---
title: "Tónglú xuěshuǐ yúnlǜ chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tonglu-xueshui-yunlu-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tónglú xuěshuǐ yúnlǜ chá (桐庐雪水云绿茶)

**I-Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha** (*Tónglú xuěshuǐ yúnlǜ chá*, 桐庐雪水云绿茶) — itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngeqhumu elilodwa lomdlandla lasesifundeni sase-Tonglu (桐庐县) esifundeni sikamasipala sase-Hangzhou, esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Igama elithi «amanzi eghwa» liyigama lendawo, inkaba ye-Xueshuiling (雪水岭) esigodini sase-Xinhe, kanti elithi «okuluhlaza okunamafu» kungumfanekiso wezintaba ezisenkungwini. Itiye ladalwa ngo-1987. Izidingo zomkhiqizo zilichaza njengelithi «iqhumu elilodwa elinosokhele», okusho ukuthi amaqhumu agcinwa emigqeni eqondile kuzo zonke izigaba, futhi engilazini ame aqonde. Leli gama livikelwa ngophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kanti kusukela ngo-2025 futhi njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Izinga lisungulwa ubuchwepheshe obuvela ezidingweni zomkhiqizo: ukunwetshwa emgqonyeni, ukomisa kanye nokwakheka, ngaphandle kokubila noma ukufakwa komoyampilo. Uphawu oluthi «绿» egameni lesigaba alufakazeli: luyingxenye yenhlanganisela yesithombe ethi 云绿, «okuluhlaza okunamafu».
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza elinosokhele elenziwe ngamaqhumu awodwa; elinye lamatiye aqanjwe ngegama lesifunda sase-Hangzhou.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), isifunda sikamasipala sase-Hangzhou (杭州, *Hángzhōu*), isifunda sase-Tonglu (桐庐, *Tónglú*). Indawo eyinhloko — isigodi sase-Xinhe (新合乡).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Izigodi nezindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye zesifunda sase-Tonglu: i-Xinhe (新合), i-Zhongshan (钟山), i-Baijiang (百江), i-Hecun (合村), i-Fenshui (分水), i-Yaolin (瑶琳), i-Hengcun (横村), i-Fuchunjiang (富春江) kanye ne-Fengchuan (embhalweni kubhalwe 风川), kanti kuzo kunamadolobhana angu-59. Umfakisicelo — Inhlangano Yemboni Yetiye yesifunda sase-Tonglu (桐庐县茶叶产业协会).
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** Imingcele yendawo — 119°10′–119°58′ empumalanga kanye no-29°35′–30°05′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ubukhosi bakwaTang.** Ku-«Canon of Tea» (茶经, *Chájīng*) ka-Lu Yu kuthiwa itiye lesifunda sase-Muzhou likhula ezigodini zezintaba zesifunda sase-Tonglu. Lokhu kuwubufakazi ngetiye lesifunda jikelele, hhayi nge-Xueshui Yunlü yamanje.
    * **Ubukhosi bakwaSong.** Imithombo yendawo icaphuna amarekhodi ebukhosini bakwaMing athi «Notes from the Six Inkstones Study» (六研斋笔记) ka-Li Rihua: sengathi kakade ngesikhathi sase-Song itiye lendawo laliyiswa enteleni. Izincwadi zezinkomba ziphinde zithi lathola indondo embukisweni womhlaba ka-1915. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubhalwa ngokuqondile nge-«Xueshui Yunlü», kodwa igama lavela kuphela ngo-1987, ngakho kungase kube ngetiye lesifunda kuphela; imithombo yokuqala angiyibonanga.
    * **1987.** Itiye ladalwa ngesimo salo samanje.
    * **1991.** Umklomelo wokuthi «itiye elidumile lamasiko» (文化名茶) ku-International Tea Culture Festival e-Hangzhou.
    * **2011–2012.** Ngokwencazelo yezinkomba, ngomhla ka-20 Disemba 2011 uMnyango Wezolimo wagunyaza ukubhaliswa kophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (inombolo AGI00776); isitifiketi, ngokombiko wephephabhuku lemboni, satholwa ngo-2012. Ngakho-ke emithonjeni kutholakala zombili izinsuku.
    * **2025.** Ihhovisi likahulumeni lempahla yobuhlakani ngesimemezelo № 640 laqaphela i-Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo futhi lagunyaza izidingo zawo.
* **Igama:**
    * Elithi «Tonglu» (桐庐) — igama lesifunda; elithi «Xueshui» (雪水, *xuěshuǐ*) — «amanzi eghwa», lisuselwa enkabeni ye-Xueshuiling.
    * Elithi «Yunlü» (云绿, *yúnlǜ*) — «okuluhlaza okunamafu»: ngokwemithombo yendawo, igama linikezwe ngoba izingadi eziseduze ne-Xueshuiling nentaba i-Tiantangshan ziphakeme, zinezinkungu ezivamile nokubanda.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Itiye eliqanjwe ngegama lesifunda sase-Tonglu; abezindaba bendawo balibiza ngokuthi «umsunguli wamatiye anosokhele» (针形茶鼻祖). Izidingo zomkhiqizo zigqamisa ukubukeka kwalo: amaqhumu aphakelwe «ame enkomishini aqonde kahle» (婷婷玉立).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Izidingo zibiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko ngokuthi i-Jiukeng (鸠坑, *Jiūkēng*), i-Zhenong 117 (浙农117, *Zhènóng 117*) kanye ne-Longjing changye (龙井长叶, *Lóngjǐng chángyè*), kunesibekelo esithi «nezinye». Izincazelo zezinkomba zibiza nezinye izinhlobo ezifanelekile — i-Fuding dabaicha (福鼎大白茶), i-Yingshuang (迎霜), i-Wuniu zao ([乌牛早](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuniu-zao)), i-Longjing 43 (龙井43); abezindaba bendawo bango-2017 babhala ukuthi esigodini sase-Xinhe lenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-Wuniu zao ne-Zaofengchun (早逢春).
* **Ukuvuna:** Intwasahlobo. Abezindaba bendawo bango-2017 babhala ukuthi e-Xinhe ukuvuna kuqala cishe ngesikhathi somkhosi we-Qingming (ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) futhi kuphela cishe ngesikhathi se-Lixia (ekuqaleni kukaMeyi); kweminye iminyaka ukuvuna kokuqala kwabikwa kakade ngoMashi.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Iqhumu elilodwa kuphela — elilinganayo, elihlanzekile nelisha. Kukhiwa «ngokuphakamisa isandla» (提手采) futhi kufakwa obhasikidini abahlanzekile abalukiwe. Izidingo zihlukanisa impahla eluhlaza ibe ngamazinga amathathu: kuwo wonke — amaqhumu aphelele ngaphandle kwamaxolo, «amaqabunga enhlanzi» kanye nezimpawu zezifo; ezingeni lokuqala aqinile, kwelesibili akukho maqhumu ansomi, kwelesithathu kuvunyelwa amaqhumu angenalutho kancane.
* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ithi cishe amaqhumu ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngekhilogremu yetiye elomile. Iphephandaba lesifunda linikeza cishe ama-jin amane amaqhumu amasha kanye namaqhumu angaba ngu-26 000 nge-jin yetiye elomile — okungukuthi cishe ingxenye yamanani amaqhumu ngeyunithi yesisindo. Ukwehluka angikuxazululanga.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo, isifunda silele endaweni enezintaba eziphansi nezimaphakathi namagquma asenyakatho-ntshona ye-Zhejiang, osebeni lwemifula i-Fuchunjiang ne-Fenshuijiang (分水江). Izingadi eziyinhloko — esigodini sase-Xinhe, eduze komfudlana i-Huyuanxi (壶源溪), enkabeni ye-Xueshuiling nasentabeni i-Tiantangshan (天堂山).
* **Ubude bendawo yokutshala:** Izidingo zikhuluma ngezindawo ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni eziphansi ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Ngokwezincazelo zezinkomba, iziqongo eziyinhloko zentaba-mkhawulo e-Xinhe — i-Longxianding (龙涎顶) ne-Shansanjian (山桑尖) — zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-900. Ubude bezivande ngokwazo abukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ephuzi, inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-loam emaphakathi — ejulile, evundile, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ebamba kahle amanzi nomoya. Ubukhulu bongqimba — ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-70, i-pH 4,5–6,5.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo — umngcele oseningizimu webhande le-monsoon elishisayo: izinga lokushisa lonyaka lesifunda lingu-17 °C, imvula engaba ngu-1452 mm, amahora elanga angaba ngu-1990, izinsuku ezingama-250 ezingenasithwathwa, umswakama ophansi ungama-80 %. Esigodini esisezintabeni sase-Xinhe abezindaba bendawo babiza izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo elingaba ngu-15 °C nezinkungu ezivamile.
* **Ubukhulu:** Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo, ngo-2011 ngaphansi kwaleli tiye kwakusetshenziswa amahektha angu-3334, umkhiqizo — amathani angu-400.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Isici esiyinhloko, ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo, — «ukwakha inaliti ngeqhumu» (芽针做形, *yá zhēn zuò xíng*): ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa amaqhumu agcinwa emigqeni eqondile ngaphandle kokucindezela, ekomeni kokuqala nasekwakhekeni — emigqeni eqondile ngokucindezela okuncane, ukuze ikhasi elomile liphume liqondile, njengenaliti. Izidingo zomkhiqizo zibeka uchungechunge nemingcele:

1.  **Ukwenza ikhasi libune (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Amaqhumu andalala ungqimba olungaphezu kwamasentimitha amabili ezitsheni eziyindilinga ezihlanzekile, amahora ayisi-6–12, ephendulwa ngokucophelela. Ukuvuthwa — amaqhumu athambile, ukucwebezela kuphelile, kuvele iphunga elihlanzekile.
2.  **Ukunwetshwa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Emgqonyeni, oshiselwe ku-250 °C, ngezikhindi ezingaba ngu-40 g, ngokuphephetha umoya lapho kuphuma. Umbala ushintsha usuka kokuluhlaza okukhazimulayo uye kokuluhlaza okumnyama, iphunga lotshani liyahamba. Izidingo ziyaxwayisa: ikhasi elinwetshiwe akumele lishiywe linqwabelene, ngoba lizo-«phuzi ukubila» futhi lonakale.
3.  **Ukomiswa kokuqala ngokuqondanisa (初焙理条, *chūbèi lǐtiáo*):** Emshinini wokomisa nokuqondanisa, ngomoya oshisayo 125–150 °C, imizuzu eyi-8–10; ikhasi lilahlekelwa cishe amaphesenti angu-30 wesisindo futhi loma cishe izingxenye eziyisithupha kweziyishumi.
4.  **Ukwakheka (整形, *zhěngxíng*):** Emshinini wethreyi ku-90 °C, ngama-50–70 g ithreyi ngalinye, imizuzu emi-4–5, kuze kube amaqhumu aqonda; bese kuphola.
5.  **Ukomiswa kwesibili (复焙, *fùbèi*):** Ngomoya oshisayo 85–90 °C cishe imizuzu engu-20, kuze kufinyelele ezingxenyeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi zokoma.
6.  **Ukushisisa ebhodweni ukwenza iphunga (辉锅提香, *huīguō tíxiāng*):** Ngama-250 g, ku-60–70 °C cishe imizuzu eyi-10; ngaphambi kokukhipha ibhodwe lishiselwa ku-85 °C, ukuze kuvele uboya obuncane bese kuphakama iphunga. Umswakama wetiye eliqediwe — ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-6.
7.  **Ukuhlunga (分级, *fēnjí*).**

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

* **Isimo sekhasi elomile:** Iqhumu elilodwa elinosokhele, eliluhlaza ngobumnene (外形单芽针形，色泽嫩绿). Izincazelo zezinkomba zengeza: liqondile, licinene, licindezelwe kancane, linophoyinti olubonakalayo (紧直略扁、芽锋显露).
* **Iphunga lekhasi elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokuphaphamayo, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽回甘).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Obala futhi okhanyayo (清澈明亮).
* **Amaqabunga angaphansi (ikhasi eliphisiwe):** Aluhlaza ngobumnene futhi aphelele (嫩绿完整); enkomishini amaqhumu ame aqonde, aqondile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zomkhiqizo zithi itiye licebile ngama-polyphenol nama-amino acid, futhi zibeka imingcele:

| Isilinganiso | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 % |
| I-fiber emahhadlahhadla | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-12 % |
| Ama-amino acid | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2,0 % |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-36 % |

Le yimingcele yokuvunyelwa, hhayi ukwakheka okukaliwe. Ayikho idatha mayelana nama-catechin ne-caffeine.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke elenziwe ngamaqhumu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi ende ecacile — kuyo kubonakala ukuthi amaqhumu ame aqonde.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa ingilazi.
    2. Thela amanzi amancane, faka itiye, vumela amaqhumu abe manzi.
    3. Thela amanzi odongeni kuze kufinyelele izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zengilazi.
    4. Phuza ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-1–2, lapho amaqhumu emile.
    5. Shiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokuphisa bese uthela amanzi; ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Ngaphambi kokuvula vumela iphakethe lifudumale lifinyelele izinga lokushisa legumbi. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho idatha yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Hlola uphawu lwendawo nokuthi umkhiqizi usesifundeni sase-Tonglu.
    * Ikhasi elomile — amaqhumu kuphela anosokhele, aluhlaza ngobumnene; amaqabunga avulekile awahlangabezani nezidingo.
    * Engilazini amaqhumu ame aqonde, ukuphisa kucacile futhi kukhanyayo, iphunga lihlanzekile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Igama letiye — yigama lendawo: «amanzi eghwa» — yinkaba ye-Xueshuiling esigodini sase-Xinhe.
* Isifunda sase-Tonglu sishiwo kakade ku-«Canon of Tea» ka-Lu Yu — njengendawo lapho kukhula khona itiye lesifunda sase-Muzhou.
* Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa idolobha i-Fuchunjiang, ngasemfuleni i-Fuchunjiang; usebe lwawo luboniswa kumqulu odumile ka-Huang Gongwang othi «Ukuhlala Ezintabeni Zase-Fuchun» (富春山居图).
* Elinye idolobha lendawo, i-Yaolin, laziwa ngomhume we-karst.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye esifunda sase-Hangzhou:**

* **I-Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Hangzhou, ikhasi licindezelwa ebhodweni libe yipuleti elibushelelezi; i-Xueshui Yunlü ineqhumu elilodwa elinosokhele.
* **I-Jing Shan Cha ([径山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jing-shancha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe lentaba i-Jingshan enyakatho yesifunda, elinesikole esihlukile sokwakheka.
* **I-Qiandao Yu Ye ([千岛玉叶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiandao-yu-ye)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Chun'an, eduze kwedamu lase-Qiandaohu.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha — igama elisha endaweni endala yetiye: isifunda sishiwo kakade ngu-Lu Yu, kanti itiye ngokwalo ladalwa ngo-1987. Izidingo zalo zinemininingwane engavamile — kusukela ebunzini bongqimba ngesikhathi sokwenza ikhasi libune kuya ezingeni lokushisa lebhodwe emizuzwini yokugcina, — futhi konke kugxile emgomweni owodwa: iqhumu elilodwa kumele lihlale liyinaliti eqondile. Enkomishini lokhu kubonakala ngokushesha: amaqhumu aluhlaza ngobumnene ame aqonde, ukuphisa kucacile, iphunga lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okusha nokubuya okumnandi.