sika-16 July igama langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enesimiso sokukhomba indawo; umfakisicelo — insevisi yemikhiqizo yendawo yesifunda (兴山县特产服务中心).
* **Igama:** «Sinshan» (兴山) igama lesifunda; «baicha» (白茶) — «itiye elimhlophe», ngokombala okhanyayo wamahlumela asentwasahlobo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** ISinshan ibizwa ngekhaya likaWang Zhaojun (王昭君), futhi isifunda sakha umkhiqizo wetiye waso ngaleli gama. Kusu lwesifunda, ngokushicilelwa kuka-2025, itiye lamahlamvu amhlophe liqala: «itiye elimhlophe elikhethekile, eliluhlaza elisezingeni, elibomvu elikhethekile» (精品白茶+优质绿茶+特色红茶). Indawo okwatholakala kuyo isihlahla esidala, isigodi saseGaoqiao, yenziwe indawo yokuvakasha.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Uhlobo:** Idokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025 ibiza uhlobo lwe-clone lweSinshan Baicha (兴山白茶无性系良种). Umbiko ka-2015 uthi uhlobo lwendawo lwetiye «elimhlophe», oluzwela emazingeni aphansi okushisa (低温敏感性白化茶地方变异良种). Iwebhusayithi yezimpahla ezikhethekile ibhala ngokuhlukile: ngo-2004 edolobhaneni laseMaliangping kwatshalwa uhlobo lwe-Anji Baicha lwaseZhejiang ukuhlola. Ukuthi uhlobo lwendawo nohlobo lwase-Anji zihlobana kanjani, imithombo ayikuchazi.
* **Izinga lokukha:** Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2025, kukhiwa ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa (一叶一心).
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Ngokwedokhumenti — kusukela ngo-10 March kuya ku-30 April, ngamaqoqo, ngemizuliswano eminingana. Ngo-2025 ukukha kwaqala ngo-25 March.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Intshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei, indawo yeThree Gorges yoMfula iYangtze. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2025 kuhlobanisa ukutshalwa kwetiye kwesifunda ne-microclimate yeThree Gorges.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwedokhumenti — **600–800 m**, imithambeka enelanga enokwehla okungaphezu kuka-25°.
* **Isimo sezulu kanye nomhlabathi:** Ngokwedokhumenti — izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngenhla kuka-15 °C, ubuncane obuphelele bungabi ngaphansi kuka-−8 °C, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajule ngenhla kwe-1 m, i-pH yomhlabathi 4,5–6,5.
* **Ukutshala nokunakekela:** Ngokwedokhumenti — izihlahla ezingama-33–45 ezinkulungwaneni ehekthareni, umquba ikakhulukazi wemvelo, izikhathi ezi-2–3 ngonyaka, kungabi ngaphezu kokwelashwa kathathu kwezinambuzane ngonyaka.
* **Indawo kanye nokukhiqiza:** Umbiko ka-2015 — ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 *mu* zetiye lamahlamvu amhlophe; iwebhusayithi yezimpahla ezikhethekile — amahekthare ayi-1400 kanye namathani angu-420 ngo-2015; ukushicilelwa kuka-2025 — izinkulungwane ezingama-25 *mu* kwezinkulungwane ezingama-65 *mu* zazo zonke izingadi zetiye zesifunda.
* **Ubumakhelwane:** Indawo yaseSinshan iyingxenye nasendaweni yetiye elibomvu laseYichang (宜昌宜红). Emhlabathini owodwa kusebenza ngokusemthethweni amagama amabili emikhiqizo ehlukene.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Idokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025 ichaza ukucutshungulwa ngomugqa owodwa: ukubola isikhathi eside kweqabunga elisha, ukugazinga okuncane nokusontwa okuncane, ukomiswa isikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi ngezigaba eziningana (长摊青，轻炒轻揉，低温长烘，多次烘干). Amazinga okushisa nesikhathi awakunikezi. Izincazelo zezigaba ezingezansi ziwuhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo.

1.  **Ukubola kweqabunga elisha (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Ngokwedokhumenti — isikhathi eside. Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
2.  **Ukulungiswa ngokugazinga (炒, *chǎo*):** Ngokwedokhumenti — okuncane. Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusontwa (揉, *róu*):** Ngokwedokhumenti — okuncane.
4.  **Ukomiswa (烘干, *hōnggān*):** Ngokwedokhumenti — isikhathi eside, ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ngezigaba eziningana.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Idokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025 kanye nencazelo yomkhiqizo (2025) azivumelani, ngakho zombili zinikeziwe.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ngokwedokhumenti — imicu elinganayo, ephelele, eluhlaza ecwebezelayo (条索匀齐、完整，色泽绿润). Encazelweni yomkhiqizo — eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephuzi (翠绿间黄).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okuthambile, nobumnandi (鲜醇、甘爽); encazelweni yomkhiqizo — okusha nobumnandi (鲜爽甘甜).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Ngokwedokhumenti — oluhlaza okotshani obuncane, okukhanyayo (嫩绿明亮); encazelweni yomkhiqizo — ophuzi wehansi, okusobala (鹅黄透亮).
* **Izindle zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Ngokwedokhumenti — eliphelele, elinombala wejade (完整、显玉色); encazelweni yomkhiqizo — omhlophe wejade nemithambo eluhlaza (玉白脉绿).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izinga ledokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025:

| Inkomba | Izinga |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | kungabi ngaphansi kuka-35 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | kungabi ngaphansi kuka-12 % |
| Ama-amino acid amahhala | kungabi ngaphansi kuka-3,5 % |

Umbiko ka-2015 ubiza okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid ngo-6,5 % — ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza — nama-polyphenol aphindwe kabili ngaphansi kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2025 kubhala ngokudlula ngokuphindwe kane noma kahlanu. Indlela imithombo ayiyichazi.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokuphisa.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Kanye Namanga:**

Awekho amanani entengo wetiye eliqediwe emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2025, iqabunga elisha ngosuku lokuqala lokukha lathengwa ngo-100 yuan nge-jin, kanti abakhi bakhokhelwa ama-yuan angama-30 nge-jin eyakhiwe.

* **Ukwagwema amanga:**
    * Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onesimiso sokukhomba indawo (ilungelo lalo liqinisekiswa yi-CNIPA) futhi uhlole ukuthi impahla eluhlaza ivela emadolobhaneni aseShuiyuesi naseXiakou noma esigodini saseGaoqiao.
    * Khumbula ukuthi ngokwamadokhumenti leli itiye eliluhlaza, hhayi elimhlophe ngobuchwepheshe.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Amathathu kwamane amaphuzu okugcina endawo yesimiso asedolobhaneni elilodwa — iShuiyuesi.
* Iphuzu lokugcina elisempumalanga lendawo, iMaliangping, liyisingadi eyinkulungwane *mu*, okuthi, ngokushicilelwa kuka-2025, yamukele izivakashi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi ngonyaka.
* Umuthi kamama, ngokwemibiko, ungomunye wemibili ezweni lonke; owesibili ukhula e-Anji.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **I-Anji Baicha ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anji-baicha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza elisuka kuhlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo lwaseZhejiang, elidume kakhulu kulolu chungechunge. Uhlobo lweSinshan Baicha amadokhumenti alubiza ngolwendawo (isigaba 3).
* **I-Dengcun Lücha ([邓村绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dengcun-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme lesifunda saseYichang, esinye sezimpawu ezintathu zokuqala zesifunda.
* **I-Yuan'an Huangcha ([远安黄茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yuanan-huangcha)):** Itiye lesifunda esifanayo, eliphuzi ngobuchwepheshe, elinokubhibhiza.
* **I-Yihong Gongfu ([宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu laseYichang; indawo yalo ihlanganisa neSinshan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Sinshan Baicha itiye eliluhlaza elinegama elikhohlisayo: «mhlophe» ilenziwa, ngokwamadokhumenti, uhlobo lwendawo, lapho amahlumela entwasahlobo akhanya emakhazeni, hhayi ubuchwepheshe. Idokhumenti yeCNIPA ka-2025 ibeka uhlobo lwe-clone, ukuphakama okungu-600–800 m, ukukha kusukela ngo-10 March kuya ku-30 April, ukugazinga okuncane nokomiswa isikhathi eside, amazinga ama-amino acid nama-polyphenol kanye nendawo emayunithini amathathu esifunda. Okunye — izincazelo zomkhiqizo othi «Zhaojun Baicha», futhi ezinombolweni zama-amino acid azivumelani phakathi kwazo.