---
title: "Tiānmù qīngdǐng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianmu-qingding
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tiānmù qīngdǐng (天目青顶)

**I-Tianmu Qingding** (*Tiānmù qīngdǐng*, 天目青顶) — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni zase-Tianmushan (天目山) esifundeni sase-Lin'an (临安区) edolobheni lase-Hangzhou, esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Elinye igama layo — i-Tianmu Yunwu (天目云雾茶), “amafu nenkungu yase-Tianmu”. Izintaba zase-Tianmu zikhulunywa kakade encwadini ka-Lu Yu ethi “I-Canon yetiye”, kanti ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming u-Tu Long wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha ahamba phambili. Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda, izindawo ezihamba phambili — imimango yase-East Tianmu ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-600–1200, lapho inkungu ihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka. Itiye livikelwe uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kusukela ngo-2012, kusukela ngo-2016 lisebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lemboni, kanti ngo-2025 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1128-2016 lilichaza ngqo njenge tiye eliluhlaza, kanti uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza: ukulungiswa ebhodweni, ukusongwa kancane nokomiswa ngomlilo. Amagama athi 青顶 — “iziqongo eziluhlaza” — achaza ukubukeka, hhayi isigaba.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasentshonalanga ye-Zhejiang; igama elidumile lomlando.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), idolobha i-Hangzhou (杭州, *Hángzhōu*), isifunda i-Lin'an (临安, *Lín'ān*), izintaba i-Tianmushan.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokombhalo — amadolobhana amancane nezindawo zasemakhaya eziyi-16 zesifunda sase-Lin'an anezigodi zokuphatha ezingama-78. Kubalwa amagama ayishumi nanhlanu: i-Taihuyuan, i-Xitianmu, i-Gaohong, i-Yuqian, i-Zaoxi, i-Taiyang, i-Qianchuan, i-Leping, i-Changhua, i-Heqiao, i-Tuankou, i-Longgang, i-Qingliangfeng, i-Daxiagu kanye ne-Daoshi. Ukungafani kwenombolo nohlu kukhona embhalweni wokuvikela ngokwawo. Izinga lemboni lichaza indawo yokukhiqiza ngendlela ehlukile — ngamadolobhana amancane ayishumi nambili esifunda sase-Lin'an.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba:** 29°56′–30°23′ N, 118°51′–119°44′ E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Incwadi yezinkomba ngophawu lwendawo ibhala ngombhalo okuthiwa u-Mei Fu (梅福) watshala itiye e-Tianmu kakade ngeminyaka ye-Yuanshi yase-Western Han. Lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umbhalo ngetiye.
    * **Ubukhosi bakwa-Tang.** Encwadini ethi “I-Canon yetiye” (茶经) u-Lu Yu (陆羽) ubhala ukuthi ezifundeni zase-Lin'an nase-Yuqian zesifunda sase-Hangzhou itiye likhula ezintabeni zase-Tianmu futhi lilingana netiye lesifunda sase-Shuzhou.
    * **Ubukhosi bakwa-Ming.** U-Tu Long (屠隆) encwadini ethi “Kaopan yushi” (考槃余事) ubeka itiye lase-Tianmu phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha ahamba phambili — eceleni kwe-Huqiu, i-Tianchi, i-Yangxian, i-Lu'an kanye ne-Longjing.
    * **1910.** Umlando wesifunda wase-Lin'an wonyaka wesibili we-Xuantong ubhala ukuthi itiye “elinenkungu namafu” lenziwa kuzo zonke izindawo, kodwa elihamba phambili livela e-Tianmu.
    * **Umklomelo.** Incwadi yezinkomba ibhala ukuthi ngo-1910 i-Tianmu Yunwu yathola umklomelo omkhulu wegolide embukisweni wase-Nanyang e-Jiangning. Uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza unyaka we-1936 kanye “nomhlangano wamazwe ngamazwe wase-Nanyang”. Ukungafani kosuku negama angikuxazululanga.
    * **1986.** Ngokwezincazelo zezinkomba, itiye langena phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile ahamba phambili e-Zhejiang.
    * **2012.** Mhla zi-3 kuNcwaba uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo “天目青顶”, inombolo AGI00892.
    * **2016.** I-All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives yakhipha izinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016 “天目青顶茶”.
    * **2025.** I-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) yaliqashela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngesimemezelo № 640.
* **Igama:** “Tianmu” (天目) — “Amehlo asezulwini”, igama lezintaba. “Qingding” (青顶) — “iziqongo eziluhlaza”.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Tianmushan iyindawo evikelwe enamasendle asendulo, lapho kukhula khona imithi ye-cryptomeria ne-ginkgo. Endaweni yetiye kukhona i-Qingliangfeng (清凉峰) ne-Daxiagu (大峡谷) — izindawo ezaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengezindawo ezivikelwe nezokuvakasha.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** Akukho mthombo otholakele osho igama.
* **Izinhlobo ngenkathi yonyaka:** Uhulumeni wesifunda ubala izigaba eziyi 顶谷, 雨前, 夏乌, 梅尖, 梅白 kanye 小春.
* **Izinga lokuqoqa:** Kwehlobo eliphezulu lasentwasahlobo 顶谷 — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Incwadi yezinkomba ibhala kabanzi: ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili asanda kuvuleka, ukuqoqa — ngesikhathi sezulu elicacile.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** I-East Tianmu. Izindawo ezihamba phambili ngokukahulumeni wesifunda yi-Taizimiao, i-Longxuyan, i-Xili, i-Xiaolinkeng, idolobhana lase-Zhujia kanye ne-Senluoping.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda — **amamitha angu-600–1200**, ezigodini nasezihosheni ezivikelekile emoyeni.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwemininingwane efanayo, inkungu ihlala ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi yasehlathini ensundu epodzolized, eyakhiwe ngamahlamvu awela phansi ehlathini eliminyene: ungqimba lwe-humus luqinile, izinto eziphilayo ziningi, inhlabathi ivunduvundu futhi ivundile, i-pH 4,5–6,0.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Incwadi yezinkomba ichaza izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili:

1.  **Ukomiswa kokuqala ngokusakaza (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
2.  **Ukulungiswa ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
3.  **Ukusongwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukugazingwa kwesibili (炒二青, *chǎo èr qīng*).**
5.  **Ukomiswa kokuqala ngomlilo (初烘).**
6.  **Ukomiswa kokugcina (复烘).**
7.  **Ukupholisa (摊凉, *tānliáng*).**
8.  **Ukugcina.**

Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza nendlela endala yesandla yezinhlobo zasentwasahlobo 顶谷 kanye 雨前. Iqabunga lilungiswa ebhodweni, linyakaziswa ngezinti zikamoba, bese kuthi uma lisusiwe emlilweni, lipholiswe ngefeni. Lisongwa kancane, ngendwangu ye-hemp emaholoholo, ukuze ijusi lingaphumi eqabungeni. Lomiswa kubhasikidi phezu kweziko lamalahle ngezigaba ezimbili — ukoma kokuqala (毛火, *máohuǒ*) nokoma kokugcina (足火, *zúhuǒ*). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zemisebenzi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Izincazelo emithonjeni ziyehluka; ngezansi — incazelo yophawu lwendawo, engezwe ngamazinga ezinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016 kanye nencazelo kahulumeni wesifunda.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwendawo — lifana ne-orchid, iqabunga linamanzi, umbala uluhlaza futhi ucwebezela ngokuswakama (形似兰花、叶质肥厚、色泽绿润). Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza imichilo eminyene enoboya obubonakalayo, eluhlaza okotshani (紧结成条，芽毫显著，色泽深绿); izinga lemboni lehlobo eliphezulu — kuhle, kucishe kube flat, kulingene futhi kuhlanzekile iqabunga, kuluhlaza okotshani futhi kucwebezela ngokuswakama (挺秀略扁、匀整、匀净；嫩绿润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala betiye:** Kuhlanzekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside (清香持久); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu — lithambile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha, kuthambile, kuyaqabula (鲜醇爽口); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu — kusha, kuthambile, kuyaqabula (鲜嫩爽口).
* **Umbala wotshwala betiye:** Kucacile futhi kuhlanzekile (清澈明净); ngokwezinga lehlobo eliphezulu — kucacile futhi kukhanya (清澈明亮).
* **Izansi kwetiye (iqabunga elenziwe):** Amahlumela namacembe ayalingana, avuleka abe “izimbali” (芽叶匀齐成朵); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu lengeza umbala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮). Uhulumeni wesifunda ubhala ukuthi ihlumela ngalinye elineqabunga liyabonakala enkomishini.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zezinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016:

* **Umswakama:** ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %.
* **Umlotha ophelele:** ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %.
* **Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini:** okungenani 36,0 %.

Imininingwane ngama-catechin, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwawo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu angu-3 ngamamili litha angu-150.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi ecacile, lapho amahlumela avulekayo ebonakala khona, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukugxila kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokugxila.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Esitsheni esivalekile esingangenwa ukukhanya, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle komswakama, ukukhanya nephunga. Kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Ungadidanisi ne-Tianmuhu Bai Cha ([天目湖白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianmuhu-baicha)): into ababelana ngayo kuphela i-elementi ethi 天目 egameni lendawo.
    * Funa uphawu lwendawo “天目青顶” kanye nomkhiqizi wasesifundeni sase-Lin'an.
    * Iqabunga — linamanzi, liluhlaza futhi licwebezela; ukugxila — kucacile futhi kuhlanzekile.
    * Amahlumela namacembe enkomishini avuleka abe “izimbali” ezilinganayo.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izintaba zase-Tianmu ziqanjwe kakade encwadini ka-Lu Yu ethi “I-Canon yetiye” yase-Tang.
* U-Tu Long ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu endaweni efanayo ne-Longjing.
* Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda, inkungu ima phezu kwezingadi izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka.
* Embhalweni wokuvikela kuthiwa “amadolobhana amancane nezindawo zasemakhaya eziyi-16”, kodwa amagama abalwa ayishumi nanhlanu.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye angomakhelwane:**

* **I-Tianmuhu Bai Cha (天目湖白茶):** Itiye lechibi lase-Tianmuhu eduze kwase-Liyang esifundazweni sase-Jiangsu; indawo ehlukile nomkhiqizo ohlukile, okufanayo kuphela i-elementi ethi 天目.
* **I-Jing Shan Cha ([径山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jing-shancha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba i-Jingshan emaphethelweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga e-Tianmushan, esifundeni i-Yuhang.
* **I-Anji Bai Cha ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anji-baicha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo olunamaqabunga akhanyayo oluvela ezintabeni ezisenyakatho ye-Tianmu.
* **I-Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Itiye eliyisicaba lase-Hangzhou; u-Tu Long wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu eceleni kwalo kakade ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Tianmu Qingding — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasentshonalanga ye-Hangzhou elinomlandvo omude kakhulu obhaliwe: ukukhulunywa kwezintaba encwadini ethi “I-Canon yetiye”, indawo phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha obukhosi bakwa-Ming kanye nomlando we-1910. Izingadi zasezintabeni, ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, iningi lonyaka zihlala enkungwini; incazelo yophawu lwendawo nezinga lemboni zinikeza iqabunga eliluhlaza elinamanzi, ukugxila okucacile nephunga elihlanzekile elihlala isikhathi eside. Imithombo iyehluka ekuchazeni ukwakheka nasosukwini lomklomelo omkhulu — lokhu kungafani kubalwa lapha, hhayi ukushelela.