---
title: "Xiàogǎn lóngjiàn chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiaogan-longjian-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xiàogǎn lóngjiàn chá (孝感龙剑茶)

**I-Xiaogan Longjian Cha** (*Xiàogǎn lóngjiàn chá*, 孝感龙剑茶) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba eligazingwe ebhodweni lomphakathi wedolobha i-Xiaogan (孝感市) esifundazweni sase-Hubei, lisuka ezintabeni eziphansi nasemagqumeni okhahlamba lwase-Dabie enyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze. Igama lisho “inkemba kadrako,” futhi umthetho uchaza iqabunga kanjena: liyisicaba futhi liqondile, njengenkemba. Inganekwane ibuyisela itiye lase-Xiaogan emuva ezikhathini zika-Ming no-Qing, kanti ochwepheshe bachaza ukuthi uphawu lwakhula ezivivinyweni zobuchwepheshe be-Xi Hu Long Jing kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980. Isiqinisekiso sezolimo sendawo — kusukela ngo-2012, umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo — kusukela ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*) eligazingwe ebhodweni (炒青, *chǎoqīng*). Umthetho ulibiza ngo-“itiye eliluhlaza lobuciko” (工艺绿茶) — itiye eliluhlaza elibunjiwe elinezidingo eziqinile zokucubungula, kokubili okomshini nokwezandla.
* **Isigaba:** Isiqinisekiso sezolimo sendawo (2012, isitifiketi AGI01032); umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo (2025).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), umphakathi wedolobha i-Xiaogan (孝感, *Xiàogǎn*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokomthetho kanye nesaziso № 640 — izifunda eziyisithupha, amadolobha kanye nezifunda zomphakathi: i-Dawu (大悟), i-Xiaochang (孝昌), i-Xiaonan (孝南), i-Yingcheng (应城), i-Anlu (安陆) ne-Shuangfeng (双峰), kanti kuzo kukhona amalokishi nezifunda eziyishumi nesithupha ezibaluliwe — phakathi kwazo i-Sanlicheng, i-Xuanhua, i-Zhouxiang, i-Yangdian ne-Zougang — “nabanye.” Enyakatho-mpumalanga indawo inomngcele ne-Wuhan, enyakatho ino-Xinyang.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 113°19′–114°06′ empumalanga, 30°42′–31°29′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Ngokomthetho, umbusi u-Qianlong ngesikhathi sohambo lwakhe lwaseningizimu kuthiwa wazama itiye lase-Xiaogan futhi wabhala umugqa othi “今日采茶我爱观，吴民生计勤自然”. Emugqeni uqobo kukhulunywa “ngabantu base-Wu” (吴民), hhayi nge-Xiaogan; ukuthi inganekwane yawuhlobanisa kanjani nomugqa netiye lendawo, imithombo ayikuchazi.
    * **Umlando obhaliwe.** Ngokomthetho, umlando wesifunda (孝感县志) wonyaka wesishiyagalombili ka-Guangxu (1882) uthi itiye lapha lalitshalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sika-Ming.
    * **Izinkondlo zika-Cheng Liangshou.** Umthetho ucaphuna inkondlo yomuntu wendawo u-Cheng Liangshou (程良寿) ethi “Ngizama itiye e-Guchengan” (古城俺试茶), eyabhalwa ngemva kokuhamba nokuphuza itiye e-Guchengan entabeni i-Shuangfengshan: “穿云寻古寺，带露摘新茶” — “nginqamula amafu ngifuna ithempeli lasendulo, ngikha itiye elisha emazolo.” “Kusukela lapho,” ngokwamazwi omthetho, kwavela “okungenakuqhathaniswa ngaphansi kwezulu” (天下一绝) i-Xiaogan Longjian Cha.
    * **Indaba yochwepheshe.** Umbhalo ovela kochwepheshe bendawo, owaphindwa yisayithi lokubhekisela ngemikhiqizo yendawo (2023), uveza isithombe esihlukile. Maphakathi nawo-1980 epulazini letiye e-Fenghuangshan (凤凰山茶场) bazama ubuchwepheshe be-Xi Hu Long Jing; i-“Xiaogan Longjing” (孝感[龙井茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/longjing-cha)) eyenziwe ngesandla yayinambitheka kahle, kodwa emiqhudelwaneni yesifundazwe ayizange ithole imiklomelo emikhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi ochwepheshe banquma ukuthi bangakopishi ubuchwepheshe babanye, kodwa basungule obabo ngokusekelwe kubo. Isisusa, ngokwombhalo ofanayo, saba ezomnotho: kuze kube ngawo-1990 umphakathi wawukhiqiza ikakhulu itiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe elivamile, futhi lalo lalihlulwa itiye lase-Yichang elingenisiwe — ukukhiwa ngesandla okukodwa e-Xiaogan kwakubiza kakhulu kunetiye lase-Yichang emakethe yendawo; amasimu ayekwa, kwezinye izindawo enyanyulwa ukuze kutshalwe izithelo nokusanhlamvu. Ngokuqhubekayo, ngokwamazwi ochwepheshe, isidingo sasuka etiyeni lomshini eliningi saya ku-Longjian Cha yesandla, bese kuba itiye elibizayo lokucubungula okuxubile, ngomshini nangesandla. Uma kulandelwa le ndaba, “inkemba kadrako” yakhiwa ngemva maphakathi nawo-1980, kuyilapho inganekwane ngo-Ming no-Qing ikhuluma ngetiye lase-Xiaogan jikelele.
    * **2012.** Ukubhaliswa kwesiqinisekiso sezolimo sendawo, isitifiketi AGI01032 — unyaka ngokwesizindalwazi seziqinisekiso zezolimo; umnikazi — isiteshi somphakathi sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo (孝感市农业技术推广总站). Isaziso sokubhaliswa — № 1870 sango-7 Disemba 2012.
    * **2025.** Ngesaziso № 640 (esayinwe zi-16 kuJulayi, sashicilelwa zi-13 ku-Agasti) i-State Intellectual Property Office yaqinisekisa imikhiqizo eyi-1409 enesiqinisekiso sendawo; i-Xiaogan Longjian Cha — umugqa 745, umfakisicelo — isikhungo sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo sase-Xiaogan.
* **Igama:** “i-Xiaogan” (孝感) — igama lomphakathi; “i-longjian” (龙剑) — “inkemba kadrako.” Ukuthi kungani kwakhethwa leli gama, umthetho awukuchazi, kodwa iqabunga elomile uliqhathanisa nenkemba (似刀剑).
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokomthetho, edolobheni kunamakhulu ezindawo zokuphuza itiye, futhi isiko letiye lahlangana nokuhlonipha abazali (孝, *xiào*).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Ayikho inhlobo yendawo. Umthetho udinga izinhlobo eziqinile, ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezithelayo, ezigunyazwe okungenani ezingeni lesifundazwe; njengamanje ikakhulukazi yilezi: i-福鼎大白茶 (*Fúdǐng dàbáichá*), i-鄂茶1号 (*Èchá 1*) ne-中茶108 (*Zhōngchá 108*).
* **Indinganiso yokukhiwa:** Umthetho wehlukanisa ukukhiwa ngokwentwasahlobo nokwekwindla futhi udinga ukukhiwa ngesandla “ngokuphakamisa isandla” (提手采): ihlumela neqabunga kuphelele, ngaphandle kwamaxolo, izithelo namahlumela amadala. Ngokwendaba yochwepheshe, bathatha ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elivulekayo, bekhipha amahlumela ansomi, amaqabunga “abhangqile” (对夹叶) neziqu.
* **Isikhathi sokukhiwa:** Ngokwendaba yochwepheshe — cishe ngesikhathi somkhosi we-Qingming (清明).

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** i-Hubei, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Wuhan nasenyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze: izintaba eziphansi namagquma okhahlamba lwase-Dabie (大别山).
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Isilinganiso singu-380 m (ngokomthetho).
* **Indawo:** amafu, inethiwekhi yemifudlana; amasimu akude namadolobha nezimboni. Ukuminyana kwehlathi ezisekelweni — 71–80 %.
* **Inhlabathi:** inhlabathi eyisihlabathi ephuzi-nsundu ejulile (黄棕砂壤土), i-pH 4,5–6; amasimu kudala evundiswa ngamakhoba wezithelo zikawoyela nomquba, inhlabathi inezinto eziphilayo eziningi.
* **Isimo sezulu:** isimo sezulu sezwekazi esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 15,8 °C, umswakama — 65–85 %, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-260, ukukhanya kwelanga — amahora ayi-1996,7, imvula — 1112 mm. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku ezindaweni zetiye — isilinganiso singu-10,6 °C.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokomthetho, indawo iyonke ingu-8910 km², kuyo okulungele itiye kungu-3 wezigidi zama-mu; amasimu angama-370 wezinkulungwane zama-mu, umkhiqizo — amathani angama-7124; unyaka wedatha awubaluliwe.
* **Ukutshala:** Ngokomthetho, isimu limiswa emithambekeni efinyelela ku-15°: kwenqamula umthambeka kumbiwa imisele engu-70×60 cm futhi kutshalwa ngemigqa emibili — umgqa obanzi phakathi kwemigqa u-1,0 m, omncane u-0,3 m, phakathi kwezihlahla u-0,2 m, izithombo ezintathu esihlahleni ngasinye, cishe izihlahla ezingama-5500 nge-mu ngayinye. Emaphethelweni ensimu nasezindaweni ezinomoya kutshalwa izihlahla zokuvikela noma zokusebenzisa.
* **Izindlela zokulima:** Imivundiso emibili ngonyaka: ezinsukwini ezingama-25–30 ngaphambi kokukhiwa nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba — amakhilogremu angama-200 omkhuba wezithelo zikawoyela namakhilogremu angama-1500 omquba nge-mu ngayinye. Ukuthenwa — kanye ngonyaka, ngemva kokukhiwa kwentwasahlobo. Ngokumelene nezinambuzane — izicupho zokukhanya nemithi yezinto eziphilayo; ezintweni zamakhemikhali umthetho ubiza i-imidacloprid ngokumelene ne-leafhopper. Ekupheleni kukaJuni inhlabathi iyambozwa ngotshani — cishe amakhilogremu ayi-1000 nge-mu ngayinye; ukuvunda kanye nezinsimbi ezinzima emhlabathini kuhlolwa kanye ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Indawo, umquba kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane — ngokwezindinganiso zomkhakha “womkhiqizo oluhlaza” NY/T 391-2000, NY/T 394-2000 kanye ne-NY/T 393-2000.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umthetho ubeka uchungechunge: ukukhiwa → ukuneka (摊青, *tānqīng*) → ukuqeda amagciwane ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*) → ukuqondisa (理条, *lǐtiáo*) → ukubumba (做形, *zuòxíng*) → ukomisa kokuqala → ukomisa ekugcineni ebhodweni (辉锅, *huīguō*) → ukukhetha → ukupakisha. Amapharamitha awekho kuwo; indlela yesandla — ngokwendaba yochwepheshe:

1.  **Ukuneka:** Iqabunga libunzwa kancane amahora ama-3–5.
2.  **Ibhodwe lokuqala (青锅):** Cishe ku-150 °C, ngamagremu angama-500 eqabunga; imizuzu eyi-1–2 liyanyakaziswa, bese ukushisa kwehliselwa ku-80–90 °C futhi iqabunga liqhutshwa lize lithambe futhi iphunga lotshani lishintshe libe iphunga elimsulwa. Libunjwa ku-80 °C; lapho iqabunga selibunjwe njengenkemba futhi selomile cishe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi, liyakhishwa.
3.  **Ukuphumula:** imizuzu engama-30–40 ngongqimba oluncane ngaphansi kwendwangu emhlophe, ukuze umswakama usabalale ngokulinganayo.
4.  **Ukomisa ekugcineni (辉锅):** Cishe ku-80 °C, ngamagremu angama-300 eqabunga, kuze kube umswakama cishe ngu-6 %, lapho iqabunga selihlikihlwa ngeminwe libe yimpushana.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Izidingo zomthetho wesiqinisekiso.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Liyisicaba, liqondile, njengenkemba, linombala we-emerald, lihlanzekile futhi lilingana (扁平挺直似刀剑，色泽翠绿，干净匀齐).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Iphunga le-castnut elihlala njalo (栗香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okuthambile nokuqabulayo (鲜醇爽口).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uluhlaza ngobumnene, obala futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈明亮).
* **Indawo yetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Luhlaza ngobumnene, likhanyayo, ihlumela neqabunga livuleka “njengembali” (芽叶成朵).

Esigabeni sobuchwepheshe umthetho ofanayo ubhala ngendlela ehlukile: iqabunga liluhlaza, linoboya obubonakalayo, iphunga — limnene noma limsulwa (嫩香或清香), hhayi le-castnut. Ukuthi kungani izincazelo zingafani, umbhalo awukuchazi.

**7. Ukuqanjwa Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zefiziksi namakhemikhali zomthetho:

| Isibonakaliso | Indinganiso |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ama-amino acid | okungenani 2,5 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo | okungenani 36,0 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | okungenani 6,5 % |
| Imvuthela | okungenani 5,0 % |
| I-cellulose eluhlaza | okungenani 14,0 % |
| Umswakama | okungenani 6,0 % |

Umthetho ubala i-selenium ne-zinc etiyeni ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Ukuphepha — ngokwezinga “lomkhiqizo oluhlaza” NY/T 288-2002. Lezi yizidingo, hhayi izilinganiso zeqoqo.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu ama-3 nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:** Itiye lokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60; phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala, bese uthelela kabusha — ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Namampunge:**

Ayikho idatha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema amampunge:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwesiqinisekiso sendawo kanye negama lomkhiqizo; ngokomthetho, lisetshenziswa abakhiqizi bendawo ngokwesivumelwano sonyaka nomnikazi.
    * Kusukela ngo-2025 kukhona nophawu lomkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo: umkhiqizi wendawo ufaka isicelo ehhovisi lomphakathi lempahla yobuhlakani, sihlolwa abaphathi besifundazwe sase-Hubei, sigunyazwa futhi sishicilelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezifunda eziyisithupha, amadolobha nezifunda zendawo.
    * Iqabunga — liyisicaba, liqondile, linombala we-emerald.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokwendaba yochwepheshe, umanduleli wophawu kwakuyi-“Xiaogan Longjing” yezandla (孝感龙井茶).
* Elokishini lase-Yangdian ngaphakathi kwendawo ipulazi lase-Chanchuan (浐川茶场), ngokweshicilelo lokubhekisela lika-2024, lenza “浐川龙剑茶”; ukuthi lingaphansi kwesiqinisekiso, imithombo ayikusho.
* Umthetho wenqabela umnikazi wesiqinisekiso ukuthi akhokhise imali ngokusetshenziswa kophawu.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **I-Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Itiye eliyisicaba lase-Hangzhou; ngokwendaba yochwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe balo baba isiqalo.
* **I-Xiaochang Fenghuangshan Cha ([孝昌凤凰山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiaochang-fenghuangshan-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Zhouxiang, elingaphakathi kwendawo yesiqinisekiso.
* **I-Zhouxiang Fenghuang Cha ([周巷凤凰茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhouxiang-fenghuang-cha)):** Igama elivikelwe lalelo lokishi elifanayo.
* **I-Dawu Lücha ([大悟绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dawu-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Dawu, nalo elingaphakathi kwendawo.
* **I-Xiaogan Hong ([孝感红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiaogan-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu lomphakathi ofanayo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xiaogan Longjian Cha itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Xiaogan, eliqanjwe ngeqabunga, eliqondile, njengenkemba. Ngemva kwalo kunezindaba ezimbili — eyasendulo, ngetiye lomphakathi kusukela ngesikhathi sika-Ming, nentsha, ngochwepheshe abakha ukucubungula kwabo ngokusekelwe ku-Longjing. Umthetho uyichaza kahle: izinhlobo ezintathu, inhlabathi eyisihlabathi ephuzi-nsundu ngase-Dabie, iqabunga le-emerald, iphunga le-castnut notshwala obuluhlaza ngobumnene.