---
title: "Tónggǔ nínghóng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tonggu-ninghong
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tónggǔ nínghóng (铜鼓宁红)

**I-Tonggu Ninghong** (*Tónggǔ nínghóng*, 铜鼓宁红) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Tonggu (铜鼓县) esifundeni sikaMasipala i-Yichun enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, emfuleni ongenhla woMfula i-Xiuhe emngceleni ne-Hunan. Igama elithi «ninghong» (宁红) yigama elingokomlando le-gongfu yetiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Ningzhou, elatholwa ifa yizifunda ezimbili ezingomakhelwane: i-Xiushui ne-Tonggu. Umkhiqizo ngamunye manje unegama lawo elivikelwe, indawo yawo kanye nenombolo yawo. Indawo ye-Tonggu Ninghong inamayunithi ayishumi nantathu esifunda, futhi amane ewonkana awawona amalokishi kodwa amahlathi; elinye lawo libizwa ngokuthi: i-Chashan, «intaba yetiye». Itiye lichazwa njengeligoqwe ngokuqinile, linemihlume egolide ebonakalayo, iphunga elimnandi kanye nokumnandi okubomvu okukhanyayo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibekwa yigama lomlando elithi 宁红 — yilelo elibizwa ngokuthi i-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yase-Ningzhou (工夫红茶, *gōngfu hóngchá*).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda elinokukhonjwa kwendawo; indlalifa ye-ninghong yomlando yokuthumela ngaphandle.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi (江西, *Jiāngxī*), isifunda sikamasipala i-Yichun (宜春, *Yíchūn*), isifunda sase-Tonggu (铜鼓, *Tónggǔ*).
* **Indawo yokuvikela:** Amayunithi ayishumi nantathu esifunda sase-Tonggu — amalokishi namadolobhana i-Gangkou (港口乡), i-Qiping (棋坪镇), i-Gaoqiao (高桥乡), i-Paibu (排埠镇), i-Wenquan (温泉镇), i-Yongning (永宁镇), i-Sandu (三都镇), i-Daduan (大塅镇), i-Daixi (带溪乡) kanye namahlathi amane: i-Huashan (花山林场), i-Daweishan (大沩山林场), i-Chashan (茶山林场) ne-Longmen (龙门林场). Lolu hlu lufanayo lukulesi simemezelo se-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 114°04′40″–114°43′54″ E, 28°22′59″–28°49′46″ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **I-Ninghong ngaphambi kwemingcele yesifunda.** Izincazelo zendawo zibiza i-Tonggu njengenye yezindawo zemvelaphi kanye nezindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-ninghong yomlando. Ngokwalezi zincazelo, phakathi ne-Ming ne-Qing, amatiye endawo «i-Ninghong Taizi» (宁红太子) kanye ne-«Quangang Longzhua» (泉港龙爪) ayethunyelwa enkantolo njengentela evela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda — e-Qiping, e-Youju (幽居) nase-Gangkou. Imibhalo lezi zincazelo ezincike kuyo angikaze ngiyibone.
    * **Isiqubulo.** Imibhalo yendawo iphinda ifomula ethi «唐载茶经，宋称绝品，明清入贡» — «ibhalwe ku- “Chajing”, yabizwa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nge-Song, nge-Ming ne-Qing yathunyelwa njengentela». Lena yifomula yokukhangisa, hhayi umlando.
    * **1915.** Izincwadi eziyizethenjwa zibhala ngendondo yegolide ye-ninghong embukisweni we-Panama-Pacific. Indondo iphathelene ne-ninghong jikelele, hhayi itiye lase-Tonggu ngokwehlukana.
    * **1950s.** Ngokwencazelo yendawo, itiye lase-Tonggu lalibizwa ngokuthi «itiye eliphambili lokuthumela eSoviet Union» (出口苏联王牌茶).
    * **2005.** Isifunda senza itiye isiqondiso sokuqala sokwakhiwa kabusha kwezolimo ngaphansi kwenqubo ethi «imvelo — isisekelo sesifunda, imisebenzi yezandla — ingcebo yabalimi».
    * **2006–2017. Imiklomelo yezimpawu zesifunda.** Isiliva emncintiswaneni wesifundazwe wamatiye adumile (2006), umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-VII we-«Zhonghua bei» we-China Tea Society (2007), umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-XII we-«Zhongcha bei» (2017) — bobathathu ngokwencwadi eyisithenjwa; kwakuklonyeliswa izimpawu ezithile zabakhiqizi.
    * **2019.** Ngokwencwadi eyisithenjwa, ngo-17 Januwari uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya wafaka i-Tonggu Ninghong kwirejista yezinkomba zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo; inombolo kwirejista — AGI02554.
    * **2025.** I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo No. 640 sango-16 Julayi yaqaphela imikhiqizo eyi-1409 enezinkomba zendawo; i-Tonggu Ninghong ingenye yazo.
* **Igama:** «I-Tonggu» (铜鼓) — «isigubhu sethusi». Ngokwesizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifunda, igama lanikezwa yidwala elikhulu empumalanga yedolobha: linombala ofana nothusi, lisesimweni sesigubhu, uma lishaywa liyazwakala. «I-Ning» (宁) — ivela esifundeni esingokomlando i-Ningzhou, «ihong» (红) — okubomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko:** Kwirejista kumi eduze ama-ninghong amabili — i-Tonggu Ninghong ne-Xiushui Ninghong Cha (修水宁红茶) yesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Jiujiang. Bobabili bathola ifa legama elilodwa lomlando, kodwa lezi yimikhiqizo evikelwe ehlukene enezindawo nezinombolo ezahlukene, futhi akufanele zihlanganiswe.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobonhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele; incazelo yokubukeka ikhombisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile ezinemihlume, kodwa izidingo zokuvuna angikaze ngizibone.
* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe embhalweni wokubhalisa, ophrintwa kabusha yizincwadi eziyizethenjwa kanye nefomula yendawo.

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-nyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Jiangxi, intshonalanga yomthambeka womngcele osenyakatho we-Luoxiao Range (罗霄山), imifuleni engenhla yoMfula i-Xiuhe (修河). Empumalanga isifunda sinomngcele ne-Yifeng, eningizimu ne-Wanzai, entshonalanga ne-Liuyang ne-Pingjiang yase-Hunan, enyakatho ne-Xiushui.
* **Ukwakheka komhlaba:** Indawo yehla ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga, amagquma nezintaba zihamba ngendlela eqhubekayo.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Kunomswakama, ingxenye esenyakatho ye-subtropics emaphakathi. Ubusika abunamakhaza amakhulu, ihlobo alinakho ukushisa okukhulu, izinkathi zonyaka zicacile. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-265: isithwathwa sokuqala cishe ngo-27 Novemba, sokugcina — cishe ngo-9 Mashi. Intwasahlobo ifudumala kancane, futhi amahlumela ahlala ethambile isikhathi eside. Kunamafu amaningi nenkungu, ukukhanya kuhlakazekile, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu, inhlabathi ephuzi yasezintabeni, inhlabathi ephuzi-ensundu yasezintabeni kanye nenhlabathi yasezintabeni; ungqimba lujiyile, lucebile ngezakhi, ludlulisa kahle amanzi nomoya.
* **Indawo kanye nokukhiqiza:** Ngokwemininingwane yokubhalisa — amahektare angama-7041 endawo evikelwe kanye namathani angama-2548 etiye ngonyaka.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe be-Tonggu Ninghong emithonjeni etholakele awukho. Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-gongfu yetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngokuqondile:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga elisha lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga lisongwa libe yintambo eqinile, amaseli ayaphuka, ijusi liphuma phezulu.
3.  **I-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga elisongiwe ligcinwa ekufudumaleni nasemswakameni kuze libe bomvu.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloze iphunga.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngezansi kunencazelo emfushane evela embhalweni wokubhalisa (产品特点). Izincwadi eziyizethenjwa ziletha nencazelo yesibili, enwetshiwe, enikezwe ngemuva kohlu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Licolekile, ligoqwe ngokuqinile, linemihlume egolide ebonakalayo, limnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokucwebezela (条索紧细、金毫显露、色泽乌润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokumnandi:** Limnandi futhi lijulile (甜香馥郁).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kushelelayo (滋味浓醇爽滑).
* **Umbala wokumnandi:** Ubomvu ngokukhanyayo, obala (汤色红艳明亮).
* **Amacembe etiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Abomvu futhi athambile (叶底红嫩).

Incazelo enwetshiwe: ukusonga kuqinile futhi kuhle, imihlume egolide iyabonakala, kuningi «izihloko ezibukhali» (锋苗, *fēngmiáo*), umbala unamafutha; ukunambitheka kusha, kuthambile futhi kugcwele, iphunga liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, iqabunga eliphekiwe libomvu, lithambile, linemihlume eminingi.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane yemvelo namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokuqondile.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba se-gongfu yetiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain; enkomishini emhlophe umbala obomvu wokumnandi ubonakala kahle.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Ukugeza akudingekile.
    4. Ukumnandi kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa.
    5. Thela ngokuphelele, ungashiyi itiye emanzini.
    6. Ukuphinda kuphindwe kathathu noma kane, ngakunye kudlula kancane.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ekushiseni kwegumbi, ekupakisheni okuqinile okungabonisi ukukhanya, kude nephunga nomswakama. Isiqandisi asidingeki etiyeni elibomvu.

**11. Intengo kanye Nokukopa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema okokukopa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo yokukhonjwa futhi uhlole ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Tonggu.
    * Ungadidanisi ne-Xiushui Ninghong Cha: lokhu akukhona ukukopa, kodwa igama elivikelwe elihlukile lesifunda esingumakhelwane.
    * Iqabunga — licolekile, liqinile, limnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemihlume egolide; ukumnandi — kubomvu ngokukhanyayo futhi obala, iphunga limnandi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Amayunithi amane kweshumi nantathu endawo — amahlathi, hhayi amalokishi. Elinye lawo, i-Chashan (茶山), libizwa ngokuthi «intaba yetiye».
* Isifunda siqanjwe ngedwala elifana nesigubhu sethusi futhi elizwakalayo uma lishaywa.
* Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa endaweni — izinsuku ezingama-265, futhi intwasahlobo ehamba kancane lapha ibhekwa njengenzuzo: ihlumela lihlala lithambile isikhathi eside.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye abomvu:**

* **I-Ninghong Gongfu ([宁红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ninghong-gong-fu)):** I-ninghong yomlando enesikhungo esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Xiushui; i-athikili ye-corpus iyayichaza futhi ikhuluma nge-Tonggu njengenye yezindawo eziseduze zokukhiqiza.
* **I-Qimen Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** I-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yesifunda sase-Qimen esifundazweni sase-Anhui.
* **I-Yihong Gongfu ([宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)):** I-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yesifundazwe sase-Hubei.
* **I-Jing'an Hongcha ([靖安红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jing-an-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Jing'an sesifunda sikamasipala i-Yichun efanayo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Tonggu Ninghong igatsha lesifunda le-ninghong yomlando: amayunithi ayishumi nantathu endawo, amane ewonkana amahlathi, intwasahlobo yasezintabeni ehamba kancane kanye nezinsuku ezingama-265 ezingenasithwathwa. Imibhalo iyichaza njengetiye elincane elimnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinemihlume egolide, iphunga elimnandi kanye nokumnandi okubomvu okukhanyayo. Igama lihlanganyelwa ne-Xiushui, kodwa livikelwa ngokwehlukana — futhi ukunambitheka kungcono ukukulandela esifundeni esikhonjiswe ekupakisheni.