---
title: "Tiānshān hóng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianshan-hong
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tiānshān hóng (天山红)

**I-Tianshan Hong** (*Tiānshān hóng*, 天山红) itiye elibomvu lezintaba zaseTianshan esifundeni saseJiaocheng (蕉城区) kumasipala wedolobha laseNingde, esifundazweni saseFujian. Izintaba zanikeza igama ochungechungeni lwamatiye endawo: oluhlaza, omhlophe, obomvu, i-oolong kanye nojasmini, kanti obomvu kuwo ungumfowabo omncane weTianshan Lü Cha odumile. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama elithi "天山红" livikelwe wuphawu lokufakazela indawo (geographical certification mark); umnikazi walo uyafana nowetiye eliluhlaza, inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJiaocheng. Ukuthi itiye ngokwalo kufanele libe njani: isimo, ukunambitheka, uhlobo lwembewu, ubuchwepheshe, lokho akushiwongo emithonjeni yokuqala eyatholakala.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Ochungechungeni lwe "宁德天山茶" lubhalwa njenge "宁德天山红茶". Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpahla zophawu lubhalwe kabanzi: "itiye". Ukuthi lingelaliphi iqembu lamatiye abomvu: igongfu, ixiaozhong noma elinye, akushiwongo emithonjeni yokuqala eyatholakala.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu laseFujian elinophawu lokufakazela indawo (2014); liyingxenye yochungechunge lwesifunda lwe "宁德天山茶".
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wedolobha laseNingde (宁德, *Níngdé*), isifunda saseJiaocheng (蕉城, *Jiāochéng*), izintaba zaseTianshan.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba iJiaocheng njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Umngcele wezomthetho wendawo awukho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Indlela yokuvikela:** Uphawu lokufakazela indawo lweHhovisi Likazwelonke Lezemfihlakalo Yobuhlakani (CNIPA) № 11836552, isigaba 30, impahla: itiye. Usuku lokubhaliswa ngokohlu lwesifundazwe: 21 Ephreli 2014; umnikazi: inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJiaocheng, idolobha laseNingde (宁德蕉城区茶业协会). Ngo-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye laseJiaocheng ngaphambi kophawu.** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, eyacashunwa yi "China Radio International" ngo-2019, lapha kwakwenziwa amatiye entela: ngesikhathi saseTang kwakuyi "蜡面茶", ngesikhathi saseSong itiye elicindezelweyo i "团饼茶", ngesikhathi saseMing naseQing itiye elivela emiqhumeni. Ekupheleni kweQing ethekwini laseSandu'ao (三都澳) kwavulwa indlu yekhasimende iFuhai Guan (福海关), futhi ichweba laba ngelesikhathi esiyinhloko sokuthumela itiye kwamanye amazwe.
    * **2014.** I "Tianshan Hong" yathola uphawu lokufakazela indawo, okwesibili esifundeni ngemuva kweTianshan Lü Cha eluhlaza, uphawu lwayo lwabhaliswa ngo-2009.
    * **Imiklomelo yochungechunge.** Ngokwemininingwane efanayo ka-2019, amatiye ochungechunge: oluhlaza, obomvu, omhlophe kanye ne-oolong anegama iTianshan, athola imiklomelo kazwelonke, yesifundazwe neyedolobha izikhathi ezingama-54. Ukuthi mingaki kuyo eyatholwa itiye elibomvu, akushiwongo.
    * **2023.** Isifunda samemezela i "宁德天山白茶" njengophawu lomphakathi oluhamba phambili, kanti i "宁德[天山绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianshan-lucha)" ne "宁德天山红茶" njengemigqa ethuthukiswa eduze kwalo; ngawo lowo nyaka isifunda sathembisa ukuqinisa izimpawu zaso ezimbili zendawo: i "天山绿茶" ne "天山红".
* **Igama:**
    * "Tianshan" (天山) kusho "Izintaba Zasezulwini", uchungechunge lwezintaba entshonalanga yesigodi saseYangzhong (洋中镇), olusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga luye eningizimu-mpumalanga; kuze kufike edolobhaneni laseJitou emithambekeni yalo ukusuka engxenyeni yedolobha yaseJiaocheng, ngokwe-athikili yesifundazwe ka-2023, amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu ukuya entshonalanga. Aluhlobene nochungechunge lwezintaba iTian Shan e-Asia Emaphakathi: igama liyafana, kodwa izintaba zehlukile.
    * "Hong" (红) kusho "obomvu", isifinyezo se "hongcha" (红茶).
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IJiaocheng kudala ibizwa ngokuthi "ikhaya letiye elidumile laseChina" (中国名茶之乡), futhi uphawu lwayo oluvelele itiye eliluhlaza iTianshan Lü Cha. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, ngo-2022 izingadi zetiye zaseJiaocheng zazithatha izinkulungwane eziyi-133 ze-mu, umkhiqizo wetiye wafinyelela kumathani ayi-13,000, kanti inani lawo wonke uchungechunge lwetiye lalingamabhiliyoni angu-4.14 ama-yuan. Itiye elibomvu kulesi sithombe liwumugqa wesibili ovikelwe eduze kwalowo oluhlaza.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa i "Tianshan Hong", akushiwongo emithonjeni eyatholakala. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ka-2019, eJiaocheng kutshalwe cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-55 ze-mu zezinhlobo ezintsha ezinuka kamnandi kakhulu: iJin Guanyin ([金观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-guanyin)), iJin Mudan ([金牡丹](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-mudan)), iZi Meigui (紫玫瑰) kanye neJinguan (金冠茶). Umbiko ka-2023 ucaphuna amazwi omlimi wendawo: ngeqabunga leJin Mudan benza itiye elimhlophe elinuka kamnandi netiye elibomvu "lobuchwepheshe obusha". Ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene netiye lophawu, akwaziwa.
* **Indinganiso yokuvuna:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zaseTianshan empumalanga yeFujian (闽东, *Mǐndōng*). Umbiko ka-2023 uzichaza kanje: izintaba zibheke olwandle, isimo sezulu simnene, ilanga nemvula kuningi.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngetiye lophawu ayikho imininingwane. Edolobhaneni laseJitou (际头村) lesigodi saseYangzhong, i-athikili yesifundazwe ka-2023 elibiza ngokuthi indawo yemvelaphi yetiye laseTianshan, izintaba zetiye, ngokwamazwi omholi wenkampani ezibuyiselayo, ziphakeme ngokwesilinganiso cishe amamitha ayi-1000.
* **Inhlabathi:** Leyo nkampani icacisa ukuthi inhlabathi yezintaba inamatshe futhi icebile ngamaminerali. Uhlobo oluqondile lwenhlabathi alukho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Isici esikhethekile:** EJitou kunendawo evikelwe yesifundazwe yemvelaphi yofuzo lwamahlumela etiye; ngokwamazwi aleyo nkampani, ezintabeni kukhula izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zetiye lasendle, kanti ubudala bezinye izihlahla buyiminyaka engamakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amathathu.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe be "Tianshan Hong" abukho emithonjeni eyatholakala. Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baseTianshan:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Usoso luphumela phezu kobuso beqabunga.
3.  **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** I-oxidation inikeza umbala obomvu wokumnika naphansi kwenkomishi.
4.  **Ukomiswa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Incazelo yesimo kanye nokunambitheka okuvela emqulwini wophawu noma komunye umthombo wokuqala angiyitholanga.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Iphunga lokumnika:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Umbala wokumnika:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitheliwe):** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane yemfihlakalo yomzimba ngaleli tiye ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.

**8. Izinto Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo ayikho.

**9. Ukutheleka:**

Umkhuba wesigaba samatiye abomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu angu-3–4 ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Igaiwan yobumba olumhlophe, kuyo kubonakala ukumnika okubomvu.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Ukumnika kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
    4. Thela konke ngokuphelele.
    5. Ukumnika ngakunye okulandelayo: kube kudlula kancane.
    6. Ukutheleka amahlandla amane kuya kwayisithupha.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, endaweni eyomile emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Itiye elibomvu likwazi ukugcinwa kangcono kuneliluhlaza, kodwa iphunga liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo emaphaketheni; inombolo yophawu: 11836552.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye lenziwe esifundeni saseJiaocheng, idolobha laseNingde.
    * Ungaphambanisi neTianshan Lü Cha: lelo itiye eliluhlaza lochungechunge olufanayo olunophawu lwalo.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Inhlangano yetiye yaseJiaocheng eyodwa inophawu lwe "天山红" kanye nezimpawu ze "天山绿茶". Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, zintathu, ezika-2009 nezika-2012.
* Ochungechungeni lwe "宁德天山茶" kunamagama amahlanu ochungechunge lwezintaba olulodwa: amatiye aluhlaza, amhlophe nabomvu, i-oolong iTianshan Jin Guanyin (天山金观音) kanye nejasmini iTianshan Yinhao (天山银毫).
* Kusukela ngo-2023 isifunda sibeka phambili hhayi okuluhlaza futhi hhayi okubomvu, kodwa itiye elimhlophe lochungechunge.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **I-Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶):** Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba ezifanayo nomnikazi wophawu ofanayo, elidume kakhulu ochungechungeni.
* **I-Moli Yin Hao ([茉莉银毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/moli-yin-hao)):** Itiye lejasmini; inguqulo yaseTianshan iyingxenye yochungechunge olufanayo.
* **I-Tanyang Gongfu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu legongfu lomasipala ofanayo waseNingde, elinye "lamagongfu amathathu amakhulu aseFujian".
* **I-Bailin Gongfu ([白琳工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bai-lin-gongfu)):** Elinye itiye elibomvu legongfu lomasipala waseNingde kulelo qembu elifanayo.
* **I-Gutian Hongcha ([古田红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gutian-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseGutian kumasipala ofanayo waseNingde, elinophawu lwalo luka-2018.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Tianshan Hong igatsha elibomvu lochungechunge lwaseTianshan eJiaocheng, elivikelwe uphawu kusukela ngo-2014. Imibhalo ngalo ikhuluma kakhulu ngesifunda kunetiye: uphawu, umnikazi, indawo yalo kuhlelo lophawu, lapho kusukela ngo-2023 kuqala itiye elimhlophe. Isimo, ukunambitheka, izinhlobo, izikhathi zokuvuna kanye nobucwepheshe kusamele umthombo wokuqala.