---
title: "Wǔfēng hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/wufeng-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Wǔfēng hóngchá (五峰红茶)

**Wǔfēng Hóngchá** (*Wǔfēng hóngchá*, 五峰红茶) itiye elibomvu lase-Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County (五峰土家族自治县) esifundeni sedolobha sase-Yichang entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Isifunda singesinye sezindawo ezisemqoka zokutshala itiye esifundazweni, kanti idolobhana laso i-Yuyangguan (渔洋关) kusukela ngekhulu le-19 laliyisizinda sokuhweba nge-Yihong, itiye elibomvu lase-Yichang, ngaleso sikhathi seRiphabhuliki elalibekwa ezingeni elifanayo neletiye lase-Qimen kanye nelase-Yunnan. Kusukela ngo-2017 igama elithi "五峰红茶" livikelwe yizimpawu ezimbili zokuqinisekisa indawo zomlando zenhlangano yetiye yesifunda. Itiye elibomvu lesifunda livikelwe futhi ngaphansi kwegama lesibili, i-五峰宜红茶: ngokwesaziso se-CNIPA № 640 (2025) umfakisicelo walo uyinhlangano efanayo, kanti indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa zonke izigodi namadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili esifunda. Ukubukeka nezindinganiso ezingezansi kuthathwe ezidingweni ze-CNIPA ze-五峰宜红茶; imithetho yokusetshenziswa kophawu ngokwalo lwe-"五峰红茶" angizange ngiyibone.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), eline-oxidation ephelele. Isigaba sivezwe egameni ngokwalo futhi sihambisana nephrofayili yesifunda.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda; uphawu lokuqinisekisa indawo zomlando (2017). Ngaphansi kwegama elithi 五峰宜红茶 itiye elifanayo liyindawo yezolimo evela emlandweni kanye nomkhiqizo onezindawo zomlando ze-CNIPA (2025).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), isifunda sedolobha sase-Yichang (宜昌, *Yíchāng*), i-Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County (五峰, *Wǔfēng*).
* **Indawo:** Ngophawu lwe-"五峰红茶" uhlu lwe-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2020) lukhomba isifunda sase-Wufeng kuphela njengendawo yomnikazi (ikholomu ethi 注册人行政区划); imingcele yendawo evikelwe yalolu phawu angizange ngiyibone. Egameni le-五峰宜红茶 izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zisho izigodi namadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili esifunda emingceleni yawo yamanje: Caihua, Wufeng, Yuyangguan, Changleping, Renheping, Wantan, Fujiayan kanye no-Niuzhuang.
* **Ukuhlobana ne-五峰宜红茶:** Ngokwemithombo yokuqala, leli yigama lesibili elivikelwe letiye elibomvu elifanayo lesifunda. Umnikazi wezimpawu ze-"五峰红茶" ngokohlu lwase-Hubei lwango-2020 yi-Wufeng Tea Industry Association (五峰茶业协会); yiyona futhi umfakisicelo we-五峰宜红茶 esazisweni se-CNIPA № 640. Ngaphansi kwegama elithi 五峰宜红茶 ezinhleni zabasebenzisi bophawu olukhethekile lwendawo yomlando, ezishicilelwa yi-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2023 no-2025), kubhalwe nezimpawu zabo zokuqinisekisa: № 26667468 no-№ 26667469, nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kuze kube nguMashi 2031; phakathi kwabasebenzisi kunezinkampani zetiye zesifunda. Ikhathalogi ehlanganisiwe yezindawo zomlando igcina zonke lezi zibhaliso njengento eyodwa. Ngokomthetho lezi zibhaliso zehlukene, futhi ngaphandle kwemithetho yokusetshenziswa kophawu lwe-"五峰红茶" ukufana kwezidingo ngaphansi kwamagama amabili akufakazelwanga ngombhalo.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 ze-五峰宜红茶: 110°15′–111°25′ E, 29°56′–30°25′ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1824 — ukuqala kwetiye elibomvu e-Yuyangguan.** Ngokwencwadi ye-Hubei Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission, ngalo nyaka umthengisi wetiye wase-Canton "钧大福" waletha e-Yuyangguan izingcweti ezivela e-Jiangxi futhi wafundisa abantu bendawo ukuvuna nokwenza itiye elibomvu. I-"经济日报" (2024) ibhala ukuthi i-Yihong yasuka e-Yuyangguan yaya emakethe yomhlaba "kusukela ngekhulu le-18"; umehluko angizange ngiwuxazulule.
    * **Ukuphela kwekhulu le-19 — ukuqala kwekhulu le-20 — izindlu zakwamanye amazwe.** Kuleyo ncwadi kuthiwa ngeminyaka ye-Guangxu nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki e-Yuyangguan kwakusebenza izindlu zetiye i-Yuan Tai ne-Xin Tai, ezavulwa yizindlu zokuhweba zase-Hankou ezazivela e-Russia, kanye nendlu yabathengisi baseBrithani i-Bao Shun He, sezizonke cishe izindlu zetiye ezingamashumi amathathu. Le ncwadi iphinde ikhulume ngesimemezelo se-Hubei likin office (厘金局) sokuqoqwa kwentela, esashicilelwa ku-"万国公报" ngomhla ka-1 Julayi 1876.
    * **1924.** Ngesicelo sokumelwa kwamaShayina kwe-Centrosoyuz yase-USSR, inkampani yase-Hankou i-Zhongxinchang yavula indawo yayo yokugcina itiye e-Yuyangguan.
    * **1937–1938.** I-Hubei Tea Improvement Institute yathuthela e-Yuyangguan isuka e-Yangloudong futhi yaba yi-Yuyangguan Tea Improvement Station; ngo-1938 i-China Tea Company yavula lapha i-Wufeng Tea Refining Factory (五峰精制茶厂).
    * **Isikhathi seRiphabhuliki.** I-Yihong, eyayilungiswa e-Yuyangguan, yayibekwa ezingeni elifanayo namatiye abomvu ase-Qimen nase-Yunnan: "amatiye amathathu amakhulu abomvu ase-China."
    * **2017.** Ngo-28 Juni kwabhaliswa izimpawu ezimbili zokuqinisekisa indawo zomlando ze-"五峰红茶": № 17790712 no-№ 17790713 (isigaba 30, umkhiqizo itiye); umnikazi yi-Wufeng Tea Industry Association (五峰茶业协会), isikhathi sokusebenza kuze kube ngu-27 Juni 2027. Ngosuku olufanayo inhlangano efanayo yathola izimpawu ezimbili ze-"[五峰毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wufeng-mao-jian)".
    * **2018.** I-Yuyangguan yathola isiqu se-"world tea tourism ancient town" kwi-International Tea Committee.
    * **2025.** Ngesaziso se-CNIPA № 640 somhla ka-16 Julayi igama elithi 五峰宜红茶 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onendawo yomlando (umugqa 755 wephakeji lemikhiqizo eyi-1409); umfakisicelo yi-Wufeng Tea Industry Association efanayo.
* **Igama:** "Wufeng" (五峰) lisho "iziqongo ezinhlanu", igama lesifunda; "hóngchá" (红茶) lisho itiye elibomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Uhulumeni wase-Hubei ubeka i-Wufeng phakathi kwezifunda ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokukhiqiza itiye esifundazweni, kanye ne-Hefeng, i-Zhuxi, i-Dawu ne-Yingshan. I-Yuyangguan ibizwa ngesinye sezizinda ze-Great Tea Road (万里茶道).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-Cultivar:** Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 ze-五峰宜红茶 zisho izinhlobo ezithi 鄂茶7号, 五峰212, 五峰310 kanye nendawo yendawo (五峰[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)).
* **Izinto ezisetshenziswayo nokuvuna:** Ngokwezidingo ezifanayo, isivande sivulwa lapho amaphesenti angu-5 amahlumela amasha esefikelela kumazinga okuvuna; kuvunwa ngesikhathi futhi ngezigaba eziningana, akuthathwa amaqabunga anezinsalela ze-pesticide nawonakaliswe yizilokazane. Ngophawu ngokwalo lwe-"五峰红茶" azikho izidingo emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isifunda esinezintaba entshonalanga ye-Hubei, esifundeni sedolobha sase-Yichang.
* **Ukuphakama:** Ngokwencwadi ye-"经济日报" (2024), esifundeni ngaphansi kuka-1000 m ikakhulukazi kutshalwa itiye, kanti ngenhla kunezitshalo zokwelapha.
* **Isimo sezulu kanye nomhlabathi:** Incazelo yendawo yezolimo evela emlandweni ye-五峰宜红茶 (2013) njengoba idluliselwa ezincwadini eziyisithenjwa: isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, cishe amahora elanga angu-1554 ngonyaka, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo lonyaka lingu-13.1 °C, imvula ingu-1588 mm, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-250; umhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ubumba oluphuzi lwasezintabeni, pH ngokuvamile ingu-4.5–6.0. Umhlabathi ne-pH kuyaphindwa futhi ezidingweni ze-CNIPA zika-2025: ikakhulukazi ubumba oluphuzi lwasezintabeni, olunongqimba olujulile oluxekethile. Ayikho incazelo ehlukile yophawu lwe-"五峰红茶".
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwencwadi efanayo ka-2024, izivande zetiye zesifunda zithatha ama-mu angu-220,000, kuthi angu-73,000 mu alawo ase-Caihua township; isigodi sivuna amathani angu-60,000 amaqabunga amasha futhi sikhiqize amathani angu-15,000 etiye elomile ngonyaka: ingxenye yomkhiqizo wesifunda. Ukuthi kungakanani kulokhu okuyitiye elibomvu akushiwongo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubunzulu bobuchwepheshe abukho ngaphansi kwanoma yiliphi igama emithonjeni etholakele. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu lumi kanje:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Amaseli eqabunga ayaphuka, ijusi liphumele phezulu.
3.  **I-Oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga liba bomvu, kuvele iphunga kanye nokunambitheka.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.

Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba. Incazelo yendawo yezolimo evela emlandweni ye-五峰宜红茶 ezincwadini eziyisithenjwa ikhuluma ngezigaba ezifanayo futhi yengeza ukuhlukaniswa (精选, *jīngxuǎn*). Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zokulungisa zikhuluma kuphela ngokulethwa kweqabunga: ngokushesha, ngezimoto ezikhethekile, ngaphandle kokucindezelwa, ukushisa, ilanga nemvula.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngezansi kuyincazelo evela ezidingweni ze-CNIPA zika-2025 ze-五峰宜红茶, igama lesibili elivikelwe letiye elifanayo; amazwi afanayo ashiwo ezincwadini eziyisithenjwa avela embhalweni wendawo yezolimo ka-2013. Ayikho incazelo ehlukile yophawu lwe-"五峰红茶" emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Kwi-五峰宜红茶: eligoqwe ngokuqinile nangokucolekile, elinamathiphu egolide, umbala omnyama, onamafutha (条索紧细有金毫，色泽乌润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomuthi ophuzwayo:** Kwi-五峰宜红茶: limnandi, lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气甜纯高长).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kwi-五峰宜红茶: okugcwele, okuthambile futhi okusha (滋味醇厚鲜爽).
* **Umbala womuthi ophuzwayo:** Kwi-五峰宜红茶: obomvu, okhanyayo (汤色红亮).
* **Izimpande zetiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe):** Kwi-五峰宜红茶: elibomvu, elikhanyayo, elithambile (叶底红亮柔软).

Ngokwencazelo efanayo, umuthi ophuzwayo opholayo uveza "ukungaqondakali okubandayo" (冷后浑, *lěng hòu hún*), ukufiphala okunjengobisi. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ichaza amaqoqo angcono kakhulu e-五峰宜红茶 ngamanye amazwi: umbala obomvu ojulile osobala, ukunambitheka okugcwele okusha, iphunga eliphakeme elinamandla (汤色红浓透明，滋味浓厚鲜爽，香气高爽持久).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ukuhlaziywa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "五峰红茶" akukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokombiko we-Yichang Agricultural Bureau (2021), ngesikhathi i-五峰宜红茶 ifakwa ohlwini lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo yezolimo eyaziwayo, ekhethekile futhi emisha (全国名特优新农产品), ukuhlolwa kwathola ukuthi izinto ezikhishwayo, ama-phenoli etiye, i-zinc kanye ne-gamma-aminobutyric acid kuyona ziphakeme kunamanani wesithenjwa; kodwa leyo nhlangano ayizisho izinombolo ngokwazo.

Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 ze-五峰宜红茶 zibeka umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, umlotha ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, futhi izinto ezikhishwayo zingabi ngaphansi kuka-32 % nge-100 g yetiye elomile. Lena indinganiso yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kwaleli gama; izinga lophawu ngokwalo lwe-"五峰红茶" angizange ngilibone.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Akukho bufakazi obuqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
* **Imbiza:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukushisisa imbiza.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala: ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-30–60.
    4. Okulandelayo: ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane.
    5. Ukuphisa okuphindwe kahlanu noma kuyisithupha.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude nephunga.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lokuqinisekisa indawo zomlando lwe-"五峰红茶" (№ 17790712 noma № 17790713).
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Wufeng County futhi uvunyelwe inhlangano yesifunda.
    * Khumbula ukuthi itiye elifanayo lingaphuma futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi 五峰宜红茶, nophawu lwalo lokuqinisekisa noma uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo yomlando. Ilungelo lophawu olukhethekile, ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025, umkhiqizi osendaweni ulithola ngehhovisi lesifunda lempahla yobuhlakani, ngemva kokuhlolwa yi-Hubei Intellectual Property Office kanye nokugunyazwa yi-CNIPA (bheka isigaba 1).
    * Ungadidanisi ne-Yichang Yihong yesifunda (宜昌宜红): lokhu kuyibhaliso elihlukile elinendawo ebanzi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwango-2020, inhlangano eyodwa yesifunda inezimpawu zetiye ezinhlanu: "五峰绿茶" (2012), ezimbili ze-"五峰红茶" kanye nezimbili ze-"五峰[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian)" (zombili zango-2017).
* I-Wufeng akufanele ididaniswe nentaba i-Wufengshan (五峰山) emaphethelweni edolobha lase-Enshi: lokhu kuyingxenye yendawo ye-Enshi Yulu eluhlaza, itiye elihluke ngokuphelele kanye nesifunda esihlukile.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Hubei:**

* **Yíhóng Gōngfū ([宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lesifunda sase-Yichang ne-Enshi; i-Wufeng ingesinye sezifunda zalo zomlando, i-Yuyangguan iyisizinda sokuhweba kwalo.
* **Wǔfēng Máo Jiān (五峰毛尖):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo; izimpawu zatholwa yinhlangano efanayo ngosuku olufanayo.
* **Cǎihuā Máo Jiān ([采花毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/caihua-mao-jian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Caihua township e-Wufeng County.
* **Lìchuān Hóng ([利川红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lichuan-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu lase-Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture elingumakhelwane.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Wufeng Hongcha yigama lesifunda letiye elibomvu elinomlando ojulile wendawo: ngokwencwadi yesifundazwe, kusukela ngo-1824 i-Yuyangguan yafunda ukwenza itiye elibomvu, yahweba ngalo nezindlu zaseRussia nezaseBrithani, futhi ngeminyaka yawo-1930 yamukela isikhungo setiye sesifundazwe. Uphawu ngokwalo lusha ngo-2017, kanti ukubukeka kwetiye kuchazwa ngaphansi kwegama lalo lesibili elivikelwe, i-五峰宜红茶: iqabunga eligoqwe ngokuqinile nangokucolekile elinamathiphu egolide kanye nomuthi ophuzwayo obomvu okhanyayo, oba nokufiphala lapho uphola.