---
title: "Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiaochang-fenghuangshan-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá (孝昌凤凰山茶)

**I-Siaochang Fenghuangshan Cha** (*Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá*, 孝昌凤凰山茶) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasedolobhaneni laseZhousiang (周巷镇) esifundeni saseSiaochang kumasipala wedolobha laseSiaogan enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei, ngaseningizimu yeentaba zaseDabieshan. Kusukela ngo-2015 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo, kusukela ngo-2022 itiye linendinganiso kamasipala wedolobha i-DB4209/T 26—2022. Indinganiso ilibiza ngqo ngetiye eliluhlaza. “Fenghuang” lapha yigama lentaba yendawo, hhayi ukubhekisela ku-oolong yaseGuangdong iFenghuang Dancong.

**1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Isigaba simiswe umqulu: indinganiso DB4209/T 26—2022 ichaza leli tiye njengetiye eliluhlaza, elenziwe ngemihlume namaqabunga amahlumela amancane, aqoqwe edolobhaneni laseZhousiang.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseSiaogan; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2015).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, *Húběi*), umasipala wedolobha iSiaogan (孝感, *Xiàogǎn*), isifunda iSiaochang (孝昌, *Xiàochāng*), idolobhana iZhousiang (周巷, *Zhōuxiàng*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Ngokwendinganiso, yidolobhana lonke iZhousiang; umngcele uvezwe ebalazweni kusithasiselo. Izindawo ezihamba phambili isethulo sendinganiso sibiza izintaba iFenghuangshan, iGongmushan (公牧山) neShuangfengshan (双峰山) kanye nendawo yaseGuchengan (古城庵).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isikhungo sesifunda iSiaochang sisemgwaqweni we-31,3° N no-114,0° E; indawo isengxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inkathi yaseMing.** Isethulo sendinganiso sithi itiye eZhousiang litshalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaMing (明) nokuthi kusele izinkondlo nemifanekiso ngalokhu. Imininingwane yengezwe yincazelo yomkhiqizo ovikelwe ongumakhelwane iZhousiang Fenghuang Cha evela eHhovisi Lempahla Yobuhlakani yaseHubei: ngokombhalo oqoshwe etsheni, isikhulu saseMing, esashiya inkonzo sase siba yindela, saletha imbewu yetiye kwezinye izindawo futhi sasungula amasimu eduze kwentaba iFenghuangshan; emlandweni wesifunda waseSiaogan wohlelo lweshumi nesishiyagalombili lonyaka kaGuangxu (光绪) kunenkondlo ngokunambitha itiye endaweni yezindela eGuchengan enomugqa othi “穿云寻古寺，带露摘新茶” — “nginqamula amafu ngifuna itempeli elidala, nginehlisa itiye elisha emazolo”.
    * **Inganekwane.** Ngokwenganekwane evela encazelweni efanayo, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo uZhu Di (朱棣) wadlula ngasese eduze kwentaba iFenghuangshan, futhi abantu bendawo bamnika itiye.
    * **2015.** NgoSepthemba igama elithi “孝昌凤凰山茶” labhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo. Ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020, lolu wuphawu № 14514917, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo itiye; umnikazi inhlangano yetiye yedolobhana iZhousiang; isikhathi selungelo elikhethekile sisuka zingama-28 Septhemba 2015 siye zingama-27 Septhemba 2025.
    * **2022.** Ihhovisi lokuqondisa izimakethe laseSiaogan lakhipha indinganiso DB4209/T 26—2022: yashicilelwa ziyisi-8 Agasti, yaqala ukusebenza ziyisi-8 Septhemba. Bayithuthukisa inhlangano yetiye yedolobhana, iminyango yendawo kanye nenkampani yetiye; isethulo siyavuma ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu itiye lalingenayo indinganiso yekhwalithi.
* **Igama:** “Siaochang” (孝昌) yigama lesifunda; “Fenghuangshan” (凤凰山) — “intaba yeFenix”, isiqongo sendawo; “cha” (茶) — itiye. Ngokwencazelo yeHhovisi Lempahla Yobuhlakani yaseHubei, abantu bendawo kudala babiza lonke itiye lasedolobhaneni ngokuthi “凤凰茶” — “itiye leFenghuang”.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isethulo sendinganiso sibiza iZhousiang “ngomuzi wetiye” odumile (茶叶之乡). Ngokwencazelo yeHhovisi Lempahla Yobuhlakani yaseHubei, eSiaogan itiye lasedolobhaneni laziwa yimindeni yonke futhi liyathandwa njengesipho.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / ama-cultivar:** Indinganiso ibiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko i-Echa № 1 (鄂茶1号), i-Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白) ne-Zhongcha 108 (中茶108); ngokwesethulo, ezimbili zokuqala zitshalwa kakhulu.
* **Indinganiso yokukha:** Umhlume owodwa oneqabunga elilodwa noma umhlume owodwa neqabunga elisanda kuvuleka (一芽一叶或一芽一叶初展).
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Indinganiso ayinazo izinsuku eziqondile.
* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Iqabunga elisha lithwalwa ngeziqukathi ezinomoya, ngaphandle kokucindezelwa noma ukufudunyezwa.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ngokwendinganiso, isizinda sokukhiqiza sisezingqongeni eziseningizimu yeentaba zaseDabieshan (大别山): amagquma, indawo yehla isuka enyakatho-mpumalanga iye eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ukuminyana kwehlathi kungaphezu kuka-80 %.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon enomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile lingu-16,1 °C, imvula ingu-1100–1200 mm, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingu-248. Indinganiso iphinde ibale amahora angu-4427,2 okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka. Incwadi yezentengiselwano kusayithi le-Renmin Wang (2019) iphinda le nombolo efanayo, kepha icacisa ukuthi ngenxa yamafu ilanga empeleni likhanya cishe amahora angu-2150 ngonyaka.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ikakhulukazi ephuzi-nsundu (黄棕壤), ungqimba oluvundile alungekho ngaphansi kwe-0,5 m, i-pH ingu-5,5–6,5, izinto eziphilayo zingaphezu kwe-1 %.
* **Izindlela zokulima:** Indinganiso iyala ukuvikela isimu ngezibani zokubamba izinambuzane, izicupho ezinamathelayo, ama-pheromone kanye nemithi yezinto eziphilayo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Indinganiso ihlanganisa umsebenzi wezandla nowemishini futhi igqamisa imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko — ukumisa, ukubumba kanye nokugazinga-ukomisa.

1.  **Ukumisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ngomshini wokumisa, kufika ku-1 kg weqabunga ngomzuzu, ku-170–230 °C; iqabunga lilahlekelwa ngu-25–30 % wesisindo. Bese liyendlalwa ukuze liphole futhi libuyele emswakameni cishe imizuzu engu-30.
2.  **Ukubumba (做形, *zuòxíng*):** Ukuhlela kabili kweqabunga (理条, *lǐtiáo*) ngomshini osebenza izinto eziningi: okokuqala — ku-150–180 °C, imizuzu engu-10–15; okwesibili — ku-100–120 °C, imizuzu engu-8–10, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lome ngo-70–80 %.
3.  **Ukususa uboya (脱毫, *tuōháo*):** Ingxube epholile ijikeleziswa emshinini wokugazinga (辉锅机, *huīguōjī*) ku-60–100 °C; uboya buyasuswa eqabungeni, ifeni iyakhipha.
4.  **Ukugazinga nokukhipha iphunga (辉干提香, *huīgān tíxiāng*):** Imizuzu engu-25–35, izinga lokushisa elithi “phansi — phezulu — phansi”, cishe ku-90–120 °C; ngaphambi kokukhipha ukushisa kuyenyuswa ukuze kutholakale iphunga.
5.  **Itiye eliqedile:** Umswakama awukho ngaphezu kwe-6,5 %, iqabunga liyisicaba, libushelelezi futhi liqondile.

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Indinganiso yazi izinhlobo ezimbili — ephakeme kakhulu (特级) neyokuqala (一级) — futhi ivuselela isibonelo salezo zimbili minyaka yonke.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — liyisicaba, libushelelezi futhi liqondile, liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, linoboya obubonakalayo, liyalingana (扁平光直，翠绿显毫，匀齐). Izinga lokuqala — liyisicaba, libushelelezi futhi liqondile, liluhlaza futhi licwebezela (扁平光直，绿润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Alikho incazelo ehlukile kund ng standard.
* **Iphunga lomuthi wokungena:** Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久); izinga lokuqala — lihlanzekile (清香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumasha futhi kuthambile (鲜醇) kuzo zombili izinhlobo.
* **Umbala womuthi wokungena:** Uluhlaza okotshani futhi ukhanya (嫩绿明亮) kuzo zombili izinhlobo.
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — lithambile, lithembekile futhi liyalingana (柔嫩匀齐); izinga lokuqala — lithembekile, liyalingana futhi liyakhanya (嫩匀明亮).

Imibala kanye nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo indinganiso iyenqabela.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo ze-physicochemical zendinganiso, ezifanayo kuzo zombili izinhlobo:

| Inkomba | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | awukho ngaphezu kwe-6,5 % |
| Imvuthuluka nothuli | akukho ngaphezu kwe-5,5 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | awukho ngaphezu kwe-7 % |
| Izinto ezincibilika emanzini | azikho ngaphansi kwe-38,0 % |
| I-cellulose eluhlaza | ayikho ngaphezu kwe-10,0 % |

Ayikho imininingwane ngama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid ne-caffeine aleli tiye ngqo emithonjeni etholiwe.

**8. Izinzuzo zempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi eceleni kodonga.
    3. Ukungena kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yomuthi.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Indinganiso ngokwayo iyala ukugcina itiye eliqedile esitolo esihlanzekile, esomile, esipholile, esimnyama ngaphandle kwephunga elingaziwa noma egumbini lokuqandisa. Ekhaya — kupakishwe ngokuvalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholiwe.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthenga imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu oluthi “孝昌凤凰山茶” (№ 14514917). Isikhathi esivela kurejista ka-2020 siphele zingama-27 Septhemba 2025; ukuthi uphawu luye lwanwetshwa yini, angikazihloli.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela edolobhaneni laseZhousiang esifundeni saseSiaochang.
    * Bheka izinga: indinganiso yazi kuphela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu nelokuqala.
    * Iqabunga — liyisicaba, libushelelezi futhi liqondile; umuthi wokungena — uluhlaza okotshani futhi uyakhanya.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Ubuchwepheshe bususa uboya eqabungeni, kodwa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu indinganiso ifuna ukuthi uboya buhlale bubonakala.
* Edolobhaneni elilodwa kuhlangane izindlela ezimbili zokuvikela: uphawu oluthi “孝昌凤凰山茶” kanye nomkhiqizo ovikelwe othi “[周巷凤凰茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhouxiang-fenghuang-cha)”. Incazelo yesibili nayo ibiza itiye ngokuthi “凤凰山茶”.
* Ne “Fenghuang” yaseGuangdong leli tiye zihlanganyela kuphela izinhlamvu zesiShayina: lapho i-oolong, lapha itiye eliluhlaza.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye:**

* **I-Zhousiang Fenghuang Cha (周巷凤凰茶):** Umkhiqizo ovikelwe wedolobhana elifanayo (2014) onendinganiso yesifundazwe DB42/T 2174-2023. Izincazelo zawo womabili amatiye ziyafana kokuyinhloko; ukuthi umkhiqizo owodwa yini ngaphansi kwezindlela ezimbili, imiqulu ayikusho.
* **I-Guanyinhu Liucha ([观音湖绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guanyinhu-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo saseSiaochang, umkhiqizo ovikelwe kusukela ngo-2015.
* **I-Dau Liucha ([大悟绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dawu-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane iDau, naso esisezingqongeni eziseningizimu yeDabieshan.
* **I-Fenghuang Dancong ([凤凰单丛](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fenghuang-dancong)):** I-oolong yaseGuangdong — ukuvumelana kwegama, hhayi ukuhlobana.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Siaochang Fenghuangshan Cha itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba ledolobhana elilodwa ezingqongeni zeDabieshan. Linokugcwala kwemibhalo okungajwayelekile egameni elincane: uphawu lwango-2015 kanye nendinganiso yango-2022 enezinhlobo zezihlahla, izindlela zokucubungula kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zetiye eliqedile. Ukubukeka kulula futhi kuyabonakala: iqabunga eliyisicaba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphunga elihlanzekile nelihlala isikhathi eside, umuthi wokungena oluhlaza okotshani, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile.