---
title: "Wǔyíshān qízhǒng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuyishan-qizhong
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Wǔyíshān qízhǒng (武夷山奇种)

**I-Wuyishan Qizhong** (*Wǔyíshān qízhǒng*, 武夷山奇种) wuphawu lwendawo lwedolobhana lase-Wuyishan (武夷山市) esifundeni sase-Nanping, esifundazweni sase-Fujian, ngeqembu elilodwa kwezinhlanu lezimpahla zetiye le-Wuyi rock oolong. Izinga likazwelonke le-Wuyi Yancha lihlukanisa umkhiqizo ube yi-Da Hong Pao, izihlahla ezinamagama, i-Rougui, i-Shuixian, ne-Qizhong; leli qembu lokugcina selithole uphawu lwalo. Igama lisho "izinhlobo eziyinqaba". Ezincwadini zezohwebo kubizwa kanjalo itiye le-rock elivela kubantu bendawo bembewu - "itiye lemifino" (菜茶, *[càichá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/caicha)*), okwake kwakhethwa kulo izihlahla ezinamagama ezidumile. Izinga ngokwalo alinikezi le ncazelo, futhi lokhu kuphawula kubalulekile kuso sonke isihloko.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-Oolong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*). I-Qizhong iyiqembu ngaphakathi kwe-Wuyi Yancha, futhi i-Wuyi Yancha izinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 18745—2006 liyichaza njenge-oolong.
* **Isigaba:** Iqembu lezimpahla zetiye le-rock ngaphansi kophawu lwendawo yalo. Akusilo uhlobo lwesihlahla noma isigaba esihlukile.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Nanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), idolobhana lase-Wuyishan (武夷山市, *Wǔyíshān shì*).
* **Indawo:** Uhlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza idolobhana lase-Wuyishan njengokunamathela komphathi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuphicaphicanga. I-Wuyi Yancha ngokwayo ivikelwe kulo lonke idolobhana.
* **Indlela yokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo noma lweqoqo lwe-CNIPA № 15669135, impahla - itiye. Ohlwini lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kuyasebenza.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Azikhonjisiwe kuphawu. Indawo ye-Wuyi Yancha ingu-117°37′22″–118°19′44″ empumalanga kanye no-27°27′31″–28°04′49″ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Amazinga amadala etiye le-rock.** Ngokulandisa okuvela ezincwadini zetiye, ngo-1921 u-Jiang Shunan emibhalweni yakhe yohambo wahlukanisa itiye le-rock ngamazinga amane: i-qizhong ephezulu, i-qizhong, i-mingzhong, ne-xiaozhong (上奇种、奇种、茗种、小种). Kamuva abanye ababhali banikeza izikali ezihlukaniswe kabanzi, lapho igama elithi "qizhong" lalivela emagameni ezigaba ezimbalwa eziphezulu, isibonelo i-mingcong qizhong, i-dancong qizhong, i-dingshang qizhong. Okusho ukuthi i-"qizhong" kwakuyisikhathi eside iyigama lesigaba sekhwalithi, hhayi kuphela imvelaphi.
    * **Kusuka ku-qizhong kuya ezihlahleni ezinamagama.** Ngokwencazelo emaphephandabeni ezohwebo, i-qizhong yitiye elivela kubantu bendawo bembewu 菜茶 elivela ezindaweni zamatshe wangempela (正岩); kulo kwakhethwa izihlahla ezingcono kakhulu (单丛), futhi ezingcono kakhulu kuzo, ngemuva kokuthola amagama, zaba izihlahla ezinamagama (名丛).
    * **2002–2006.** I-Wuyi Yancha yathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo wendawo yemvelaphi (2002); izinga i-GB/T 18745—2006 laqinisa i-qizhong njengelinye lamaqembu ezinhlanu ezimpahla, elinamazinga amane - kusuka phezulu kuya kwesithathu.
    * **Uphawu.** Uphawu lwesitifiketi noma lweqoqo "武夷山奇种" № 15669135 lubhaliswe ngokuhlukile egameni le-Wuyi Yancha. Umphathi nonyaka wokubhaliswa akutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **2026.** Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinga i-GB/T 18745—2026 (kusebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli 2027) kugcina i-qizhong phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu; ngokulandisa kwabezindaba, kulungiselelwe amazinga amathathu - aphezulu, owokuqala, nowesibili - esikhundleni samane angaphambili. Umbhalo ogcwele angiwubonanga.
* **Igama:**
    * "Wuyishan" (武夷山) yigama lezintaba kanye nedolobhana.
    * "Qizhong" (奇种, *qízhǒng*) - "izinhlobo eziyinqaba". Ekulandiseni kwabezindaba - yindlela amakhosi amadala ayebiza ngayo izihlahla ezinemibala exubile, ezingefani nabanye, zabantu bembewu, ezazikhule phakathi kwamatshe.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Qizhong iyimpande yokukhethwa kwezitshalo zase-Wuyishan: izihlahla ezinamagama, i-Wuyishan edume ngazo, ngokwezincazelo, zakhethwa kubantu bembewu abafanayo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Ezincazelweni zezohwebo - abantu bendawo bembewu 菜茶: izihlahla ezandiswa ngembewu, ngakho ngasinye sihluke kancane kumasayithi.
* **Ukungafani nezinga:** Izinga lika-2006 lichaza yonke i-Wuyi Yancha njengetiye elivela ezinhlotsheni ezandiswa nge-clone, futhi lidinga ukwandiswa kwe-clone kwezithombo. Ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana kanjani nemvelo yembewu ye-qizhong yakudala, akuchaziwe emithonjeni etholakele; umngcele weqembu angiwudwebi lapha.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Elijwayelekile le-Wuyi Yancha: ukuvuna ngokuvuleka kweqabunga eliphezulu - kusuka emaqabungeni amabili kuya kwamane kuye ngokuthi livuleke kangakanani, okungcono kakhulu kubhekwa ukuvuleka okuphakathi. Azikho izidingo ezihlukile zezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-qizhong.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Njenge-Wuyi Yancha - entwasahlobo eduze kwesizini ye-Guyu (谷雨), ehlobo eduze kwe-Xiaoman (小满), ekwindla ngemuva kwe-Liqiu (立秋).

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-Wuyishan enyakatho ye-Fujian; ngokwezinga - imikhiqizo emincane enomswakama ophakathi kwamathambeka, amagquma, nemifudlana emine.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngu-18–18,5 °C, imvula ecishe ibe ngu-2000 mm, umswakama ucishe ube ngu-80 %.
* **Inhlabathi:** Igraveli yentaba-mlilo, isihlabathi esibomvu, ne-slate; ungqimba omkhulu we-humus, i-pH 4–6.
* **Izindawo zokukhula:** Ngokwencazelo emaphephandabeni ezohwebo, ekuqondeni kwakudala i-qizhong yitiye lezindawo zamatshe wangempela; itiye elivela ngaphandle kwazo ohwebeni lwakudala lalibizwa ngenye indlela - i-mingzhong (名种). Ezingeni lemithetho lokhu kuhlukaniswa akuqinisiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Abukho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-qizhong emithonjeni etholakele. Izinga linikeza ukulandelana okuvamile kwayo yonke i-Wuyi Yancha:

1.  **Ukomiswa elangeni noma endlini ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing) / 萎凋, *shàiqīng / wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Ukunyakazisa nokwenza i-oxidation (做青, *zuòqīng*).**
3.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Ukomisa (烘干, *hōnggān*):** ukomisa kokuqala, ukuphola, ukomisa kabusha - kutholakala itiye eliluhlaza (毛茶, *máochá*).
6.  **Ukuqeda:** ukuhlunga, ukukhetha ngezihlungi, ukukhipha iziqu, ukupeperula, ukuhlanganisa izingxenyana, ukomisa, ukuxuba ube yinqwaba efanayo, ukupakisha.

Lena indlela yezinga yawo wonke amaqembu e-Wuyi Yancha, hhayi incazelo eqinisekiswe ngokukhethekile ngeqizhong.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho:**

Izinga i-GB/T 18745—2006 linikeza iqembu le-qizhong ithebula elihlukile. Ngezansi - izinga eliphezulu (特级) kanye nezinga lokuqala (一级) kubakaki.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Liminyene futhi linesisindo (紧结重实), umbala uhlanzekile, ucwebezelayo okwesamaretha (翠润); ulinganayo, uhlanzekile. Ezingeni lokuqala - umane uminyene (结实), ucwebezela ngamafutha (油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomuthi:** Liphezulu futhi lihlanzekile (清高); ezingeni lokuqala - lihlanzekile (清纯).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kuhlanzekile, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kusha, nokuzwana kwamatshe (清醇甘爽、岩韵显); ezingeni lokuqala - kugcwele impela, ukuzwana kwamatshe kucacile (尚醇厚、岩韵明).
* **Umbala womuthi:** Ophuzi okwegolide, ocacile (金黄清澈).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe):** Lithambile, licwebezelayo, lilinganayo, linomngcele obomvu ogqamile (软亮匀齐、红边鲜艳).

| Izinga | Iphunga | Ukunambitheka | Umuthi | Isisekelo setiye |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 特级 | 清高 | 清醇甘爽、岩韵显 | 金黄清澈 | 软亮匀齐、红边鲜艳 |
| 一级 | 清纯 | 尚醇厚、岩韵明 | 较金黄清澈 | 软亮较匀齐、红边明显 |
| 二级 | 尚浓 | 尚醇正 | 金黄稍深 | 尚软亮匀整 |
| 三级 | 平正 | 欠醇 | 橙黄稍深 | 欠匀稍亮 |

Eceleni kwamanye amaqembu kuyabonakala umehluko: ku-Da Hong Pao iphunga lezinga eliphezulu "libukhali, lijiyile futhi lide noma licolekile, lihlanzekile futhi likude", ku-qizhong - "liphezulu futhi lihlanzekile". Amagama ezinga achaza i-qizhong njengephrofayela elula futhi ehlanzekile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Azikho izinkomba ezihlukile ze-qizhong; kusebenza imikhawulo ejwayelekile ye-Wuyi Yancha: umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %, umlotha ophelele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %, imvuthela ingabi ngaphezu kuka-15,0 %, uthuli lungabi ngaphezu kuka-1,3 %. Imininingwane nge-polyphenols, ama-amino acid, ne-caffeine ye-qizhong ngokwayo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wezinga letiye le-rock oolong.

* **Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisa izitsha.
    2. Geza kafushane iqabunga ngamanzi abilayo.
    3. Ukumunca kokuqala - imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    4. Kwengeza imizuzwana embalwa ekugezeni ngakunye.
    5. Ukugeza kahlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wezinga. Kuvaliwe, endaweni eyomile futhi epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

**11. Intengo Nemikhohlisi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhohlisi:**
    * Bheka uphawu № 15669135 noma uphawu lwendawo ye-Wuyi Yancha kanye nomkhiqizi ovela edolobhaneni lase-Wuyishan.
    * Ngokwezinga, ilebula ikhombisa igama leqembu (品种) nezinga - "奇种" kanye nesinye sezigaba kusuka ku-特级 kuya ku-三级.
    * Umuthi ngokwezinga uphuzi okwegolide futhi ucacile, iqabunga linomngcele obomvu.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Igama elithi "qizhong" laliyigama lesigaba sekhwalithi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba libe igama leqembu lezimpahla lezinga.
* Ngokwezincazelo, kubantu bembewu abafanayo abanikeze i-qizhong, kwakhethwa futhi izihlahla ezinamagama zase-Wuyishan.
* I-qizhong ezingeni lika-2006 inamazinga amane - wona lawa akwa-Shuixian, futhi amaningi kune-Da Hong Pao ne-Rougui.
* Imvelo yembewu ye-qizhong yakudala kanye nedinga lezinga lokwandiswa kwe-clone kuyaphikisana - lokhu kungumbuzo ovulekile.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase-Wuyishan:**

* **I-Wuyi Yancha ([武夷岩茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuyi-yancha)):** Igama lesambulela, lapho i-qizhong ingelinye lamaqembu amahlanu.
* **I-Da Hong Pao ([大红袍](https://thetea.app/zu/article/da-hong-pao)):** Iqembu elidume kakhulu; ezingeni eliphezulu - iphunga "elibukhali, elijiyile futhi elide noma elicolekile, elihlanzekile futhi elikude" ngokumelene "nephezulu futhi elihlanzekile" le-qizhong.
* **I-Tie Luohan ([铁罗汉](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tie-luohan)):** Esinye sezihlahla ezinamagama zase-Wuyishan; ngokwezincazelo zezohwebo, izihlahla ezinamagama zakhethwa ngokukhetha kubantu bendawo bembewu abafanayo.
* **I-Shuixian ([水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)):** Uhlobo olungenisiwe olunamazinga amane afanayo, kodwa nokunambitheka kwesihlahla okucacile.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Wuyishan Qizhong iyiqembu letiye le-rock lase-Wuyishan, igama lalo elidala kunezinga ngokwalo. Kugcine igama elithi "qizhong" lalivela emagameni ezigaba eziphezulu zekhwalithi futhi lalichaza izihlahla ezinemibala exubile zabantu bembewu phakathi kwamatshe; namuhla lingelinye lamaqembu amahlanu ezinga elinethebula lalo - iphunga eliphezulu elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile okumnandi, umuthi ophuzi okwegolide, neqabunga elinomngcele obomvu ogqamile - kanye nophawu lwalo. Ukuthi umngcele walo uhlangana kuphi nezinhlobo ze-clone, amadokhumenti awakasho okwamanje.