---
title: "xiāngmáo"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiangmao
lang: zu
updated: 2026-09-18
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# xiāngmáo (香茅)

I-lemongrass iyisengezo esomile esaziwa kakhulu ekulungiseni itiye laseNingizimu neShayina, kodwa ngokohlelo lwaseShayina lokuhlukanisa itiye alilona 花茶 futhi alilona itiye nhlobo: alinalo iqabunga letiye eliyisisekelo, ngakho-ke alinayo nendlela eyinhloko yokwenza iphunga elimnandi — 窨 (*yìn*). Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi 香茅 imi kuphi ohlelweni, ukuthi iziphatha kanjani enkomishini, nokuthi ungayidida kanjani nabanye abaseduze kwaso eshalufini.

## Igama nokuthi yisiphi isitshalo

香茅 (*xiāngmáo*, ngokwezwi nezwi “uhlaza lwembewu enephunga elimnandi, utshani obunephunga elimnandi”) yigama lokuhweba nelokupheka lamaqabunga nengxenye engezansi yesiqu sezitshalo zohlobo lwe-Cymbopogon, ikakhulukazi *Cymbopogon citratus*, owaziwa esikweni laseYurophu njenge-lemongrass. Kukhona negama elifanayo 柠檬草 (*níngméng cǎo*, “utshani bukalamula”), futhi esimweni sokupheka — 香茅草 (*xiāngmáo cǎo*). Lesi isitshalo seminyaka eminingi sohlobo lwembewu, esakha isixhobo esiminyene samaqabunga amancane aqinile anonqenqema olubukhali; uma omisiwe kusetshenziswa iqabunga (elisikiwe), noma isiqu esinqunyiwe “unyawo”.

Okubalulekile ku-encyclopedia: i-Cymbopogon ayihlangene ne-*Camellia sinensis*. Kusukela lapha kuvela yonke imiphumela elandelayo — kusukela ekuhlukaniseni kuya endleleni yokuphisa.

## Kungani lokhu kungeyona i-花茶: umqondo we-再加工茶

花茶 ohlelweni lwaseShayina — iyingxenye yesigaba sesikhombisa, “esicutshungulwe kabusha” 再加工茶 (*zài jiāgōng chá*), esimi ngaphandle kwezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo (oluhlaza, omhlophe, ophuzi, i-oolong, obomvu, omnyama). Isakhiwo se-花茶 sihlala sinezingxenye ezimbili:

1. **茶坯 (*chápī*)** — isisekelo setiye, ngokuvamile 烘青绿茶 (*hōngqīng lǜchá*), itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe eziko, ngezinye izikhathi isisekelo esibomvu, i-oolong noma esimhlophe;
2. **imbali** kanye nomsebenzi we-窨 — ukubeka imbali ephilayo ngezingqimba nesisekelo setiye (ezinhlotsheni zekhwalithi ephezulu kaningi), ukuze iqabunga limunce izinto eziguqukayo, ngemva kwalokho inqwaba yembali iyasuswa.

Ohlwini lwezinkomba lwezinhlobo ze-花茶 — 茉莉花茶 (i-jasmine, elawula ngokuphelele), 桂花茶 (i-osmanthus), 玫瑰花茶 (i-rose), 白兰花茶 (i-magnolia), 珠兰花茶 (i-chloranthus), 玳玳花茶 (iwolintshi elibabayo), 柚子花茶 (imbali ye-pomelo), kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ze-premium ze-jasmine (龙珠, 银针, 大白毫) kanye ne-工艺花茶 yokuhlobisa — i-lemongrass ayikho futhi ayikwazi ukuba khona. Isizathu akusiyona into yokungavamile, kodwa umehluko wesakhiwo emibili:

- 香茅 emkhiqizweni **ayinaso isisekelo setiye**: yisithako esomile esizimele, hhayi iqabunga letiye elinephunga elimnandi;
- iphunga layo elifakwayo **akulona 窨, kodwa ngokuxuba okuqondile** kwesisiki esomile, okungukuthi ukuxuba ngomshini.

Isifaniso esiseduze kakhulu ngaphakathi kohlu — izindawo zasemngceleni 菊花茶 ne-菊普: i-chrysanthemum ngokwayo ayilona iqabunga letiye, ngakho-ke ibalwa ngesexwayiso, kanti 菊普 ichazwa njengengxube ne-普洱熟 (shu puer). 香茅 imi emngceleni ofanayo, kodwa igxathu elilodwa kude netiye: i-chrysanthemum okungenani iyimbali, ngokwesiko efakwe kusichazamazwi se-花茶, kanti i-lemongrass iyisithako sotshani, esingena esigabeni esibanzi sokuhweba “sezithako ezithatha indawo yetiye” (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*). “Izinga le-香茅花茶” elihlukile alikho, futhi imizamo yokuthengisa isisiki se-lemongrass njenge-花茶 iyiphutha le-terminology lomthengisi.

## Indawo yokutshala nokutholakala kwesithako

香茅 — isitshalo sezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo ezinomswakama. E-Shayina sitshalwa futhi sivunwa eningizimu: e-Yunnan, e-Hainan, e-Guangdong nase-Guangxi. Lesi yisiko lohlobo lwepulazi nengadi yemifino, hhayi ingadi yetiye yasentabeni: ukusikwa kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngesizini, ikhwalithi incike ebudaleni beqabunga, isivinini sokomiswa, nokuthi ingxenye engezansi eqinile yesihlahla ingene yini ekusikeni.

Izimpawu ezisebenzayo zesithako:
- **umbala** — oluhlaza okotshani okumpunga okhanyayo kuya kobomvana bolimu; umbala onsundu, “wotshani obomile” usho ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukugcinwa isikhathi eside;
- **ukusikwa** — okulinganayo, ngaphandle kothuli nangaphandle kwezinsalela ezimhlophe eziqinile zesisekelo;
- **iphunga elomile** — ukalamula ohlanzekile we-citrus ongaphansi okuluhlaza “kotshani”; isithako esinuka kuphela “utshani obomile” sesiphelelwe amandla.

Iphrofayili yokuguquguquka kwe-lemongrass yakhiwe phezu kwe-citral (ingxube ye-geranial ne-neral) ihambisana ne-geraniol ne-citronellal; yilokho i-citral enikeza ukufana okwaziwayo nekhasi likalamula ngaphandle kwe-asidi. Inhlanganisela iyaguquguquka futhi izwela ekukhanyeni, ngakho-ke 香茅 ilahlekelwa isimilo ngokushesha kuneqabunga letiye: ukupakishwa okuvalekile, ubumnyama, namaphakethe amancane kuyadingeka.

## Ukunambitheka, ukungena kwamanzi, nokuphisa

Ukungena kwe-香茅 ehlanzekile — kuphuzi okukhanyayo, cishe ithoni kalamula, kucacile. Ephunga — ikhasi likalamula, ubusha besiqu, ngezinye izikhathi inothi elincane “lejinja nensipho” esithakweni esomiswe ngokweqile. Ukunambitheka kuncane, kumnandi kancane ekuqaleni, ngokuphela okomile kotshani; abukho ubukrakra bama-catechin etiye, abukho ubukhulu, futhi abukho ukubuya kobumnandi emphinjeni (回甘, *huígān*) lapha ngokwencazelo — alikho neqabunga letiye.

Izinkomba zokuphisa (njengesithako sotshani, hhayi njengetiye):

| ifomethi | isithako | amanzi | isikhathi |
|---|---|---|---|
| ukungena okukodwa, inkomishi | 2–3 g ku-250 ml | 95–100 °C | 3–5 imiz, ukuphisa 1–2 |
| i-gaiwan, ukuphisa okufushane | 3 g ku-120 ml | 100 °C | 30–60 s, kuze kufike ku-3 |
| njengesengezo etiyeni | 0,2–0,5 g ku-5 g wetiye | ngokohlelo lwetiye eliyisisekelo | ngokohlelo lwetiye eliyisisekelo |

Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu wokuxuba: 香茅 inamandla ngephunga, futhi ingxenye yayo ebonakalayo isula itiye eliyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke emkhubeni wemakethe ivame ukubekwa ezisekelweni eziminyene, “ezimnyama” ezimelana nokushaya — ikakhulukazi i-普洱熟, ngomqondo ofanayo nalowo okuxutshwa ngawo i-菊普; ngezinye izikhathi netiye elibomvu. Kumaphrofayili amancane we-花茶, ikakhulukazi i-jasmine, i-lemongrass ayibekwa: iziqongo ezimbili ze-citrus nezimbali ziyangqubuzana, futhi “ubusha obuphilayo” obuyisici se-jasmine (鲜灵) buyalahleka.

## Umongo wamasiko

Indima yokupheka ye-香茅 e-Shayina indala futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi “itiye”. Ekuphekeni kwama-Dai (傣族) eningizimu ye-Yunnan, i-lemongrass iyisithako esiyisisekelo sephunga elimnandi: 香茅草烤鱼, inhlanzi eboshwe ngeziqu futhi yoswe emlilweni wamalahle — ngesinye sezidlo zasendaweni ezaziwa kakhulu. Isiqu sisetshenziswa njengokubamba kwephunga, uhlaka kanye nesinongo ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqabunga — lokupheka nokumanzisa. Kusukela lapha kuvela nomkhuba “wasekhaya” wokuphisa isisiki esomile njengophuzo olushisayo lwansuku zonke esimweni sezulu esishisayo — umkhuba wasekhaya, ongangeni emthethweni wetiye.

Ekuhwebeni kwetiye 香茅 ivela ngezindlela ezimbili: njengesithako sezingxube zotshani zokudayisa endaweni futhi njengengxenye yezingxube ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kuzo zombili izimo lesi yisigaba semakethe, hhayi esejwayelekile: asinayo isikole somlando se-窨, asinazo izigaba zamakilasi akudala, futhi asinayo indawo yaso yohlu lwezinhlobo ze-花茶.

## Ungayihlukanisa kanjani nokuthi idideka nani

**香茅 (i-lemongrass, i-Cymbopogon)** — ukusikwa kwamaqabunga amancane aqinile anemithambo emide, ngezinye izikhathi izingcezu zesiqu esimhlophe esiminyene; iphunga le-citral, “ukalamula kanye nesiqu”.

Ukudideka okuvamile:
- **柠檬马鞭草 / i-verbena kalamula (i-Aloysia)** — iqabunga libanzi, linomumo we-lance, limahhadlahhadla, iphunga limnandi kakhudlwana futhi “linjengoswidi kalamula”; lesi esinye isitshalo nesinye isithako;
- **柠檬香蜂草 / i-melissa** — iqabunga eliyindilinga elinomphetho onamazinyo, iphunga le-mint nekalamula;
- **ikhasi elomisiwe le-citrus** (kuhlanganise ne-陈皮) — i-citrus ehluke ngokuphelele, enamafutha nebukrakra, futhi ngokubukeka yisikhumba sesithelo, hhayi utshani;
- **“itiye eliluhlaza le-lemongrass”** — uma ephaketheni kubonakala isisekelo setiye kanye nesisiki sotshani, phambi kwakho kunengxube ngomshini, hhayi i-花茶: ku-花茶 ukufakwa kwephunga kwenziwa nge-窨, futhi izinsalela zezitshalo zangaphandle emkhiqizweni oqediwe, njengomthetho, azihlali.

Ukuhlola okulawulayo kulula. Thela amanzi abilayo esithakweni bese uhlola umzimba wokungena kwamanzi: 香茅 inikeza amanzi anephunga elimnandi kodwa “angenalutho” ngesakhiwo ngaphandle kokubaba kwetiye. Uma enkomishini kunokuminyana kwetiye nohlaka olubambanayo — kusebenza i-茶坯, futhi umkhiqizo kufanele uchazwe ngesisekelo sawo (oluhlaza, obomvu, shu puer), kanti i-lemongrass kufanele ibizwe ngalokho eyikho: isengezo esomile sephunga elimnandi.

## Isifinyezo sekhathalogu

Esigabeni “izimbali nesithako esomile” 香茅 ithatha indawo ethembekile yesithako sotshani: ayikho ezigabeni eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo, ayikho ku-花茶 ngaphakathi kwe-再加工茶 futhi isebenza njengegxathu lokuxuba noma ukungena okuzimele. Amandla ayo — isiqongo se-citral esaziwa ngokushesha; ubuthakathaka bayo — ukulahleka kwephunga ngokushesha nokuthambekela kokucindezela noma yisiphi isisekelo setiye esincane. Zombili lezi zici kufanele zihlale zikhunjulwa ekuthengeni nasekwakheni izingxube.