---
title: "Xián'ān zhuānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/xian-an-zhuancha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xián'ān zhuānchá (咸安砖茶)

**I-Xian'an Zhuancha** (*Xián'ān zhuānchá*, 咸安砖茶) — «isitini setiye sase-Xian'an», itiye elimnyama elicindezelwe lesifunda sase-Xian'an (咸安区) kumasipala wedolobha i-Xianning eningizimu yesifundazwe i-Hubei. Lenziwa ngesemi-finished product *lǎoqīngchá* ([老青茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lao-qing-cha)), edlula ekugcwaliseni okumanzi, bese icindezelwa ibe izitini ezincane eziqinile. Lesi yisiko lase-Hubei «lesitini esiluhlaza» (青砖茶). Ngokusho kwemibhalo eshicilelwe kungosi kahulumeni wase-Xianning, ukukhiqizwa kwayo sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-400. Kusukela ngo-2015 igama livikelwa njengesikhombi sendawo sokulima, kwathi ngo-2025 itiye laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elimnyama (黑茶, *hēichá*), elicindezelwe. Isigaba sinqunywa umthetho wokuvikela: isemi-finished product ngemva kokulungiswa, ukusongwa kanye nokomiswa elangeni idlula ekugcwaliseni okumanzi ([渥堆](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wodui), *wòduī*) — uphawu lwetiye elimnyama.
* **Isicupho segama:** «青» egameni 青砖茶 (*qīngzhuānchá*) alisho itiye eliluhlaza: isitini sicindezelwa kusuka kusemi-finished product 老青茶 (*lǎoqīngchá*), kanti isigaba sinqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa ukugcwaliswa.
* **Isigaba:** «Isitini esiluhlaza» sase-Hubei; umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe i-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), kumasipala wedolobha i-Xianning (咸宁, *Xiánníng*), isifunda i-Xian'an (咸安, *Xián'ān*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amadolobhana ayisikhombisa kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya zesifunda i-Xian'an — i-Guihua ([桂花](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guihua)镇), i-Maqiao (马桥镇), i-Damu (大幕乡), i-Shuangxiqiao (双溪桥镇), i-Heshengqiao (贺胜桥镇), i-Tingsiqiao (汀泗桥镇) kanye ne-Henggouqiao (横沟桥镇): amadolobhana angu-63 kanye nehlathi elilodwa likahulumeni, ingqikithi engu-2000 ha.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 114°06′–114°43′ empumalanga kanye no-29°39′–30°02′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Izanduleli.** Ngokombhalo mayelana netiye lesitini lase-Chibi kungosi ye-Hubei Provincial CPPCC (2023), isanduleli se-青砖茶 — itiye lamapuleti le-Song dynasty (片茶), okwathi, ngokwe-«History of Song» (宋史), lalishiswa ngesitimu futhi libunjwa; kamuva abahwebi base-Yangloudong (羊楼洞) ngenxa yokuthutha okushibhile amabanga amade baqala ukucindezela itiye libe amasilinda (帽盒茶).
    * **1368.** Ngokwerejista yamagugu angaphatheki, umndeni wakwa-He (何) wathuthela e-Jiangxi (ngokombhalo we-CPPCC — kusuka esifundeni i-Xiushui, 修水) endaweni ngaphansi kwe-Xianning (柏墩) futhi waqala ukukhiqiza nokudayisa itiye; kusukela lapho ubuciko budluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezingamashumi amabili; irejista ibiza lo mndeni njengomsunguli wophawu lwe-Changshengchuan (长盛川). Ubuchwepheshe balo kusukela ngo-2021 busohlwini lukahulumeni lwamagugu angaphatheki njengegatsha lobuchwepheshe betiye elimnyama (isicelo sifakwe kusuka e-Yichang, lapho ubuchwepheshe bafika khona busuka e-Xianning).
    * **Ming no-Qing.** Ngokombhalo we-«Xianning Daily» kungosi kahulumeni wedolobha (2020), itiye lesitini lase-Xian'an «laqala nge-Ming, lakhula nge-Qing». Uphawu imithombo elubeka ngalo itiye lesitini lase-Xian'an — «生甡川» (kumanuwali kanye ne-database yezikhombi zendawo — «生川»); umlando walo, ngokomthombo ofanayo, uqala ngo-1590, ngonyaka we-18 wenkathi ye-Wanli.
    * **1911.** Indondo yegolide ye-Panama International Exposition — unyaka ngokomthombo, abukho obunye ubufakazi.
    * **1927.** Itiye likhonjiswa njengomkhiqizo wezinga lokuqala embukisweni wokuqala wesifundazwe wezimpahla zasekhaya wase-Hubei.
    * **2015.** UMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo № 2314 sangomhla zi-5 Novemba 2015 wabhalisa isikhombi sendawo sokulima (irekhodi AGI01763). Umnikazi — i-Xian'an District Organic Tea Association (咸宁市咸安区[有机茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/youji-cha)产业协会).
    * **2025.** Isimemezelo se-CNIPA (China National Intellectual Property Administration) № 640 saqashela itiye njengomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo; umfakisicelo — i-Xian'an District Tea Association (咸宁市咸安区茶叶协会).
* **Umehluko eminyakeni:** Ingosi efanayo yedolobha embhalweni ka-2010 mayelana ne-Hubei 青砖茶 ibhala «ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka» lokukhiqiza esifundeni sase-Xianning — ngokuphikisana «nangaphezu kweminyaka engu-400» embhalweni ka-2020.
* **Izimakethe:** Ngokombhalo ka-2020, itiye lophawu «生甡川» lalithengiswa e-Inner Mongolia, e-Xinjiang, e-Tibet, eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-China, eMongolia, eRussia, eJapane, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isifunda sakha uphawu lomphakathi ngegama.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Umthetho ubiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko 福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*), 白毫早 (*Báiháozǎo*), 碧香早 (*Bìxiāngzǎo*) kanye ne-鄂茶8号 (*Èchá 8*); njengohlobo olusha olutshalwayo kusetshenziswa i-黄金芽 (*Huángjīnyá*) — ngokomthetho, enamazinga aphezulu e-amino acid.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhlobo ezimbili:** Ngetiye lobuso (面茶, *miànchá*) — amaqabunga amancane athambile egagasi lokuqala lesizini aneziqu; kokugcwalisa (里茶, *lǐchá*) — amaqabunga avuthiwe, avuleke ngokuphelele esizini efanayo, ikakhulukazi aneziqu ezibomvu.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ebhasikidini likanokusho elihlanzekile nelinomoya; iqabunga liyiswa efektri ngaphandle kokulibala.
* **Ukunakekela:** Umanyolo oyinhloko we-organic ufakwa ekwindla ekujuleni okusuka ku-20 cm: 200–250 kg we-oil cake noma we-organic yokuhweba noma 1000–2000 kg womquba nge-667 m².

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isimo sendawo:** Uguquko kusuka ezintabeni zase-Mufu (幕阜山) kuya ethafeni lase-Jianghan; indawo ephakeme kakhulu — isiqongo se-Damu Mountain i-Caobei'an, 954.1 m, amagquma aphakathi nasempumalanga — ku-50–300 m.
* **Inhlabathi:** Izinhlobo eziyisithupha, iningi lingathathi hlangothi noma line-acidic kancane, i-pH 5.5–7.5. Inhlabathi ebomvu (46.04 % yendawo) isezintabeni eziphansi nasemagqumeni ekuphakameni okungu-50–800 m.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon enomswakama; amahora elanga angu-1879.65 ngonyaka (42 % angenzeka), cishe izinsuku zemvula ezingu-150 kanye nemvula engu-1531.4 mm.
* **Imvelo:** Ngokomthetho, izingadi zisendaweni ecishe ifane neyokuqala, ngaphandle kokungcola kwezimboni endaweni engamakhilomitha amahlanu; umkhiqizo kumele uhlangabezane nezinga letiye elingenangozi (无公害食品 茶叶, NY5244-2004).
* **Indawo nomkhiqizo:** Umthetho — izinkulungwane ezingu-10 zama-mu ezingadi eziyinhloko kanye namathani angu-5000 (incwadi yezethenjwa ibeka lezi zinombolo ku-2014); ikhadi le-database yezikhombi zendawo — cishe izinkulungwane ezingu-20 zama-mu nangaphezu kwamathani angu-2000.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umthetho wokuvikela unquma izindlela ezimbili: i-*lǎoqīngchá* — iqabunga elisha → ukulungiswa → ukusongwa → ukomiswa elangeni; isitini — i-*lǎoqīngchá* → ukugcwaliswa → ukuhlunga → ukuxuba → ukucindezela → ukomiswa.

1. **Ukulungiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Esigubhini ekushiseni kodonga cishe ku-350 °C cishe umzuzu, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lithamba.
2. **Ukusongwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Kushisa, ngohlelo «ukucindezela okuncane — okuqinile — okuncane», imizuzu eyi-10–20.
3. **Ukomiswa elangeni (晒干, *shàigān*):** Kuze kube umswakama cishe ku-15 %.
4. **Ukugcwaliswa (渥堆, *wòduī*):** Izinto zokusetshenziswa zimanziswa zifike ku-28–36 % bese zifakwa ngezinhlobo ezinqwabeni eziphakeme cishe amamitha angu-3. Emva kwezinsuku ezi-3–5 inqwaba ishisa cishe ku-60 °C — iyanyakaziswa; ngemva kwezinye izinsuku ezi-2–3 izinqwaba zihlanganiswa zibe ezinkulu, eziphakeme cishe amamitha angu-5, kanti uma seziphinda zishisa cishe ku-60 °C, kuvulwa imisele yokungenisa umoya. Sekukonke ukugcwaliswa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20–30, kuze kube umswakama cishe ku-12 %.
5. **Ukuhlunga nokuxuba (复制、[拼配](https://thetea.app/zu/article/chunliaopinpei), *fùzhì, pīnpèi*):** Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyasikwa, zihlungwe, zihlanzwe ekungcoleni futhi kuxutshwe izinhlobo ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.
6. **Ukucindezela (压制, *yāzhì*):** Izinto zokusetshenziswa zithanjiswa ngesitimu futhi zicindezelwe emafomeni.
7. **Ukomiswa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Ekamelweni elinokushisisa ngesitimu, kukhuphuka kusuka ku-35–40 °C kuye ku-55–70 °C izinsuku eziyi-7–11.

Incwadi yezethenjwa ichaza ngendlela ehlukile: umshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic, amafomu enziwe nge-sandalwood kanye nokomiswa ngamalahle okhuni. Ingosi yedolobha encazelweni evamile ye-Hubei 青砖茶 (hhayi imfuneko yaleli tiye) inikeza isitini esingu-2 kg ngosayizi 34 × 17 × 4 cm: ungqimba lwangaphandle 洒面 — kusuka ezintweni ezingcono kakhulu, ungqimba lwangaphakathi 二面 — lulula kancane (womabili amangqimba ndawonye — 0.125 kg), ukugcwaliswa 里茶 — kusuka kokulula kakhulu (1.75 kg).

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Isitini esincane esiqinile esibukeka sihle (外形美观，形状为小砖型，质地坚硬); umbala uluhlaza okunsundu (青褐).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Lihlanzekile (纯正).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele futhi kuhlanzekile (浓纯). Incazelo evamile yesigaba yengeza: ngaphandle kwe-«green» yotshani.
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Ubomvu futhi ukhanya (红亮); esigabeni sonke — ubomvu ophuzi.
* **Izansi yetiye (iqabunga elidliwayo):** Kuleli tiye azikho izincazelo; ku-Hubei 青砖茶 jikelele — kumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama, kubi (暗黑粗老).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

| Isilinganiso | Umthetho ka-2015 kanye nezidingo ze-CNIPA 2025 |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezincibilika emanzini | ≥ 20 % |
| Ama-polyphenol | ≥ 0.5 % |
| I-caffeine | ≥ 1.0 % |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | ≥ 0.10 % |

Izidingo ze-CNIPA 2025 ziphindaphinda imingcele yomthetho ka-2015; imingcele yama-polyphenol nama-amino acid iphansi kakhulu.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. Uhlu olude lwemibono yendabuko ngezinzuzo emthethweni wokuvikela alusibo ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Indlela evela emthethweni wokuvikela: ngesela isiqephu esincane esitini ngommese, usichoboze, uthele amanzi ngesilinganiso sika-1 : 50 bese upheka imizuzu emi-2–3 ngemva kokubila. Esimemezelweni soMnyango Wezolimo mayelana ne-Chibi eseduze kuthiwa isitini sase-Hubei sivulwa nge-awl ekhethekile yetiye (茶锥) bese siphekwa.

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elimnyama elicindezelwe — ukuphisa okuphindaphindiwe: amagremu angu-5 ngamanzi angu-100–150 ml ku-95–100 °C eteapotini yobumba noma e-gaiwan; geza bese ukhipha, ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20, bese kuqhubeka ukuphisa okuningi ngokwandisa isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile enomoya ongena kahle ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga, ekupakisheni kwephepha, ekushiseni kwegumbi.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwesikhombi sendawo. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwama-50 lwabavunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu (Agasti 2025) kubalwa izinkampani ezintathu: 咸宁市柏庄茶业有限公司, 咸宁市剑春茶业合作社 kanye ne-咸宁市三山川茶业股份有限公司. Inombolo ka-2025 № 642 ikhona lapho kuzo zonke izirekhodi ezingu-1153 — lokhu kuvunyelwa kwabasebenzisi, hhayi ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo (№ 640).
    * Hlola imvelaphi: amadolobhana ayisikhombisa nezindawo zasemakhaya zesifunda i-Xian'an.
    * Ngesikhombi sendawo sokulima imvume yokusebenzisa uphawu inikezwa yi-District Organic Tea Association — umkhiqizi ngaphandle kwemvume yayo akanalo ilungelo lokufaka uphawu.
    * Ungadidanisi netiye lesitini lase-Chibi elingumakhelwane — linalo igama lalo nendawo yalo yokuvikela.
    * Ungadidanisi i-Xian'an (咸安) e-Hubei ne-Xianyang (咸阳) e-Shaanxi, lapho kwenziwa khona i-fu-cha yabo ecindezelwe.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Ukugcwaliswa emthethweni kuchazwa ngezinsuku — cishe inyanga yomsebenzi.
* Izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlukaniswa ngendawo esitini: ezithambile — zokumboza, ezivuthiwe ezineziqu ezibomvu — zokugcwaliswa.
* Indlela yokusebenzisa emthethweni — ukupheka, hhayi ukuphisa.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Amnyama:**

* **I-Hubei Qing Zhuan ([湖北青砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hubei-qing-zhuan)):** Isitini «esiluhlaza» sase-Hubei jikelele, esimaphakathi e-Yangloudong; i-Xian'an Zhuancha — igama elivikelwe lesifunda esisodwa saleli siko elifanayo.
* **I-Lao Qing Cha (老青茶):** Isemi-finished product okucindezelwa ngayo isitini sase-Xian'an.
* **I-Linxiang Heicha ([临湘黑茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/linxiang-heicha)):** Itiye elimnyama lesifunda i-Linxiang esifundazweni i-Hunan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Xian'an Zhuancha — itiye lesitini elimnyama leningizimu ye-Hubei elinomthetho onemininingwane: amadolobhana ayisikhombisa, ukumboza ngeqabunga elithambile nokugcwaliswa ngeqabunga elivuthiwe, inyanga yokugcwaliswa kanye nezitini ezincane eziqinile ezinotshwala obubomvu obukhanyayo. Iminyaka yesiko imithombo iyilinganisela ngendlela ehlukile — «ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-400» kanye «nangaphezu kwekhulu».