---
title: "Xījiàn chūnxuě"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xijian-chunxue
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xījiàn chūnxuě (西涧春雪)

**I-Xījiàn Chūnxuě** (*Xījiàn chūnxuě*, 西涧春雪) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasedolobheni lase-Shījí (施集镇) esifundeni sase-Nánqiáo edolobheni lase-Chúzhōu empumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Ānhuī. Igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi "iqhwa lasentwasahlobo lomfudlana oseNtshonalanga": "uMfudlana oseNtshonalanga" libhekisela enkondlweni yembongi yaseTang u-Wéi Yìngwù (韦应物), "iqhwa" libhekisela eboyeni obumhlophe obukhulu. Iqabunga liqondile futhi liyisicaba, linoboya; iphunga limsulwa futhi liphakeme, linenothi lezimbali. Itiye elisanda kwakhiwa (isichazamazwi sisho unyaka ka-1989), kusukela ngo-2020 livikelwe njengenkombandlela yezolimo yendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo ye-CNIPA.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Isichazamazwi setiye lisibeka phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba okugazinga okuxubile nokomiswa (扁形烘炒绿茶).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elinenkombandlela yendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Ānhuī (安徽, *Ānhuī*), idolobha lase-Chúzhōu (滁州, *Chúzhōu*), isifunda sase-Nánqiáo (南谯区, *Nánqiáo*), idolobha lase-Shījí.
* **Indawo yokuvikela:** Ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA zika-2025, amadolobhana nemiphakathi eyishumi yasedolobheni lase-Shījí: 花山, 丰山, 杨饭店, 明张, 井楠, 孙岗, 李集, 大林, umphakathi wase-Shījí kanye nomphakathi wase-Lǐjí. Umfakisicelo yinhlangano yemboni yetiye yase-Chúzhōu. Ikhathalogi yezinkombandlela zendawo ibiza indawo yonke yesifunda sase-Nánqiáo; ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene namuphi umqulu, akukwazanga ukuqinisekiswa.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 118°14′6″–118°16′30″ E, 32°18′55″–32°19′37″ N (ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA).

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Ngokwekholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha lwedolobha, ngenkathi ye-Yuan umphathi wesigodlo sase-Mító (弥陀寺) entabeni i-Huángfǔ, indela u-Shènzhēn (慎真), waletha imbewu yetiye evela e-Sìchuān nase-Guìzhōu (川贵); kamuva itiye kuthiwa laba yintela ngaphansi kombusi u-Hóngwǔ ngaphansi kwegama elithi "南谯贡茶". Ummeleli wesifunda engxoxweni ka-2025 ukhuphula umlando wetiye emuva e-Song, nesimo sentela emuva e-Ming. Izingcaphuno eziyireferensi zilandisa inganekwane ngendlela ehlukile: imbewu ngenkathi ye-Song yalethwa umphathi wesigodlo esifanayo u-Wùzhēn (悟真), kanti u-Zhū Yuánzhāng, ngemva kokunambitha itiye, kuthiwa wabeka intela yamakhilogremu angu-200 ngonyaka. Ukuthi zingaki izihlahla ezindala ezasinda eduze kwesigodlo, nakho kushiwo ngendlela ehlukile: ikholomu isho cishe inkulungwane yeminyaka eyikhulu, izingcaphuno zisho ngaphezu kwenkulungwane. Imibhalo eqinisekisa noma iyiphi inguqulo ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe.
    * **Ukudala.** Isichazamazwi setiye sisho unyaka wokwakhiwa njengo-1989. Izingcaphuno eziyireferensi zibhala ngo-1991: itiye, ngokusho kwazo, ladalwa ngochwepheshe beqembu lase-Chúzhōu lokuthuthukisa amatiye aziwayo, likhiqizwa epulazini lehlathi lase-Huángfǔ (皇甫山林场), kanti umanduleli walo ubizwa ngokuthi "南谯贡茶".
    * **Imiklomelo.** Ngokusho kommeleli wesifunda, ngo-1992 itiye lathola isicoco setiye elaziwayo sesifundazwe sase-Ānhuī, ngemva kwalokho indondo yethusi ye-China Agricultural Exhibition. Ikholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha yengeza umklomelo wesibili womncintiswano wokuqala we-"Zhōngchá bēi" (中茶杯). Izingcaphuno eziyireferensi zibeka isicoco setiye elaziwayo lesifundazwe nendondo yethusi ngonyaka ka-1993, nomklomelo we-"Zhōngchá bēi" ngo-1994.
    * **2020.** NgoDisemba, ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokulungiselela, itiye labhaliswa njengenkombandlela yezolimo yendawo; ikhathalogi yezinkombandlela inikeza inombolo yesitifiketi AGI03151.
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 632 (esasayinwa ngomhla ka-9 Juni, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-27 Juni) i-Xījiàn Chūnxuě yaqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo; ngesimemezelo № 633 (esashicilelwa ngomhla ka-7 Julayi) abakhiqizi bayo bavunyelwa uphawu olukhethekile.
* **Igama:** Igama lithathwe enkondlweni ka-Wéi Yìngwù "Umfudlana oseNtshonalanga e-Chúzhōu" (《滁州西涧》). Umugqa othi «春潮带雨晚来急» "igagasi lasentwasahlobo nemvula kusihlwa liyashesha" unikeze igama lesimo sezwe "西涧春潮", esinye sezinto eziyishumi nambili zokubukwa zase-Chúzhōu. "Intwasahlobo" egameni isho isikhathi sokukha, "iqhwa" isho uboya obumhlophe; ummeleli wesifunda engxoxweni ka-2025 wengeza ukuthi ukuvuna kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesinye isikhathi kuhlangana neqhwa lasentwasahlobo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** E-Chúzhōu kuba nomncintiswano wokwenza itiye ngesandla "I-Xījiàn Chūnxuě Cup".

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA, i-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶, *Fúdǐng dàbáichá*), inani labantu base-Huángshān (黄山[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezifanele. Inganekwane ngembewu evela e-Sìchuān nase-Guìzhōu ayisho uhlobo.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinga lokukha:** Ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA:
    * ibanga eliphezulu (特级) ihlumela elinamaqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka, ubude behlumela cishe bu-2.5 cm;
    * ibanga lokuqala ikakhulukazi ihlumela elineqabunga elivuleke kancane;
    * ibanga lesibili ikakhulukazi ihlumela elineqabunga elivulekile;
    * ibanga lesithathu ikakhulukazi ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili asanda kuvuleka.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Kusukela ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng kuya e-Gǔyǔ.
* **Izinhlobo ezintsha:** Ngokusho kommeleli wesifunda (2025), isifunda kanye ne-Tea Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences basungule isizinda sokugcina nokubonisa i-gene pool futhi baletha izinhlobo ezintsha ezingama-29 ezikhiqiza kakhulu; lokhu kushiwo ngetiye lesifunda lilonke.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Indawo enamagquma ye-water divide yase-Yángzǐ ne-Huái Hé (江淮分水岭) emaphethelweni asentshonalanga entaba i-Lángyá (琅琊山), phakathi kuka-32° no-33° N. Ikholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha yase-Chúzhōu ibiza umnyombo womkhiqizo ngokuthi idolobha lase-Shījí kanye nentaba i-Huángfǔ (皇甫山).
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokusho kommeleli wesifunda, simnene, sinemvula eningi kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku. Izinombolo eziqondile zesimo sezulu ezivela emthonjeni wokuqala azikho ezintweni ezitholiwe.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA, i-sandy loam ku-quartz keratophyre naku-phyllite, idonsa kahle amanzi, i-pH ngokwesilinganiso i-5.5, ungqimba alukho ngaphansi kuka-60 cm, izinto eziphilayo ziningi impela. Uhlobo lwezokuvakasha lwase-Chúzhōu lusho okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo okungu-1.2–2.5 %.
* **Izingadi:** Izimfuneko ze-CNIPA zibeka ukuhlanganisa itiye nehlathi (茶林间作). Ikholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha ibhala ukuthi izingadi zikhelene nezinsimu ze-chestnut.
* **Ukuphakama:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izimfuneko ze-CNIPA zibeka uhlelo olungenazo izilinganiso: ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*) → ukulungisa nokubumba (理条整形) → ukuphakamisa uboya nokuqinisa isimo (提毫定形) → ukomisa kokuqala → ukomisa okuphindwe kabili. Amazinga okushisa nesikhathi awakho emithonjeni etholiwe.

1.  **Ukuhlukanisa izinto zokusetshenziswa.** Ngokombiko wohlelo lwezokuvakasha, kusukela eqabungeni elisha kuqala kukhethwa ukungcola.
2.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).** Izinga lokushisa alikho emithonjeni etholiwe.
3.  **Ukulungisa nokubumba (理条, *lǐtiáo*).** Lapha iqabunga lithola isimo esiqondile nesicaba.
4.  **Ukuphakamisa uboya nokuqinisa isimo (提毫定形, *tíháo dìngxíng*).** Lesi sigaba sibizwa kanjalo ezimfunekweni; imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe.
5.  **Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, *chūhōng*).** Ngokombiko, kuqala ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, bese kuba eliphansi.
6.  **Ukomisa okuphindwe kabili (复烘, *fùhōng*).** Kancane, ngomlilo omncane.

Iziphathimandla zesifunda zichaza umthetho wetiye lesifunda lilonke ngefomula ethi "ukuvuna ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng, ukukhiqiza ngosuku olufanayo".

Izingcaphuno eziyireferensi zengeza ukuthi ibanga eliphezulu lenziwa ngesandla, kanti ibanga lokuqala kuya kwelesithathu lenziwa ngomshini. Ukukhiqiza bakuchaza kafushane ngezigaba ezimbili: ukulungisa, ekupheleni kwakho iqabunga linikezwa isimo, nokomisa kabili (毛烘, 复焙).

**6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:**

Incazelo ngokwezimfuneko ze-CNIPA:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Liqondile, liyisicaba futhi licindezelwe, lilingana futhi liqinile, liluhlaza ngokucwebezela futhi linoboya (扁直平伏，匀齐壮实，绿润带毫).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Incazelo ehlukile ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lide, linenothi lezimbali (清香高长带花香). Imibiko iphawula iphunga eliphezulu le-"chestnut" (板栗香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele futhi kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味醇厚回甘). Isichazamazwi setiye sibiza ukunambitheka ngokuthi kusha futhi kuvuselelayo.
* **Umbala wotshala:** Uluhlaza okotshani futhi ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
* **Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Lilingana, livuleka "njengembali", liluhlaza futhi likhanya (叶底匀成朵绿亮).

Izingcaphuno eziyireferensi zichaza ibanga eliphezulu kanje: amahlumela agcwele, iqabunga ligona ihlumela, liqondile futhi licindezelwe kancane, uboya "bunjengeqhwa"; iphunga liphakeme, linenothi lezimbali, utshala lukhanya futhi lucwebile, iqabunga eliphisiwe lingamahlumela aphelele aluhlaza okotshani.

Izici ezikhethekile izimfuneko zizifingqa ngefomula ethi «形秀色翠带白毫，味醇香清露花香»: isimo esihle, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noboya obumhlophe, ukunambitheka okuthambile, iphunga elihlanzekile elinenothi lezimbali. Ikholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha ibiza izici eziyinhloko ngokuthi iphunga eliphezulu, ubumnandi obuthambile kanye nokumelana nokuphuzwa kaningi, kanti ukubukeka kukuthatha njengokuthobekile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izindinganiso zezimfuneko ze-CNIPA: umswakama awukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, i-extract yamanzi ayikho ngaphansi kuka-38 %, ama-amino acid awakho ngaphansi kuka-2.5 %, i-tea polyphenols ayikho ngaphansi kuka-16 %. Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kwamaqoqo athile.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza: emibhalweni imininingwane yamazinga ayikho.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi, lapho kuyabonakala ukuthi iqabunga livuleka "njengembali".
* **Inqubo:** Ukufudumeza isitsha, ukubeka itiye, ukuthela amanzi odongeni; utshala bokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60; phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshala, bese uthelela futhi kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Namanga:**

Imininingwane ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe. Ngokusho kommeleli wesifunda (2025), e-Nánqiáo kunezingadi zetiye ezingama-38,000 mu kanye namathani acishe abe ngu-1220 etiye elomile ngonyaka, lokhu kuyitiye lonke lesifunda, kuhlanganise ne-Shījí Máofēng (施集[毛峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maofengcha)) ne-Shījí Hōngqīng (施集烘青), hhayi i-Xījiàn Chūnxuě kuphela. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile, ngokwamazwi afanayo, uthuthukiswa yizinkampani ezinkulu eziyisithupha ezinophawu olufanayo nokupakisha, kanti itiye liletha imali engenayo emindenini engaphezu kuka-3000 yabalimi betiye. Isichazamazwi setiye sibiza imakethe eyinhloko yetiye ngokuthi i-Chúzhōu, i-Nánjīng ne-Bèngbù.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emangeni:**
    * Funani uphawu olukhethekile lwenkombandlela yendawo; abakhiqizi abavunyelwe babhalwa esimemezelweni se-CNIPA № 633.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye livela edolobheni lase-Shījí esifundeni sase-Nánqiáo.
    * Iqabunga liqondile, liyisicaba, licindezelwe, liluhlaza noboya obumhlophe; iqabunga eliphisiwe livuleka "njengembali".
    * Esichazamazwini setiye eduze kukhona i-athikili ethi «西涧雪芽», igama elifanayo, kodwa itiye elihlukile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Itiye liqanjwe ngenkondlo ka-Wéi Yìngwù; uhlelo lwezokuvakasha lwase-Chúzhōu lukhumbuza ukuthi imbongi yabhala nangetiye uqobo, enkondlweni ethi «喜园中茶生».
* Ikholomu yohlelo lwezokuvakasha ibhala ukuthi imithambeka lapho kukhula khona leli tiye iyindawo yokuzalwa ye-chrysanthemum yase-Chúzhōu (滁州贡菊), okuyibiza ngokuthi owokuqala kuma-chrysanthemum amane adumile ezwe lonke.
* Impahla ka-2025 ngetiye lesifunda iphetha ngefomula yokukhangisa ethi "itiye lokuqala enyakatho ye-Yángzǐ" (江北第一茶), lona umgomo okhulunywa yisifunda, hhayi isicoco esinikeziwe.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba ase-Ānhuī:**

* **Dūdū Cuìmíng ([都督翠茗](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dudu-cuiming)):** Itiye eliyisicaba lentaba i-Dūdū eduze kwechibi i-Cháohú; liqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo ngesimemezelo esifanayo se-CNIPA № 632.
* **Huánghuā Yúnjiān ([黄花云尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huanghua-yunjian)):** Itiye eliqondile eliyisicaba elinoboya lase-Níngguó, lisuka esimemezelweni esifanayo.
* **Lóngchí Xiāngjiān ([龙池香尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/longchi-xiangjian)):** Itiye eliyisicaba lesifunda sase-Huáiníng, "njengengaphambili lomkhonto".
* **Tiānzhù Jiàn Háo ([天柱剑毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianzhu-jian-hao)):** Itiye eliyisicaba "elime njengenkemba" lentaba i-Tiānzhù elinoboya obukhulu.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xījiàn Chūnxuě itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lamagquma ase-Chúzhōu, eliqanjwe ngomugqa wenkondlo yaseTang: iqabunga eliqondile elinoboya obumhlophe, iphunga elihlanzekile neliphezulu elinenothi lezimbali, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokubuya okumnandi kanye neqabunga elivuleka "njengembali". Izinganekwane ngalo ziyahluka, kodwa izindinganiso zika-2025 zicacile: indawo emadolobhaneni ayishumi, izinhlobo ze-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá kanye nenani labantu base-Huángshān, i-extract yamanzi ayikho ngaphansi kuka-38 %.