---
title: "Xiàngwō chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiangwo-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xiàngwō chá (象窝茶)

**I-Xiangwo Cha** (*Xiàngwō chá*, 象窝茶) itiye lezintaba zase-Tianlushan (天露山, *Tiānlù shān*) esifundeni sase-Xinxing (新兴县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Yunfu entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong. Ipulazi lase-Xiangwo lisemaphethelweni asenyakatho okhahlamba, ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-600 ngaphezu kolwandle, enkungwini ecishe ibe njalo. Igama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo futhi liqinisekiswa izinga lendawo, kodwa isigaba asikho emibhalweni etholakele yezinga: ngokombiko wangowezi-2019, ngaphansi kwaleli gama kukhiqizwa uchungechunge oluluhlaza, olubomvu nolugugile.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunqunyelwe embhalweni. Umbiko wangowezi-2019 ubiza uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo emithathu — «象窝绿茶» (itiye eliluhlaza), «象窝红茶» (itiye elibomvu) kanye no-«陈香茶» (itiye eligugile; ukuthi lingaphansi kwasiphi isigaba akushiwongo). Umkhiqizo waphawulwa njengomkhiqizo wetiye elibomvu onethemba — lokho kuwukuhlola, hhayi isigaba ngokombhalo.
* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo; itiye lendawo likamasipala wase-Yunfu.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), umasipala wase-Yunfu (云浮, *Yúnfú*), isifunda sase-Xinxing (新兴, *Xīnxīng*), izintaba zase-Tianlushan.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesicelo esamukelwa ukucutshungulwa ngowezi-2010, — izintaba zase-Tianlushan ngaphakathi kwamalokishi ase-Taiping nase-Rencun esifundeni sase-Xinxing. Umngcele wokugcina emthethweni wokugunyaza angiwubhekanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Xinxing — cishe u-22,7° enyakatho no-112,2° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umbhalo wesifunda.** Umbiko wangowezi-2019 ucaphuna amazwi ombhalo wesifunda sase-Xinxing owashicilelwa ngeminyaka yeRiphabhulikhi (民国《新兴县志》): izintaba zesifunda zijulile, amahlathi aminzile, umhlabathi ulungele kahle itiye, kanti amatiye angcono kakhulu — awase-Tianlushan nawase-Longshan (天露山茶、龙山茶). I-Xiangwo, ngokuchazwa kombiko, iyingxenye yetiye lase-Tianlushan.
    * **Ukutshalwa kwetiye kwasekuqaleni.** Ngokusho kombiko ofanayo, kuze kube ngawo-1950 itiye eduze kwentaba i-Xiangwo (象窝山) lalitshalwa kancane futhi ngokwehlukahlukana ngabalimi bendawo nezindela. Embhalweni kubhalwe ukuthi «kuze kube ngawo-50 eminyaka yekhulu le-19» — eduze kwendaba yonyaka we-1956 lokhu kubukeka njengephutha lokubhala.
    * **1956.** Ngokombiko, abantu abasha abafundile baya ezintabeni ukuyovula amasimu, bafika ngamaqoqo belethe uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu lwase-Yunnan (云南大[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu), *Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng*), bafunda ukusabalalisa ngezinqumo futhi banda indawo yamasimu yaya ngaphezu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ama-mu; itiye laqanjwa igama elithi «象窝茶».
    * **2007.** Ngokombiko ofanayo, ngomhla ka-16 Januwari 2007 i-Guangdong Xiangshun Holding Group (广东翔顺控股集团) yaqala ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zepulazi, yaletha imishini emisha futhi yavuselela ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo, ukutshala, ukunakekelwa nobuchwepheshe.
    * **2010.** Isicelo sokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo samukelwa ukucutshungulwa. Izinombolo nezinsuku zomthetho wokugunyaza irejista ayizange izibuyise.
    * **2013–2014.** Izinga lesifundazwe i-DB44/T 1254-2013 «地理标志产品 象窝茶» lashicilelwa ngomhla ka-20 Disemba 2013 futhi laqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-20 Mashi 2014. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwalo lihlobene netiye ukuvikelwa kwalo okwagunyazwa yi-AQSIQ.
    * **2021.** Kwakhishwa izinga lendawo likamasipala wase-Yunfu i-DB4453/T 06—2021 elinesihloko esifanayo: lashicilelwa ngomhla ka-20 Meyi 2021, laqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-20 Juni 2021. Phakathi kwabaqambi kukhona izinhlaka zesifunda zokuhlola ikhwalithi nezolimo kanye ne-LLC «Ipulazi Letiye lase-Xiangwo».
    * **2022.** Uhlelo lwezolimo lukamasipala wase-Yunfu lwenkathi yesi-5 lwezinhlelo zeminyaka emihlanu lubala i-Xiangwo Cha njengomkhiqizo wesifunda sase-Xinxing onesibonakaliso sendawo, kanti i-Xinxing kanye nedolobha lase-Luoding (罗定) njengezifunda ezibalulekile zetiye zikamasipala.
    * **2023.** Izinga lesifundazwe langowezi-2013 lahoxiswa kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Februwari 2023. Ngokuhoxiswa kwezinga likamasipala langowezi-2021 emibhalweni etholakele akukho mininingwane.
* **Imiklomelo:** Umbiko ubala ngaphandle kweminyaka nangaphandle kwamagama abanikezeli: «itiye eliphilayo», «umkhiqizo odumile wase-Guangdong», omunye wemikhiqizo eyishumi enethemba kakhulu yetiye elibomvu lase-China, umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano kazwelonke wamatiye adumile, omunye wamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Guangdong.
* **Igama:** 象 — «indlovu», 窝 — «isidleke, umhume»; 象窝 — igama lentaba nepulazi. Embikweni wangowezi-2019 umkhiqizo ubizwa ngokuthi «象窝禅茶» — «itiye le-Chan lase-Xiangwo».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umbiko uhlobanisa igama elithi «禅茶» nesigodlo sezindela i-Guoensi (国恩寺), esihlukaniswe nepulazi ngentaba eyodwa, futhi ususa isiko letiye lase-Xiangwo enkathini yenkosi yesithupha yesikole se-Chan u-Huineng (惠能). Lokhu kuyisimangalo somkhiqizo, angikubhekanga. Ngokwemininingwane yombiko ofanayo, ipulazi lakhipha ebuphofini imindeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amane yemizana emine eseduze.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ngokombiko wangowezi-2019, kusukela ngo-1956 emasimini kwatshalwa uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu lwase-Yunnan olwalulethwe (云南大叶种, *Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng*). Izinhlobo zamanje nezinhlobo ezivunyelwe izinga azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukuvuna:** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Umbhalo wezinga angiwubonanga, ngakho-ke izidingo zawo angizisho.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Umngcele osenyakatho wokhahlamba lwase-Tianlushan esifundeni sase-Xinxing.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokombiko wangowezi-2019, amasimu angaphezu kwamamitha angu-600, indawo ephakeme kakhulu ingamamitha angu-860.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Unyaka wonke kunenkungu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nomswakama — ngokombiko ofanayo; azikho izinombolo.
* **Umhlabathi:** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Indawo:** Ngokombiko, e-ecopark yepulazi kunama-mu angaphezu kuka-7000 ehlathi kanye nama-mu angaphezu kuka-4000 amasimu etiye.
* **Ukunakekelwa kwamasimu:** Umquba oyinhloko — utshani, amakhoba kabhontshisi, umquba wezinkukhu nowezinkomo; izinambuzane ziqedwa ngezindlela zebhayoloji, izicupho zokukhanya nokuqoqwa ngesandla, izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali, ngokwamazwi ombiko, azisetshenziswa.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe be-Xiangwo Cha abukho emithonjeni etholakele, umbhalo wezinga angiwubonanga. Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela — izikimu ezijwayelekile zezigaba, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye:

1.  **Itiye eliluhlaza:** ukubuna (摊放, *tānfàng*), ukumisa ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).
2.  **Itiye elibomvu:** ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), i-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*), ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).

Uchungechunge olugugile «陈香茶» lwenziwa kanjani, emithonjeni etholakele akuchazwanga.

**6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha Nokubonwayo:**

Izincazelo — ezivela embikweni wangowezi-2019, ngokochungechunge; izidingo zezinga mayelana nokubukeka angizibonanga.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphuzwa:** Uchungechunge oluluhlaza — oluthambile, oluphakeme nolusha (香气香嫩高爽); olubomvu — olumnandi nolujiyile (茶香甘甜浓郁). Kuchungechunge olubomvu akucaciswanga ukuthi iphunga lokuphuzwa yini noma leqabunga elomile.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Uchungechunge oluluhlaza — okusha nokuthambile (滋味鲜醇); olubomvu — okugcwele, okuvusayo, okusha nokumnandi (滋味浓爽鲜甜).
* **Umbala wokuphuzwa:** Uchungechunge oluluhlaza — oluphuzi-oluhlaza, olukhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮); olubomvu — olubomvu ngokugqamile, olusobala (汤色红艳明亮).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Akukho mininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba — imingcele incike ochungechungeni.

* **Uchungechunge oluluhlaza:** 80–85 °C, amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml, ukuphisa kokuqala imizuzwana engama-40–60, ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.
* **Uchungechunge olubomvu:** 90–95 °C, amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml, ukuphisa kokuqala cishe umzuzu, i-gaiwan noma imbiza ye-porcelain, ukuphisa okuningana nokwandisa isikhathi.
* **Uchungechunge olugugile:** Isigaba asishiwongo, ngakho-ke imingcele angiyinikezi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza — ephaketheni elivaleke kahle, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ephaketheni eliminyene, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:**

Akukho mininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokombiko wangowezi-2019, inani lomkhiqizo we-Xiangwo Cha (产值) ngonyaka wezi-2018 leqa izigidi ezingama-20 zama-yuan — cishe amahlandla angamashumi amabili kunangaphambi kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.

* **Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo ephaketheni kanye nereferensi yezinga i-DB4453/T 06—2021.
    * Qiniseka ukuthi itiye lenziwe esifundeni sase-Xinxing, endaweni yezintaba zase-Tianlushan.
    * Bheka ukuthi yiluphi uchungechunge olusephaketheni — oluluhlaza, olubomvu noma olugugile: igama elilodwa alisho isigaba.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ukuthi kungani intaba ibizwa ngokuthi «isidleke sendlovu», imithombo etholakele ayichazi.
* Igama lashintsha amazinga amabili: elesifundazwe langowezi-2013 nelikamasipala langowezi-2021; elokuqala lahoxiswa ngowezi-2023.
* Ngokombiko wangowezi-2019, indawo yamasimu yanda kusuka ema-mu angaphezu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ngeminyaka yokutshala kokuqala yaya kwangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Ase-Guangdong:**

* **I-Ying De Hong Cha ([英德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yingde-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lasenyakatho ye-Guangdong; ngokwe-athikili ye-corpus, nalo lakhula ngohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu lwase-Yunnan, olwalethwa e-Yingde ngo-1955. Ngokungafani ne-Xiangwo, isigaba salo sinqunywa igama ngokwalo.
* **I-Renhua Baimao Cha ([仁化白毛茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/renhua-baimao-cha)):** Igama lase-Guangdong elinesibonakaliso sendawo, ngaphansi kwalo futhi kwenziwa itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza, — isimo esifanayo «segama elibanzi kunesigaba».
* **I-Fengkai Hong Cha ([封开红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fengkai-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lasentshonalanga ye-Guangdong likamasipala wase-Zhaoqing.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xiangwo Cha igama lepulazi lasentabeni emngceleni osenyakatho we-Tianlushan, ngaphansi kwalo kunochungechunge oluluhlaza, olubomvu nolugugile. Imibhalo ngayo ikhuluma ngendawo, amazinga nokuvikelwa, hhayi ngokubukeka. Okunye — inkungu engaphezu kwamamitha angu-600, uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu lwase-Yunnan kusukela ngo-1956, umbhalo wesifunda owawudumisa itiye lase-Tianlushan — kwaziwa ikakhulu kusuka embikweni womkhiqizo. Kufanele ukhethe ngokochungechunge, hhayi ngegama.