---
title: "Téngchōng hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/tengchong-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Téngchōng hóngchá (腾冲红茶)

**Téngchōng hóngchá** (*Téngchōng hóngchá*, 腾冲红茶) itiye elibomvu lasedolobheni laseTéngchōng (腾冲市) esifundeni sasedolobheni iBǎoshān entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseYúnnán, eduze komngcele neMyanmar. Igama lingelinye lamagama amahlanu esitifiketi sezindawo, iTéngchōng, ngokombiko weziphathimandla zendawo, elibhalise ngo-2016 ngezigaba ezinhlanu zetiye. Incazelo yophawu ibiza imikhiqizo emine: itiye elibomvu legongfu neliphukile, ngalinye lisuka ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu nakweziphakathi nendawo namancane. Isicelo sophawu sifakwe yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*). Isigaba siboniswe egameni, esime emgqeni wezimpawu ezinhlanu ngezigaba — 绿茶, 红茶, 乌龙茶, 黑茶, 白茶, — futhi siqinisekiswa yincazelo yophawu: yonke imikhiqizo emine ekuyo ibomvu.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu laseYúnnán; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo oluvela ochungechungeni lwe "腾冲茶".
* **Imikhiqizo yophawu:** Igongfu (工夫红茶, *gōngfu hóngchá*) netiye elibomvu eliphukile (红碎茶, *hóngsuìchá*), ngalinye lisuka ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu nakweziphakathi nendawo namancane. Ngokufanayo kuhlukaniswa itiye elibomvu ngamazinga kazwelonke GB/T 13738.2-2017 (igongfu) kanye ne-GB/T 13738.1 (eliphukile).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseYúnnán (云南, *Yúnnán*), isifunda sedolobha iBǎoshān (保山, *Bǎoshān*), idolobha lasesifundeni iTéngchōng (腾冲, *Téngchōng*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Ngokwesisekelo esihlanganisiwe sezinkomba zezindawo "地理标志特产大全", yonke indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesifunda iTéngchōng (腾冲县现辖行政区域). Umfakisicelo, ngokwesikhulumi saseYúnnán sobunikazi bengqondo, yiNhlangano Yetiye yesifunda iTéngchōng (腾冲县茶叶协会). Imithetho yophawu angiyitholanga.
* **Ukuxhumanisa kwezindawo:** Cishe u-25.0° enyakatho kanye no-98.5° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ukuqala.** Ngokoshicilelo lwesifunda lwango-2014, itiye eTéngchōng litshalwa kusukela eminyakeni yeHóngwǔ (洪武) yobukhosi bakwaMíng (明). Ukuthi laqala nini ukwenziwa itiye elibomvu lapha, imithombo etholiwe ayisho.
    * **1912–1921.** Ngokoshicilelo olusizeni lwe-Internet lukahulumeni waseTéngchōng (2021), uFéng Zhènguó (封镇国), kusukela ngo-1912 owayesebenza njengomhloli eXiǎoměngtǒng (小猛统) eduze nendawo yamatiye iMèngkù (勐库), wathenga imbewu yetiye yaseMèngkù engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-12 zama-catty wayitshala emithambekeni yakhe eduze nedolobhana lakubo iCuànlóng (窜龙村). Washona ngo-1921. Ushicilelo lwesifunda lwango-2014 lubeka ukuthuthwa kwembewu ngeminyaka yawo-1920.
    * **1941–1942.** Ngokwakushicilelo lwango-2021 olufanayo, ekuqaleni kuka-1941, ngokumenywa nguLǐ Gēnyuán (李根源) noFéng Wěidé (封维德), indodana kaFéng Zhènguó, kwafika esifundeni uchwepheshe wetiye uLù Yíng (陆溁); ngomhla ka-30 Januwari kwavulwa izifundo zokulima itiye, lapho kwabhalisa khona abafundi abangaphezu kwekhulu. Esandulelweni sencwajana kaFéng Wěidé, uLù Yíng wabhala ukuthi isifunda sasingakwazi ukukhiqiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-dan etiye elithunyelwa ngaphandle ngonyaka futhi silithumele ngeRangoon; ukuthi kwakufanele kube yiliphi itiye, umbhalo awucacisi. NgoMeyi 1942 iTéngchōng yangenwa amabutho aseJapan, futhi izifundo zahlakazwa.
    * **1986.** NgoMashi kwasungulwa uphiko lwetiye lwesifunda; ngo-2019 lwahlanganiswa nophiko lwezolimo (ngokwempendulo yophiko, 2024).
    * **2015–2016.** Ngokwemininingwane yophiko lwetiye lwesifunda, ngo-2015 inhlangano yetiye yaseTéngchōng yafaka isicelo sezimpawu ezinhlanu ngezigaba zetiye; ngokombiko kahulumeni, ngo-2016 izimpawu zabhaliswa, phakathi kwazo i-腾冲红茶.
    * **2019.** Uphawu lusohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu zezindawo zaseYúnnán lwangomhla ka-28 Disemba 2019 (umugqa 64).
    * **2024.** Uphiko lwezolimo lwabika ngezimpawu ezinhlanu zesitifiketi sezindawo zetiye esifundeni.
* **Igama:** 腾冲 (*Téngchōng*) yigama ledolobha lasesifundeni, ngaphambilini iTéngyuè (腾越); 红茶 (*hóngchá*) yitiye elibomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isifunda sithuthukisa i "腾冲茶" njengelinye lamaqembu alo ayisithupha ezimboni. Ngokwempendulo yophiko lwezolimo lwedolobha (2024), emiqhudelwaneni yango-2023 itiye elibomvu lahlulelwa phakathi kwezigaba eziyisithupha — kanye neliluhlaza, ipu'er, iwulong, elimhlophe kanye nendawo "móguōchá" (磨锅茶, *móguōchá*).

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Incazelo yophawu ibiza amaqembu kuphela — izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu kanye neziphakathi nendawo namancane. Ngokophiko lwezolimo, ngo-2023 esifundeni kwakukhona ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-50 ze-mu yomphakathi we-云南群体大[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu) (*Yúnnán qúntǐ dàyèzhǒng*), izinkulungwane ezingu-64 ze-mu zohlobo lwe-clone i-云抗10号 (*Yúnkàng shí hào*) kanye nezinkulungwane ezingu-47 ze-mu zemiphakathi yezihlahla zetiye ezindala (i-mu eyodwa icishe ibe ngamamitha-skwele angu-667). Ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu okuya etiyeni elibomvu, umthombo awusho.
* **Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:** Amathiphu nokuningi kwama-bud encazelweni yophawu kukhombisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithambile; izinga lokuqoqa angilitholanga.
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Intshonalanga yeYúnnán, eduze ne-Gāolígòngshān (高黎贡山). Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni waseTéngchōng, ububanzi besifunda buyi-5845 km², umngcele neMyanmar uyi-150 km.
* **Isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi:** ITéngchōng yaziwa ngezintaba-mlilo. Ngokoshicilelo lwesifunda lwango-2014, isimo sezulu lapha siyitropiki se-monsoon, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-14.9 °C, imvula ingu-1400–1700 mm ngonyaka, kanti itiye likhula emathafeni entaba-mlilo, enhlabathini evundile yomlotha wentaba-mlilo. Lena incazelo yesifunda, hhayi izidingo zophawu.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Kwezindawo zophawu akukho mininingwane. Ngokoshicilelo lwesifunda lwango-2014, ukuphakama eTéngchōng kusukela ku-930 kuye ku-3780 m.
* **Ububanzi:** Ngokoshicilelo lwesifunda lwango-2014 no-2017, eTéngchōng kunezingadi zetiye ezingaba ngu-150 lezinkulungwane ze-mu.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe baleli tiye kanye nemingcele yabo abukho emithonjeni etholakele. Itiye elibomvu legongfu ngokuvamile lenziwa kanje:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
3.  **I-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga liba bomvu.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Itiye eliphukile ngemva kokubuna lisongwa ngokusika (揉切, *róuqiē*) kuze kube yizicucu ezincane. Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Téngchōng hóngchá.

**6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:**

Isimo — ngokwencazelo yophawu esisekelweni esihlanganisiwe sezinkomba zezindawo.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Igongfu elinamaqabunga amakhulu — ama-tea leaf aminyene aqinile anamathiphu amaningi acijile (条索肥壮紧结多锋苗), alinganayo, ansundu-mnyama, anamafutha, anamathiphu egolide (金毫显露). Iziphakathi nendawo namancane — ama-tea leaf amancane aminyene, amnyama futhi anamafutha. Eliphukile — ama-granule aminyene alinganayo.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Kwigongfu elinamaqabunga amakhulu — limnandi eliminyene (甜香浓郁), kweziphakathi nendawo namancane — elisha, elithambile, elimnandi (鲜嫩甜香). Kweliphukile — liphakeme futhi liqinile.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Igongfu elinamaqabunga amakhulu — elisha, eligcwele, elithambile neligcwele (鲜浓醇厚); iziphakathi nendawo namancane — elithambile, eligcwele, nobumnandi obusha (醇厚甘爽). Eliphukile — elinamandla, elisha futhi elidlanzayo (浓强鲜爽).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Obomvu ogqamile (红艳) kwigongfu elinamaqabunga amakhulu, obomvu futhi ocacile (红明亮) kweziphakathi nendawo namancane, obomvu ogqamile noma obomvu okhanyayo (红亮) kweliphukile.
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elibunjiwe):** Kwigongfu elinamaqabunga amakhulu — elinamanzi, elithambile, elinama-bud amaningi, elibomvu ngokulinganayo futhi elikhanyayo (肥嫩多芽红匀明亮); kweziphakathi nendawo namancane — elincane futhi elithambile; kweliphukile — elithambile, elilinganayo, elibomvu.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical yalolu phawu emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:** Ukushisa izitsha; ukuphisa kokuqala kwegongfu — cishe umzuzu owodwa, kusukela lapho isikhathi ngasinye sengezelelwa, ukuphisa okune kuya kokuyisithupha. Itiye eliphukile linikeza ukunambitheka ngokushesha: ukuphisa okukodwa noma okubili ngemizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama ngezinga lokushisa legumbi, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye nomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema kanjani umgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo "腾冲红茶"; ngokwesisekelo esihlanganisiwe sezinkomba zezindawo, inombolo yalo — 17175217.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eTéngchōng.
    * Ungaphambanisi uphawu nezimpawu ezine ezingomakhelwane zochungechunge kanye nophawu oluhlukile lwe-[Chāngníng hóngchá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/changning-hongcha) lwesifunda iChāngníng sesifunda esifanayo.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokohlelo lwesifunda lwango-2014, itiye elibomvu, eliluhlaza kanye nepu'er izinkampani zazihlongozwa ukuba zikhishwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo ojwayelekile "高黎贡山", kanti iwulong ngaphansi komkhiqizo "极边".
* Ngokomthetho we-China wezimpawu zokuhweba, ukubhaliswa kophawu kusebenza iminyaka eyi-10 futhi kuyavuselelwa; kwezimpawu zango-2016 isikhathi sifika ngo-2026. Ukuthi zivuselelwe yini, angikuhlolanga.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye abomvu aseYúnnán:**

* **Diān Hóng ([滇红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong)):** Igama elijwayelekile letiye elibomvu laseYúnnán.
* **Diān Hóng Gōngfu ([滇红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong-gongfu)):** Igongfu yaseYúnnán enamaqabunga amakhulu — isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu somkhiqizo wokuqala wophawu.
* **Chāngníng Hóngchá (昌宁红茶):** Itiye elibomvu elinophawu lwesifunda iChāngníng sesifunda esifanayo iBǎoshān.
* **Nánjiàn Wúliàngshān Hóngchá ([南涧无量山红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanjian-wuliangshan-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu elinophawu lwesifunda iNánjiàn esifundeni iDàlǐ.
* **Téngchōng Báichá ([腾冲白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tengchong-baicha)):** Uphawu olungomakhelwane lochungechunge olufanayo — itiye elimhlophe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Téngchōng hóngchá itiye elibomvu lendawo yezintaba-mlilo eduze ne-Gāolígòngshān. Uphawu luhlanganisa kokubili igongfu yamaqabunga aphelele kanye netiye eliphukile, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu kanye neziphakathi nendawo namancane, futhi luthembisa iphunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka okugcwele kanye notshwala obomvu ogqamile. Ngemuva kwalo kukhona imbewu yaseMèngkù, uFéng Zhènguó ayitshala eduze nedolobhana iCuànlóng, kanye nezifundo zango-1941, lapho uLù Yíng afundisa khona abantu baseTéngchōng ukulima itiye; imithetho yophawu nobuchwepheshe imithombo etholakele ayikubizi.