---
title: "Tōngshān hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tongshan-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tōngshān hóngchá (通山红茶)

**I-Tongshan Hongcha** (*Tōngshān hóngchá*, 通山红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseTongshan (通山县) ngaphansi kwedolobha i-Xianning eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Indawo evikelwe yimizana emihlanu namalokishi amahlanu enkabeni yoluhlu lwezintaba i-Mufu (幕阜山脉) eningizimu ye-Hubei: intaba i-Jiugongshan (九宫山) nezintaba eziyizingele. Igama livikelwe kabili, njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo futhi njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, olwaqashelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office ngo-2025. Izidingo zokuvikela ezihambisana nalokhu kuqashelwa zisho izinhlobo, ukuphakama kwezingadi, inhlabathi kanye nenqubo yokucubungula, kanti ukubukeka kuchazwa kafushane: iqabunga limnyama futhi licwebezela, iphunga liphakeme futhi lihlanzekile, iqabunga eliphekiwe lifiphalile kancane.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elibiliswe ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibalwe egameni elivikelwe futhi siqinisekiswa yinqubo yokucubungula evela ezidingweni zokuvikela: ukubuna (萎凋), ukusonga (揉捻), ukubila (发酵), ukomisa (干燥).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lasentabeni laseningizimu ne-Hubei; uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), idolobha i-Xianning (咸宁, *Xiánníng*), isifunda sase-Tongshan (通山, *Tōngshān*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesithasiselo sesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 640, amayunithi amahlanu esifunda: amadolobhana i-Xiapu (厦铺镇), i-Chuangwang (闯王镇), i-Jiugongshan (九宫山镇), i-Honggang (洪港镇) kanye nelokishi i-Yangfanglin (杨芳林乡). Isithasiselo sicacisa indawo: ingxenye emaphakathi yoluhlu lwezintaba i-Mufu eningizimu ye-Hubei, intaba i-Jiugongshan nezintaba eziyizingele.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 114°15′–114°58′ empumalanga, 29°19′–29°33′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Uphawu lwezolimo.** I-Tongshan Hongcha ibhaliswe njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo lwe-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ngaphansi kwenombolo AGI03366. Usuku lokubhalisa alukho emibhalweni engiyitholile.
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo No. 640 sango-16 kuJulayi 2025 (esashicilelwa ngo-13 Agasti), i-State Intellectual Property Office yaqashela amagama angu-1409 njengemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo, kusukela kuma-apula «延庆国光苹果» kuya etiyeni; i-Tongshan Hongcha iphakathi kwawo. Umfakisicelo — inhlangano yetiye yaseJiugongshan yesifunda saseTongshan (通山县[九宫山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiugongshan-cha)叶协会). Isimemezelo sinamathiselwe imininingwane ngemikhiqizo kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwayo.
    * **Igama elingomakhelwane.** Ngesimemezelo esifanayo nangesicelo senhlangano efanayo kwaqashelwa no-«九宫山茶» — itiye eliluhlaza elinendawo efanayo yamadolobhana namalokishi amahlanu.
    * **Imibhalo emidala.** Angizange ngiwuthole umlando obhaliwe wetiye elibomvu laseTongshan emibhalweni yokuqala.
* **Igama:** 通山 yigama lesifunda, 红茶 lisukela ku-«itiye elibomvu».
* **Umongo wamasiko wendawo:** Idolobhana i-Chuangwang, eliyingxenye yendawo, liqanjwe ngesidlaliso sika-Li Zicheng (李自成) — «Chuang-wang» (闯王), umholi wokuvukela kwabalimi owaketula ubukhosi bakwa-Ming. Ngokwesiko, washonela eJiugongshan, futhi esifundeni kunethuna lakhe. Indawo yokufa kwakhe iyaphikisana: i-Wikipedia yesiShayina ibika ukuthi amathuna ka-Li Zicheng akhona esifundeni saseTongcheng esifundeni esifanayo, naseShimen eHunan. Lona umlando wendawo, hhayi isici setiye. I-Jiugongshan futhi iyintaba yamaDaoist kanye nesiqiwu semvelo sikahulumeni; ubuhlobo bezindela netiye lapha abufakazelwa yimibhalo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — inani lendawo (当地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) kanye nezinhlobo zeminyaka yakamuva zochungechunge lwaseHubei lwe-«Echa», ngokwesibonelo i-Echa 8 (鄂茶8, *Èchá 8*) ne-Wufeng 212 (五峰212, *Wǔfēng 212*).
* **Ukuvuna:** Umbhalo awubeki izinga lokuvuna, kodwa imigomo yalo: ukukhipha amahlumela ebusweni bomqhele nokulondoloza isisekelo sawo, ukuthatha indawo emaphakathi nokulondoloza izinhlangothi, amahlumela aphezulu nokulondoloza aphansi, amaningi nokulondoloza ayingcosana, amakhulu nokulondoloza amancane (采面养底、采中养侧、采高养低、采密养稀、采大养小).
* **Izinga lokuvuna kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholiwe.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Hubei. Ngokwe-Wikipedia yesiShayina, i-Jiugongshan isenkabeni yoluhlu lwezintaba i-Mufu futhi inomngcele nesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi; isiqongo esikhulu singu-1656 m. Esifundeni, ngokwe-Wikipedia efanayo, kunamadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili namalokishi amane.
* **Ukuma kwendawo:** Ngokwezixhumanisi, indawo ilele eningizimu yesikhungo sesifunda i-Tongyang (通羊镇), esingeyona ingxenye yayo.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** 400–900 m — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
* **Inhlabathi:** Futhi lapho — inhlabathi enesihlabathi esine-loam emadwaleni abolekile (风化石砂质壤) kanye nenhlabathi ephuzi-nsundu (黄棕壤) yokuvunda okuphakathi nendawo. Izinto eziphilayo zingama-5,31 % ngokwesilinganiso, i-nitrogen ephelele ingu-0,12 %, i-phosphorus etholakalayo ingu-16–21 mg/kg, i-potassium etholakalayo ingu-13 mg/kg, i-pH ingu-4,5–5,5.
* **Ukutshala nokunakekela:** Izithombo zitshalwa cishe ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wasebusika, kungakadluli uFebhuwari; zitshalwa ngemigqa emibili ngesitshalo esisodwa noma ezimbili esidlekeni, kube ngamahlumela angu-5000–6000 nge-mu. Ebusika, nge-mu ngayinye kufakwa amakhilogremu angu-300 ekhekhe le-rapeseed noma lamantongomane noma amakhilogremu angu-1000 omquba wengulube noma wenkukhu kanye namakhilogremu angu-50 omquba ohlanganisiwe wezinto eziphilayo namakhilogremu angu-50 kamanyolo we-phosphorus — emgodini ojulile ngaphansi komphetho womqhele.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka ukulandelana kwemisebenzi, kodwa hhayi amazinga okushisa nezikhathi.

* **Ukucubungula kokuqala (初制, *chūzhì*):**
    1. **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
    2. **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
    3. **Ukubila (发酵, *fājiào*).**
    4. **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).** Kuvela itiye elimahhadla — i-maocha (毛茶, *máochá*); liyahlolwa, likalwe, lipakishwe futhi lithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina.
* **Ukucwengwa (精制, *jīngzhì*):** I-maocha iyahlanganiswa ngezigaba, ihlungwa (筛制, *shāizhì*), iphephululwa (风选, *fēngxuǎn*), kukhethwa izinhlayiya zangaphandle (拣剔, *jiǎntī*), kuhlolwe, kwakhiwe inhlanganisela yetiye eseliphelile, kufaniswe isigaba (匀堆, *yúnduī*), kome omisiwe (补火, *bǔhuǒ*), kulinganiswe futhi kupakishwe.

Amapharamitha — izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ubude bokubila — awunikwanga embhalweni.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokubukeka:**

Ukubukeka — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela. Umbhalo uchaza itiye kabili, esigabeni sezokunambitha nasesigabeni sezinkomba ze-physicochemical, futhi embaleni wokumnika izincazelo ziyahluka.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Isimo esihle, kumnyama futhi kucwebezela (外形优美，色泽乌润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
* **Iphunga lokumnika:** Liphakeme futhi lihlanzekile (香气高纯); encazelweni yesibili — iphunga lezimbali lemvelo, eliqhubekayo (天然花香持久).
* **Ukunambitha:** Kuthambile, kugcwele futhi kuqabulayo (滋味醇厚爽口); itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kwamanzi amaningi (耐冲泡).
* **Umbala wokumnika:** Kubomvu okhanyayo (汤色浅红) — esigabeni sezokunambitha; kubomvu futhi kukhazimulayo (汤色红亮) — encazelweni yesibili.
* **Iqabunga eliphekiwe (ittiye phansi):** Lifiphalile kancane (叶底稍暗).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zisho izinkomba ezintathu:

| Inkomba | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| I-polyphenols yetiye | okungenani 22,2 % |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | okungenani 2,7 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 42,4 % |

Izinombolo ezifanayo ezintathu zibhalwe ezidingweni zetiye eliluhlaza i-九宫山茶 elesimemezelo esifanayo. Ayikho imininingwane nge-caffeine nezinye izinto.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma ititshala lobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
    2. Ukuthela amanzi etiyeni.
    3. Ukumnika kokuqala — cishe umzuzu.
    4. Ukukhipha ukumnika ngokuphelele.
    5. Ukuphindwa kokuthelwa kwamanzi okuningana, ngakunye kube kudlula okwedlule; umbhalo uyaphawula ukuthi itiye liyakwazi ukumelana nakho.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, ephaketheni eliminyene, kude namaphunga nomswakama.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho idatha ngentengo emithonjeni etholiwe.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo; ilungelo lophawu olukhethekile luvunyelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye lenziwe kwelinye lamayunithi amahlanu endawo — i-Xiapu, i-Chuangwang, i-Jiugongshan, i-Honggang noma i-Yangfanglin — hhayi nje esifundeni saseTongshan.
    * Iqabunga elomile — limnyama futhi licwebezela, iqabunga eliphekiwe — lifiphalile kancane.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Indawo evikelwe akusona sonke isifunda, kodwa amadolobhana amahlanu namalokishi azungeze i-Jiugongshan; isikhungo sesifunda asiyona ingxenye yayo.
* Inhlangano efanayo ngesimemezelo esifanayo yathola ukuvikelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza i-九宫山茶 elinendawo efanayo, futhi izidingo ze-physicochemical zamatiye amabili zibhalwe ngokufanayo.
* Isiqongo esikhulu se-Jiugongshan siphakama sifike ku-1656 m, kanti izingadi, ngokombhalo, azikho ngaphezu kuka-900 m.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:**

* **I-Ninghong Gong Fu ([宁红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ninghong-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu laseJiangxi lesifunda saseXiushui; izingadi zalo ezinhle kakhulu, ngokwe-athikili ye-encyclopedia ngaye, zilele ezintabeni zoluhlu olufanayo lwe-Mufu.
* **I-Tonggu Ninghong ([铜鼓宁红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tonggu-ninghong)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseTonggu eJiangxi ngaphansi kwegama lomlando elithi «ninghong».
* **I-Yihong Gong Fu ([宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lakudala laseHubei lasentshonalanga yesifundazwe.
* **I-Hubei Qing Zhuan ([湖北青砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hubei-qing-zhuan)):** Itiye elimnyama elicindezelwe lesifunda saseXianning; i-Tongshan ibalwa phakathi kwezifunda lapho lenziwa khona — elinye isigaba esifundeni esifanayo.

**Ukuphetha:**

I-Tongshan Hongcha itiye elibomvu laseningizimu ne-Hubei elisuka entabeni i-Jiugongshan nasezintabeni ezizungezile zenkaba yoluhlu lwe-Mufu. Imibhalo isho indawo, izinhlobo, ukuphakama kwezingadi okungu-400–900 m kanye nenqubo yokucubungula, kanti ukubukeka kukudweba kafushane: iqabunga elimnyama elicwebezelayo, iphunga eliphakeme elihlanzekile, ukunambitha okuthambile okugcwele. Izikhathi zokuvuna, amapharamitha okubila kanye nomlando waleli tiye elibomvu awukakatholakali emithonjeni etholiwe okwamanje.