---
title: "Xīngǎng hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xingang-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xīngǎng hóngchá (新岗红茶)

**ISinqgang Hongcha** (*Xīngǎng hóngchá*, 新岗红茶) — itiye elibomvu lasedolobhaneni lase-Qiashui (洽水镇) esifundeni sase-Huaiji (怀集县) esifundeni sikaMasipala waseZhaoqing enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong. Inhliziyo yokukhiqizwa — ihlathi likahulumeni lase-Xingang ngaphansi kwe-Dachouding, indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda, engu-1626 m. Kwezobuchwepheshe kunezinqubo eziyishumi nanye, futhi ezimbili zazo — ukusonga ngendwangu kanye nokugazinga ukuze kutholeke iphunga elimnandi — zithathwe esikoleni se-oolong; ukumnika kuphuma kunephunga elicacile lezimbali nezithelo. Kusukela ngo-2018 itiye livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo, kanti i-Qiashui ngokwayo imithombo yezindaba yendawo ikubiza ngokuthi ngelinye lamadolobhana etiye ayishumi ase-Guangdong.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*); isigaba sivezwe egameni, kanti i-«Minsheng zhoukan» ikubiza ngokuqondile ngetiye eligcwele ukuvutshelwa (全发酵茶).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lasezintabeni lase-Guangdong; umkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo (2018).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), isifunda sikaMasipala waseZhaoqing (肇庆, *Zhàoqìng*), isifunda sase-Huaiji (怀集县, *Huáijí Xiàn*), idolobhana lase-Qiashui (洽水镇, *Qiàshuǐ Zhèn*). Indawo evikelwe — **indawo yokuphatha yamanje yedolobhana lase-Qiashui**.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Huaiji — cishe u-23.9° N no-112.2° E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Idolobhana lase-Chayan.** Ngokwenganekwane yendawo, exoxwa kabusha umthombo wezindaba wendawo, emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule enyakatho ye-Qiashui kwakunedolobhana lase-Chayan (茶岩村, «idwala letiye»), elizungezwe izintaba ezigcwele itiye lasendle. Izakhamuzi zaziphila ngetiye: zazikhetha izihlahla ezinhle kakhulu futhi zizitshala. Imibhalo mayelana nokuqala kokutshalwa kwetiye emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
    * **IXianfeng — itiye lebutho.** Ngokwe-«Huaiji County Chronicle» (《怀集县志》) ekulandiseni kwawo lo mthombo, ngenyanga yeshumi yonyaka wesishiyagalolunye we-Xianfeng ibutho lamaTaiping langena e-Huaiji, lamisa ikamu edolobhaneni lase-Chayan futhi laqoqa itiye kulo lebutho.
    * **1956 — ihlathi likahulumeni.** Ngokwawo lo mthombo, iziphathimandla zaseZhaoqing zabela indawo yase-Xingang ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zama-mu futhi zasungula ihlathi likahulumeni lase-Xingang. Kuleyo ndawo, ngosizo lwemali yakwamanye amazwe, kwasungulwa inkampani yezolimo eyathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bendawo futhi ikhiqiza itiye elibomvu lase-Xingang kanye ne-oolong yohlobo lwe-dongding (冻顶). Ekuqaleni kwezinguquko, kubhala lo mthombo, i-Xingang Hongcha yayisaziwa.
    * **2016–2017 — imiklomelo.** Ngokwemininingwane yomthombo wezindaba wendawo, ngo-2016 itiye lathola isitifiketi somkhiqizo oluhlaza (绿色食品) kanye negolide emncintiswaneni wasekwindla wamatiye adumile ase-Guangdong esigabeni setiye elibomvu, ngo-2017 — isiliva emncintiswaneni wasentwasahlobo kanye nesiqu sokuba ngumkhiqizo odumile wesifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东省名牌产品).
    * **2018.** Ngesimemezelo sika-2018 No. 31 sango-6 Mashi i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) yathatha i-Xingang Hongcha yayivikela njengomkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo.
    * **2020.** Ngesimemezelo se-CNIPA No. 356 abakhiqizi ababili bavunyelwa ukusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo we-GI.
* **Igama:**
    * «Xingang» (新岗) — ngokwezwi nezwi «igquma elisha», igama lendawo nehlathi likahulumeni.
    * «Hongcha» (红茶, *hóngchá*) — «itiye elibomvu».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ku-Huaiji i-Xingang — ikhadi lokuvakasha letiye: idolobhana lase-Qiashui imithombo yezindaba yendawo ikufaka phakathi kwamadolobhana etiye ayishumi ase-Guangdong, kanti itiye elibomvu isifunda siyakhuthaza njengomunye wemikhiqizo yaso eyisithupha enesikhombo sendawo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Izinhlobo ngokombhalo wokuvikela emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Iphephandaba i-«Nanfang» libhala nge-Xingang Hongcha njenge-«oolong yasezintabeni eziphakeme ye-qingxin» (青心乌龙), okungase kukhombe uhlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe; isiqinisekiso emibhalweni emithonjeni etholakele asikho. Isigaba setiye lesi sitatimende asisishintshi: igama nobuchwepheshe — kwetiye elibomvu.
* **Ukuvunwa:** Izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele azikasho. Umagazini i-«Minsheng zhoukan» udlulisela umthetho wendawo wokuvuna — «kusenesikhathi, ngobumnene, njalo» (早、嫩、勤).
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ihlumela elineqabunga (一芽一叶); ngokwe-«Minsheng zhoukan» — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili.
* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Imvelaphi evela edolobhaneni lase-Qiashui.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** I-Qiashui isenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda sase-Huaiji, emhlabeni wedolobhana kukhona i-Dachouding (大稠顶, 1626 m), indawo ephakeme kakhulu yase-Zhaoqing. Indawo iyizintaba, ezinesitebhisi. Indawo eyinhloko — ipulazi lase-Xingang — iphephandaba i-«Nanfang» liyichaza njengendawo lapho unyaka wonke kugcwele amafu nenkungu, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa asemini nasebusuku kanye nemvula eningi.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** I-«Nanfang» ibhala ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela ekuphakameni okusuka ku-600 m, i-«Minsheng zhoukan» — ngezingadi ezingaphezu kuka-800 m. Izinombolo emibhalweni yokuvikela emithonjeni etholakele azikho.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezincazelo zendawo, ivundile; uhlobo lwenhlabathi emithonjeni etholakele alukho.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Sifudumele futhi sinomswakama; izinombolo zesimo sezulu emithonjeni etholakele azikho.
* **Indawo:** Imininingwane iyashiyana. Ngokomthombo wezindaba wendawo ka-2020, itiye, liqale endaweni yase-Xingang, lasakazekela kulo lonke idolobhana, futhi lingaphezu kuka-8000 mu; i-«Minsheng zhoukan» ngo-2025 ibiza indawo engaphansi kwetiye lase-Xingang ngo-1000 mu. Ukuthi umthombo ngamunye ubala yiphi indawo, emibhalweni etholakele akucacisiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izinyathelo eziyishumi nanye, ngokwencazelo yemithombo yendawo:

* **Ukuvuna (采摘 — *cǎizhāi*):** Ihlumela elineqabunga.
* **Ukubuna elangeni (日光萎凋 — *rìguāng wěidiāo*).**
* **Ukubuna endlini (室内萎凋 — *shìnèi wěidiāo*).**
* **Ukusonga nokubumba (揉捻做形 — *róuniǎn zuòxíng*).**
* **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵 — *fājiào*).**
* **Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘 — *chūhōng*).**
* **Ukusonga ngendwangu nokubumba (包揉整形 — *bāoróu zhěngxíng*):** Indlela yesikole se-oolong: iqabunga lisongwa ngendwangu futhi ligingqwe, kuqinisa ukusongeka.
* **Ukomiswa okuphindwayo (复烘 — *fùhōng*).**
* **Ukuqinisa isimo (定型 — *dìngxíng*).**
* **Ukomiswa (干燥 — *gānzào*).**
* **Ukugazinga ukuze kutholeke iphunga (焙火提香 — *bèihuǒ tíxiāng*):** Futhi indlela yesikole se-oolong.

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi emithonjeni etholakele azikho.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ukusongeka okuqinile (条索紧结), kumnyama, kucwebezela ngamafutha (乌润油亮).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Incazelo ehlukile ayikho.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Licacile lezimbali nezithelo (花果香明显); i-«Minsheng zhoukan» liyiqhathanisa nezimbali noju.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okumnene futhi okunoshukela, nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside (滋味鲜爽嫩甜，回甘持久).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Kunsundu-bomvu, kukhanya (汤色棕红明亮).
* **Igqabi letiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Incazelo ehlukile ayikho.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Imibhalo yokukhangisa yendawo ikhuluma ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-anthocyanins, kodwa indlela nezinombolo ayizinikezi; lokhu akunakuthathwa njengokuqinisekisiwe.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwawo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Izincomo ezihlukile ze-Xingang Hongcha emithonjeni etholakele azikho; ngezansi — amapharamitha avamile etiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g ngo-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain noma i-teapot — ukuze ubone umbala wokuphisa.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
    2. Ukubeka itiye.
    3. Ukumanzisa kafushane iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uyawachitha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30 ku-gaiwan.
    5. Ukuthela ngokuphelele.
    6. Ukuphisa okuphindwayo ngokwengeza imizuzwana engu-10–15.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Isiqandisi asidingeki.

**11. Intengo kanye Namafekhisi:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema amafekhisi:**
    * Bheka emaphaketheni uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo we-GI; ngokwesimemezelo se-CNIPA sika-2020 ilungelo lokulusebenzisa linikezwe abakhiqizi ababili.
    * Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi usedolobhaneni lase-Qiashui: indawo evikelwe — yilo kuphela.
    * Iqabunga — ukusongeka okumnyama okucwebezelayo okuqinile; iphunga — elicacile lezimbali nezithelo.
    * Ukuphisa — kunsundu-bomvu futhi kukhanya.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ezinqubweni eziyishumi nanye ezimbili — ukusonga ngendwangu nokugazinga ukuze kutholeke iphunga — zivela esikoleni se-oolong.
* Izingadi zimi ngaphansi kwe-Dachouding, indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda sase-Zhaoqing.
* Ihlathi likahulumeni, emhlabeni walo okukhula itiye, ngokomthombo wezindaba wendawo, lasungulwa ngo-1956.
* Isifunda sase-Huaiji sinemikhiqizo eyisithupha enesikhombo sendawo; itiye elibomvu — ngomunye wabo.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu:**

* **I-Huaiji Hongcha ([怀集红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huaiji-hongcha)):** Ukubukwa okubanzi kwamatiye abomvu esifunda sonke sase-Huaiji; i-Xingang — igama elivikelwe ledolobhana elilodwa ngaphakathi kwaso.
* **I-Yingde Hongcha ([英德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yingde-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu elidumile lase-Guangdong elivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu; i-Xingang — itiye elibomvu lasezintabeni elivela ehlathini likahulumeni elinezindlela ze-oolong kwezobuchwepheshe.
* **I-Qimen Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** I-gongfu-hong yakudala yase-Anhui; esinye isifundazwe nesinye isikole sokucubungula.
* **I-Dianhong ([滇红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong)):** Itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu; olunye uhlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xingang Hongcha — itiye elibomvu lasezintabeni lase-Guangdong elinobuchwepheshe obungajwayelekile, lapho uhlelo lwetiye elibomvu lwengezelwa ngezindlela ezimbili ze-oolong. Ingadi ngaphansi kwentaba ephakeme kakhulu yase-Zhaoqing, inkungu nokugingqwa ngendwangu kunikeza ukusongeka okumnyama okuqinile, iphunga elicacile lezimbali nezithelo kanye nokunambitheka okusha okumnene okunoshukela. Indawo evikelwe — idolobhana elilodwa, futhi leli yitiye elaziwa ngendawo yalo.