---
title: "Táoyuán hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/taoyuan-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Táoyuán hóngchá (桃源红茶)

**I-Taoyuan Hongcha** (*Táoyuán hóngchá*, 桃源红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Taoyuan (桃源县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Changde enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hunan. Isifunda siqanjwe ngegama loMthombo Wamapetshisi ovela "Emibhalweni yoMthombo Wamapetshisi" kaTao Yuanming. Ngokusho kwephephandaba i-"New Hunan", itiye lendawo eligubhu elibomvu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1850 lalithunyelwa eYurophu, okokuqala ngaphansi kwegama lomunye, kamuva njenge "湖红工夫". Namuhla uhlobo lomkhiqizo luthembele ohlotsheni lwendawo olunamaqabunga amakhulu i-桃源大叶, kanti umqulu wokuvikela ubala phakathi kwezimpawu zekhwalithi "indandatho yegolide" emaphethelweni etiye kanye nokufiphala kwalo lapho lipholile. Igama livikelwe njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (AGI01845) nanjengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, ngokwesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 640 sango-2025.

**1. Isigaba kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elibiliswe ngokugcwele. Isigaba siqanjwe kulo igama uqobo. Iphephandaba lihlobanisa lolu hlobo nomugqa wetiye elibomvu legubhu "湖红工夫" (*húhóng gōngfu*).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lase-Hunan; uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), umasipala wase-Changde (常德, *Chángdé*), isifunda sase-Taoyuan (桃源县, *Táoyuán Xiàn*).
* **Indawo yokuvikela:** Ngokwesithasiselo sesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 640, kunamalokishi namadolobhana ayi-13: i-Xi'an (西安), i-Taipingpu (太平铺), i-Guniushan (牯牛山), i-Cha'anpu (茶庵铺), i-Yangxiqiao (杨溪桥), i-Shaping (沙坪), i-Siping (寺坪), i-Luhuatan (芦花潭), i-Zhengjiayi (郑家驿), i-Xinglongjie (兴隆街), i-Lingjintan (凌津滩), i-Taohuayuan ([桃花](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taohua)源) kanye ne-Zhangjiang (漳江). Umfakisicelo yisiteshi sezitshalo zobuchwepheshe zesifunda sase-Taoyuan (桃源县经济作物站). Isizindalwazi sezophawu lwendawo sibiza yonke indawo yesifunda njengendawo; umehluko nohlu lwe-CNIPA angiwuxazululanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 110°51′14,8″–111°31′44,1″ empumalanga, 28°24′29,7″–28°56′18,7″ enyakatho, ngokwesithasiselo se-CNIPA.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1857, ngaphansi kwegama lomunye.** Ngokusho kwephephandaba i-"New Hunan" (2021), ngonyaka wesi-7 wokubusa kuka-Xianfeng (咸丰), abahwebi base-Fujian nase-Jiangxi bavula e-Taoyuan ukuthengwa kwamaqabunga amasha, bazama ukwenza itiye elibomvu legubhu futhi balithumela eYurophu njenge-建茶, itiye lesizinda sase-Jianxi e-Fujian. Iphephandaba libiza lokhu njengesiqalo se "湖红工夫". Encwadini yalo ephephandaba yango-2020, abahwebi babizwa ngokuthi abase-Jiangxi nabase-Guangdong (赣粤茶商).
    * **1865, i-Shaping.** Ngonyaka wesi-4 wokubusa kuka-Tongzhi (同治), e-Shaping (沙坪) kwavulwa ukuhweba ngetiye elibomvu. Iphephandaba lithi itiye lase-Taoyuan elinephunga eliphakeme nokunambitha okuqinile lalihluke ngokusobala ku-建茶 futhi laqala ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kwegama "湖红工夫". Isizindalwazi sezophawu lwendawo naso sibheka unyaka we-1865 njengesiqalo setiye elibomvu lendawo.
    * **Ukuphela kwe-Qing.** Ngokwesizindalwazi, abahwebi base-Shanghai, e-Guangdong nase-Hubei babenezinkampani zetiye eziyisishiyagalombili e-Shaping, kanti ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhulikhi umthamo wetiye elibomvu wakhuphuka wafinyelela emabhokisini angama-30 000 angamakhilogremu angama-30.
    * **1955, ifektri.** Ngokwesizindalwazi esifanayo, uMnyango Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle kanye nenkampani yetiye yase-Hunan basungula esifundeni i-Shaping Tea Factory (沙坪茶厂), noma ifektri yetiye elibomvu eligayiwe (桃源县红碎茶厂); kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1987 kwathunyelwa amathani angama-33,4 etiye elibomvu, okungamathani angama-22,6 aye ngaphandle. Iphephandaba lithi umsunguli kwakuyinkampani yezohwebo lwangaphandle yesifundazwe futhi likhuluma ngetiye legubhu elithunyelwa ngaphandle, bese isizindalwazi sithi ngetiye eligayiwe; umqulu angiwubonanga.
    * **2016–2019.** Ngokusho kwe-"New Hunan" (2020), ngoMashi 2016 uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa itiye njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo. Ngokushicilelwa kwango-2021, ngo-2019 lathola isihloko "sokuphuza okwaziwayo e-Hunan", kusukela ngo-2017 isifunda sinikeza ilungelo lohlobo olujwayelekile, futhi kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Januwari 2019 silinikeze kabusha; ngo-2021 kwavunyelwa ababambiqhaza abangama-31, izinkampani ezingama-24 kanye nama-cooperative ayisikhombisa.
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 640, latholwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; esithasiselweni kunomugqa we-937.
* **Ingxabano ngobuqotho.** I-Anhua ne-Xinhua basukela itiye elibomvu lase-Hunan kusukela ngo-1854, kanti inguqulo yase-Taoyuan ngo-1857 nango-1865. Lapha angiyixazululi ingxabano.
* **Igama:**
    * "Taoyuan" (桃源) lisho "umthombo wamapetshisi", okuyigama lesifunda.
    * "Hongcha" (红茶, *hóngchá*) lisho "itiye elibomvu".
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isizindalwazi sicaphuna umugqa ovela "Engomeni Yokukha Itiye" (采茶歌) ngetiye lase-Shuxi (鼠溪), okuthiwa ucashunwe umlando wesifunda weminyaka ye-Guangxu: "解造红茶价不廉", okusho ukuthi "bayakwazi ukwenza itiye elibomvu futhi inani aliphansi". Lo mugqa uphindwa yi-"New Hunan" ngo-2020; ushicilelo lwango-2021 luwunikeza ngophawu oluhlukile: "解造红茶倾不廉". Namuhla isifunda siqhuba i-"Taoyuan Hongcha" njengohlobo olujwayelekile futhi minyaka yonke siba nomkhosi wetiye elibomvu.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo:** Umqulu we-CNIPA udinga izinto zokusetshenziswa "zohlobo lwe-Taoyuan Daye, olufanele itiye elibomvu" (桃源大叶适制良种). Iphephandaba libiza lolu hlobo lwendawo olunamaqabunga amakhulu (*Táoyuán dàyè*) njengensika yohlobo lomkhiqizo. Uhlobo uqobo luchazwe esihlokweni nge-Taoyuan Daye Cha.
* **Iqabunga:** Ngokwesizindalwazi, likhulu futhi lithambile, linoboya obuningi (叶片硕大、叶质柔软……茸毛较多).
* **Indinganiso yokukha:** Ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Ngokomqulu we-CNIPA, kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iphephandaba libeka isifunda phakathi kwezintaba ze-Wuling (武陵山) ne-Xuefeng (雪峰山), emfuleni i-Yuanshui (沅水).
* **Umakhelwane:** I-Taoyuan isendaweni efanayo ne-Changde, lapho kukhona negama lesifunda i-[常德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/changde-hongcha), kodwa ayihlanganyeli kuyona: lapho kubalwa izifunda zase-Shimen, e-Linli nase-Lixian.
* **Igama lendawo yetiye:** Endaweni kukhona idolobhana i-Cha'anpu (茶庵铺), elisho "isitolo esiseduze nendawo yokuhlala yamabhikshu betiye".
* **Ukuphakama kanye nomhlabathi:** Ngokomqulu we-CNIPA, kungamamitha angama-300–800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; inhlabathi enobomvu eneasidi kanye nenhlabathi ephuzi-nsundu (红、黄棕壤) emikhiqizweni yokuguguleka kwamatshe esihlabathi anobumba, amatshe amancane kanye namatshe esihlabathi ansomi, athambile futhi ajulile, i-pH 4,5–6,5. Amasimu atshalwa emagqumeni nasemithambekeni engaba ngu-25°.
* **Ukutshala:** Ngokomqulu ofanayo, izithombo zitshalwa ngo-Okthoba noma ngoFebruwari: umugqa obanzi ongu-140 cm, omncane ongu-40 cm, isikhala emugqeni singu-30 cm; ukuthenwa kokwakha kwenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokwephephandaba, isifunda sigunyaze izindinganiso zaso, okunguMthethonqubo Wokucubungula i-Taoyuan Hongcha (桃源红茶加工技术规程) kanye nomthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe wokukhiqiza i-Taoyuan Hongcha ene-selenium ("yemvelo"); imibhalo yawo angiyibonanga. Umholi wenhlangano yetiye yesifunda utshele iphephandaba ngemikhiqizo emine yohlobo: i-红金芽 (imithombo yegolide), i-红工夫 (gubhu), i-红曲螺 (evunguzayo) kanye ne-红茶砖 (isitini).

Ngezansi kunezimfuneko zomqulu we-CNIPA wango-2025, hhayi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba:

1.  **Ukukha (采摘, *cǎizhāi*):** Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
2.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Ezitsheni zokubuna noma ngendlela yemvelo endlini.
3.  **Ukugoqana (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Ngengcindezi ngokulandelana "elula, eqinile, elula" (轻重轻), kuze kube yilapho iqabunga ligoqeka libe yimicu eminyene, ubisi luphume futhi lunamathele ebusweni.
4.  **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** Amahora amathathu kuya kwamane ezingeni lokushisa legumbi elingaba ngu-28 °C kanye nomswakama ongu-95 %.
5.  **Ukomiswa (烘干, *hōnggān*):** Kokokuqala ngo-90 °C, kuze kube ngama-70–80 % omile; bese kuqedwa "ngomlilo ogcwele" ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, 60–70 °C, kancane futhi kuze kome ngokuphelele.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe emqulwini we-CNIPA wango-2025; amafomula esizindalwazi kanye nephephandaba aqokiwe.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imicu eminyene, emincane futhi elinganayo (条索紧细匀整), emnyama futhi ecwebezelayo (乌黑油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Alichazwanga ngokwehlukile; ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Limnandi, lijulile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (甜香浓郁持久). Iphephandaba libeka ngendlela ehlukile: "iphunga lezimbali noju" (花蜜香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumnandi, kuthambile, kusha futhi kuvuselela (甜醇鲜爽). Isizindalwazi sibiza ukunambitheka okuqinile, okunamandla nokusha (浓、强、鲜), iphephandaba lithi kumnandi futhi kusha (甘鲜味).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Ubomvu, ukhanya, "unendandatho yegolide" emaphethelweni enkomishi (红亮带金圈). Itiye elipholile lifiphala ngokusobala (冷后浑现象明显).
* **Isisefo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Lithambile, lithambile, linombala obomvu olinganayo (嫩软红匀).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Umqulu we-CNIPA wango-2025 ubeka izinkomba zefiziksi namakhemikhali ngamabanga:

| Inkomba | Okuqukethwe |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | 35,56–46,18 % |
| Ama-Theaflavin | 0,25–0,70 % |
| Ama-Thearubigin | 2,60–4,50 % |
| Ushukela oncibilikayo | 2,60–3,39 % |

Ama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine awabekwanga umqulu. Isizindalwazi sezophawu lwendawo sinikeza izinombolo ezingasho lutho ngaphandle kwendlela nonyaka (ama-polyphenol afinyelela ku-35 %, ama-amino acid 8,56 %, ama-thearubigin 5,0 %); azivumelani nomqulu kuzo zonke izindawo futhi azisetshenziswa lapha.

**8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu. Amanzi angu-90–95 °C, amagremu amathathu kuya kwamahlanu nge-150 ml, i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba noma imbiza yetiye. Isitsha kufanele sifudunyezwe, iqabunga limanziswe kafushane ngamanzi ashisayo bese lichithwa; ukumnika kokuqala imizuzwana engu-15–30, kuthelwe konke, bese kuba ukuthelwa kane noma kuhlanu ngokwengeza imizuzwana engu-10–15.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni eliqinile, endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Isiqandisi asidingeki.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Awekho amanani esimanje emithonjeni etholakele. Isizindalwazi sinikeza awomlando: ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing ibhokisi elingamakhilogremu angama-30 lalithengiswa ngamasiliva angama-40, kanti ngo-1985 umthengi waseJalimane wayenikela ngama-dollar angama-3000 ngetoni letiye eligayiwe, intengo yangaphakathi icishe ibe ngu-1200.

* **Ukwenza kanjani ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo ephaketheni.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Taoyuan futhi uvunyelwe ohlotsheni olujwayelekile.
    * Ungadidanisi ne-常德红茶 yesifunda: i-Taoyuan ayihlanganyeli endaweni yayo.
    * Iqabunga liyimicu emnyama, emincane futhi elinganayo; iqabunga eliphisiwe linombala obomvu olinganayo.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Endaweni kukhona idolobhana i-Taohuayuan (桃花源), elisho "Umthombo Wamapetshisi", elanikeza igama lesifunda.
* Umqulu wokuvikela ubiza uphawu lwekhwalithi lokho abaningi abangakubheka njengokushiyeka, okungukufiphala kotshwala obupholile.
* Encwadini yesifundazwe yezophawu lwendawo yango-2024, okuvela esifundeni kubhalwa i-Taoyuan Daye Cha kanye ne "[桃源野茶王](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taoyuan-yechawang)"; i-Taoyuan Hongcha uqobo ayikho lapho, ukuvikelwa ngomugqa we-CNIPA ikuthole ngo-2025.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu ase-Hunan:**

* **I-Taoyuan Daye Cha ([桃源大叶茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taoyuan-daye-cha)):** Igama lohlobo lwendawo olunamaqabunga amakhulu lwesifunda esifanayo, okuyinsika yezinto zokusetshenziswa zohlobo lomkhiqizo wetiye elibomvu.
* **I-Changde Hongcha (常德红茶):** Itiye elibomvu likamasipala ofanayo, indawo yalo i-Taoyuan iyigeja.
* **I-Anhua Hongcha ([安化红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anhua-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esibheka naso njengesiqalo setiye elibomvu lase-Hunan.
* **I-Xinhua Hongcha ([新化红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinhua-hongcha)):** Omunye futhi ofuna isihloko sokuqala kwe-湖红.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Taoyuan Hongcha itiye elibomvu elinomlando wezohwebo onemininingwane: abathengi bango-1857, i-Shaping yezohwebo yango-1865, ifektri yokuthumela ngaphandle yango-1955–1987 kanye nohlobo lwamanje lwesifunda olusekelwe ohlotsheni lwendawo olunamaqabunga amakhulu. Umqulu wokuvikela uchaza imicu emnyama emincane, iphunga elimnandi nelijulile, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokusha kanye notshwala obubomvu obunendandatho "yegolide", obufiphala lapho bupholile.