---
title: "Táiwān zhūchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/taiwan-zhucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Táiwān zhūchá (臺灣珠茶)

**I-Taiwan Zhucha** (*Táiwān zhūchá*, 臺灣珠茶) itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lesigaba se-珠茶 (*zhūchá*, "itiye leparele", emakethe yaseNtshonalanga — gunpowder), eligoqwe laba amabhola aqinile, elalikhiqizwa e-Taiwan ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1940. Ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko kahulumeni waseTaiwan i-國家文化記憶庫, indlela yokwenza i-珠茶 yalethwa esiqhingini abahwebi baseShanghai ngo-1948, futhi ngokushesha leli tiye laba enye yezinto ezinkulu ezazithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaseTaiwan. Ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kuya kowe-1970, ngokombhalo ofanayo, i-Taiwan yayingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ekuthumeleni i-珠茶, kwathi maphakathi nawo-1970 ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza nokuncintisana ne-China enkulu, ukuthunyelwa kwalo kwacishe kwaphela. Imakethe eyinhloko yetiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950 kwakuyiNyakatho Afrika. Ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Formosa Gunpowder" itiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan eliyimibhola lichazwe encwadini edumile yesiRashiya emayelana netiye, kodwa emibhalweni yaseTaiwan etholiwe leli gama alikho. Uhlobo lwesihlahla, izindawo zokukha, izindlela zokucubungula nokunambitheka ngokwemithombo eyisisekelo akwaziwa, nokuthi i-珠茶 yaseTaiwan isakhiqizwa yini njengamanje akutholakali, ngakho-ke i-athikili ikakhulukazi ingeyomlando.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (綠茶, *lǜchá*) eliqiniswa ngokushiswa embizeni — 炒菁 (*chǎoqīng*). Umbhalo waseTaiwan uchaza ngokuqondile i-珠茶 njenge "tiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe" (炒菁的綠茶) elenziwe ngeqabunga eligoqwe laba amaparele amancane.
* **Isigaba:** I-珠茶 isigaba sobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza esimweni samabhola. Kuso futhi kukhona iPingshui Zhucha yaseZhejiang ([平水珠茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingshui-zhucha), *Píngshuǐ zhūchá*): isigaba siyafana, izifunda zihlukile, ngakho-ke itiye laseTaiwan alilona uhlobo oluhlukile noma igama elifanayo nepingshui. E-China i-珠茶 ichazwa izinga lokunconywa i-GB/T 14456.4-2016 "绿茶 第4部分：珠茶": itiye eliqediwe elivela ku "round roasted" green (圆炒青绿茶, *yuán chǎoqīng lǜchá*), eliqedwa ngokuhlunga, ukupephetha, ukuqamba, ukukhetha nokuhlanganisa. Umkhiqizo waseTaiwan awulawulwa yileli zinga, nokuthi i-珠茶 yaseTaiwan yayihlungwa ngayiphi imithetho, imithombo etholiwe ayisho.
* **Igama lamazwe ngamazwe:** Gunpowder, gunpowder tea — igama laseNtshonalanga lesigaba se-珠茶; leli gama lisetshenziswa nalo yizinga laseChina.
* **Imvelaphi:** ITaiwan. Ngokwemibhalo, isampula eyaziwayo yemboni yaseFuyuan eLongtan (龍潭福源茶廠, *Lóngtán Fúyuán cháchǎng*), eyakhiqizwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960. Ngokwesihloko sesayensi sango-2021, ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kwango-1948 esifundeni saseXinzhu (新竹, *Xīnzhú*) naseTaoyuan (桃園, *Táoyuán*) kwavela izimboni eziyi-12 ezazenza itiye eliluhlaza ngendlela yamaShayina; ukuthi leli tiye laliluhlobo luni, isihloko asisho. Ukuthi iLongtan ingeyesiphi isifunda noma idolobha, umbhalo wesizinda samasiko awukusho.
* **Isikhathi:** Indlela yokukhiqiza, ngokwemithombo yaseTaiwan, yalethwa ngo-1948; ukuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza esiqhingini ngemuva kwempi, ngokwetafula yombiko ka-1953, kwaqala ngo-1949; maphakathi nawo-1970 i-珠茶, ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, cishe yayingasathunyelwa. Noma ngabe kusakhiqizwa yini njengamanje, akutholakali.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Imithombo ayinikezi izixhumanisi noma imingcele yendawo yokukhiqiza; kwaziwa kuphela izindawo ezishiwo ngenhla.

**2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ngaphambi kuka-1949.** Ngokombiko we-JCRR yango-1953, imakethe eyinhloko yetiye eliluhlaza ngaphandle kwamazwe akhiqizayo kwakuyiNyakatho Afrika, futhi ngaphambi kuka-1949 yayihlala igcwele itiye eliluhlaza lase China. Umbiko ofanayo uthi ngaphambi kuka-1949 itiye eliluhlaza lalingakhiqizwa e-Taiwan. Umthengisi wetiye waseTaiwan, ngokuphambene, ubhala ngetiye eliluhlaza lesikhathi saseJapan (1895–1945), kanti isihloko sale encyclopedia esithi "I-Taiwan Sencha" sikhuluma ngokushiswa kwesitimu eminyakeni yobukoloni. Okwe-珠茶 lokhu kwehluka akubalulekile kangako: indlela yokuyenza, ngokombhalo waseTaiwan, yalethwa kuphela ngo-1948.
    * **1948.** Ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, indlela yokwenza i-珠茶 yalethwa esiqhingini abahwebi baseShanghai, futhi ngokushesha itiye laba enye yezinto ezinkulu ezazithunyelwa ngaphandle (embhalweni — 外銷之主力, *wàixiāo zhī zhǔlì*). Isihloko embukisweni wezolimo waseTaiwan (isigaba sezihloko siqhutshwa isiteshi sokuthuthukisa itiye i-茶及飲料作物改良場) sithi iqembu labahwebi betiye baseShanghai lenza itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe esiqhingini futhi lalithengisa ngempumelelo eNyakatho Afrika. Isihloko sesayensi sango-2021 sithi umqalisi kwakuyinkampani yamanye amazwe yokuhweba i-協和洋行 (*Xiéhé yángháng*): yavula igatsha e-Taiwan futhi yamema izingcweti zaseChina ukuba zizame ukwenza itiye eliluhlaza, kwathi ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo yasungula izimboni eziyi-12 esifundeni saseXinzhu naseTaoyuan. Lezi zinguqulo aziphikisani. Umthengisi wetiye waseTaiwan uthi ngo-1948 kusuka e China enkulu kwalethwa nendlela yokwenza i-Chun Mee ne-Gunpowder, kanti incwadi yaseTaiwan i-foodNEXT (2016) ithi abahwebi betiye baseShanghai baqala i-珠茶 ne-[眉茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meicha) (*méichá*), ezaba yinto entsha eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
    * **1949–1952.** Ngokwetafula yombiko we-JCRR, ukuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza eTaiwan kwaba ngamathani ayi-1 197 ngo-1949, amathani angama-640 ngo-1950, amathani ayi-2 882 ngo-1951 namathani ayi-6 150 ngo-1952; kwiminyaka ka-1946–1948 itiye eliluhlaza alikho ekuthunyelweni. Ngo-1952 itiye eliluhlaza laqala ukuba yingxenye enkulu yokuthunyelwa — amathani ayi-6 150 kwayi-9 479. Umbiko uchaza ukuguquka ngenani lentengo nezindleko; abathengi baseNyakatho Afrika ngalowo nyaka babenikela ngaphezu kuka-0,40 dollar yaseMelika ngephawundi. Izibalo azihlukanisi itiye eliluhlaza ku-珠茶 ne-眉茶, ngakho-ke ingxenye ye-珠茶 ayaziwa.
    * **Ikhwalithi yeminyaka yokuqala.** Umbhali wombiko we-JCRR wabhala ukuthi ngo-1949–1950 izimboni zendawo zazinzima ukuthola itiye eliluhlaza elicwebezele kahle nokunuka kwemvelo kwetiye elihle kakhulu lase China enkulu. Ngo-1951–1952 ubuchwepheshe bathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi "eminyakeni emine emifushane" itiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan lathola "igama nendawo ethile" emakethe yaseNyakatho Afrika. Kodwa ngo-1953 ikhwalithi yalo, ngokombiko ofanayo, yayisathathwa njengephansi kunaleyo yase China enkulu ehamba phambili.
    * **1950–1970s.** Ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, kulezi zingamashumi eminyaka i-Taiwan yayingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ekuthumeleni i-珠茶. Isihloko sesayensi sango-2021 sithi ngemuva kuka-1961 itiye eliluhlaza laba yinto eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa kwetiye laseTaiwan — ngaphezu kuka-50 % wokuthunyelwa. Ngo-1969, ngokomlando wenhlangano yomkhakha i-台灣區製茶工業同業公會, yasiza abakhiqizi betiye eliluhlaza abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili ukusungula i-"中華綠茶聯合出口公司" — inkampani eyayinikezwe ngemithetho kahulumeni ukuthengisa itiye eliluhlaza eNyakatho Afrika naseHong Kong.
    * **Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960.** Embonini yaseFuyuan eLongtan kwakhiqizwa i-珠茶, okwathi ngo-1988 yatholwa embonini umuntu owabe esenikela isithombe sayo esizindeni samasiko. Umqambi wombhalo walinganisela ikhwalithi yesampula "njengephakeme impela", engaphansi kweyamanje ye-珠茶 esezingeni eliphezulu emakethe yomhlaba. Lo mbono ungokwesampula eyodwa, hhayi isici sesitayela.
    * **Ukwehla.** Ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu nokuncintisana ne-China enkulu, maphakathi nawo-1970 i-珠茶 cishe yayiyeka ukuthunyelwa. Isihloko embukisweni wezolimo sengeza ukuthi ngemuva kokwehluleka eNyakatho Afrika, ukuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan kwagxila eJapan, futhi kusukela eminyakeni yama-1970 kwehla unyaka nonyaka. Ukuthi yiliphi itiye elaliya eJapan, isihloko asisho; ngetiye eliluhlaza elishisiwe ngesitimu lasesiqhingini kukhuluma isihloko esithi "I-Taiwan Sencha".
    * **1980.** Inhlangano yenza ukuthenga okuphuthumayo kweLibya — amathani angama-250 etiye eliluhlaza i-珍眉 (*zhēnméi*) emaphaketheni amancane angamakhilogremu angu-0.5 nelilodwa; lolu ulayini we-眉茶, hhayi i-珠茶. Ngokomunye umbhalo wesizinda samasiko, kuze kube ngo-1980 itiye lahlala liwumkhiqizo obalulekile wokuthunyelwa waseTaiwan futhi laliya eJapan, eNyakatho Afrika, e-United States, eYurophu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
    * **Manje.** Emfundweni wesiteshi i-茶及飲料作物改良場 ka-2024 itiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan lethulwa nge-煎茶 (*jiānchá*) eshisiwe ngesitimu kanye ne-[碧螺春](https://thetea.app/zu/article/biluochun) (*bìluóchūn*) ne-龍井 (*lóngjǐng*) ezigazingiwe kusuka esifundeni saseSanxia (三峽區, *Sānxiá qū*) edolobheni laseXinbei; i-珠茶 ayishiwongo lapho. Lokhu akufakazeli ukuthi i-珠茶 ayenziwa e-Taiwan: ukuthi isakhiqizwa yini njengamanje, imithombo etholiwe ayikutholi.
* **Igama:**
    * **臺灣 (*Táiwān*)** — iTaiwan.
    * **珠茶 (*zhūchá*)** — "itiye leparele". Ngokombhalo waseTaiwan, itiye liqinile, linesisindo futhi lifana neparele elincane, yingakho igama lalo. Kuyo futhi kuthiwa igama eligcwele lesigaba — 平水珠茶 nokuthi lenziwa esifundeni saseShaoxing esifundazweni saseZhejiang; itiye laseTaiwan ngenxa yalokho alibi ipingshui.
    * **臺灣珠茶** — embhalweni wesizinda samasiko lokhu kuyisisho sokuchaza ("ikhwalithi ye-Taiwan 珠茶 iphakeme impela"), hhayi igama elisemthethweni. Indlela yokubiza igama eliphelele ngamathoni — eyamagama: imithombo inikeza ngezinhlamvu, kanti i-pinyin *zhū chá* inikezwa kuphela kwi-珠茶.
    * **Gunpowder** — igama laseNtshonalanga le-珠茶. Ukuthi livela kuphi, izinguqulo ziyahlukana. Umbhalo waseTaiwan uthi abantu baseNtshonalanga i-珠茶 emnyama ngenxa yokugcinwa yabakhumbuza impushana yesibhamu. Isihloko sale encyclopedia esithi "Pingshui Zhucha" sikhuluma ngokuhlanganiswa okukabili — ngokubukeka kwama-granules nangethoni "yokushiswa" yokunambitheka. Izitolo zaseNtshonalanga zixoxa inganekwane ngomabhalane osemusha waseNgilandi, obona amabhola efana nempushana. Alukho uhlobo oluthile oluqinisekiswa yimithombo eyisisekelo.
    * **Formosa Gunpowder, "Formosa Poroh"** — yile ndlela itiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan eliyimibhola elibizwa ngayo encwadini edumile yesiRashiya ka-Yu. G. Ivanov "Encyclopedia yetiye"; leli gama livela nasezitolo zaseNtshonalanga. Igama elithi "Formosa" liwuphawu oludala lokuhweba lwetiye laseTaiwan: ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, ngo-1869 itiye le-oolong laseTaiwan laqala ukuthengiswa ngqo e-United States, kuthuthukiswa igama elithi Formosa Tea. Ukuthi i-Formosa Gunpowder isho ngempela i-珠茶 yaseTaiwan, akufakazelwa yimithombo eyisisekelo: emibhalweni yaseTaiwan etholiwe leli gama alikho, futhi ukuthi itiye elithengiswa ngalo njengamanje livela kuphi, akuhloliwe.
    * **"Porokh"** — encwadini ka-V. M. Semyonov "Isimemo setiye" itiye eliluhlaza "porokh" libalwa phakathi kwemikhiqizo yaseTaiwan kanye ne-oolong futhi, ngamanani alinganiselwe, ne-pouchong.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Taiwan 珠茶 iyingxenye yesahluko sokuthunyelwa komlando wetiye laseTaiwan. Eminyakeni embalwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950 itiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini — embikweni ka-1953 alihlukaniswa ngesimo — ledlula ekuthunyelweni itiye elibomvu, futhi imakethe yaseNyakatho Afrika, ngaphambili eyayigcwele itiye lase China enkulu, yamukela elaseTaiwan. Isithombe sesampula yemboni yaseLongtan sangena esizindeni samasiko sikahulumeni njengobufakazi balokhu kukhiqiza.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Isihlahla setiye *Camellia sinensis*; izinhlobo ezithile emithonjeni etholiwe azishiwongo. Ukuthi izimboni zetiye eliluhlaza ze-1950–1970 zazisebenzisa maphi amaqabunga, akwaziwa.
* **Ukuvuna:** Izinkathi nezinsuku zokuvuna kwe-Taiwan 珠茶 imithombo ayisho.
* **Indinganiso yokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane. Ezingeni lase China elikhulu, izinto zokwakha i-珠茶 — umkhiqizo ongagcwele we "round roasted" green tea (圆炒青, *yuán chǎoqīng*); ukuthi lo mthetho wawusetshenziswa yini eTaiwan, akwaziwa.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Akwaziwa.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Imithombo isho izindawo ezimbili. Eyokuqala — isifunda saseXinzhu naseTaoyuan, lapho ngemuva kuka-1948, ngokwesihloko sesayensi sango-2021, kwasebenza izimboni zetiye eliluhlaza eziyi-12. Eyesibili — iLongtan, lapho kwakhiqizwa khona isampula eyaziwayo ye-珠茶. Ukuthi izimboni zazithathaphi amaqabunga, imithombo ayisho.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane ngesimo sezulu sezindawo zokukhiqiza emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Ayikho imininingwane.
* **Umhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izindlela zaseTaiwan azikho emithonjeni etholiwe. Kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi ngo-1948 esiqhingini kwalethwa indlela yase China enkulu — isihloko sesayensi sango-2021 sikhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza "ngendlela yamaShayina," — ukuthi i-珠茶 itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe, eligoqwe laba amabhola, nokuthi ngo-1949–1950 izimboni zendawo zazinzima ukuthola itiye elicwebile eliluhlaza, futhi ngo-1951–1952 ubuchwepheshe bathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezathuthukiswa, izingcezu zombiko we-JCRR ezitholiwe azisho.

Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile, njengamatiye amaningi aluhlaza emabhola, hhayi incazelo ye-Taiwan 珠茶 ngqo:

1.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa embizeni kucima ama-enzyme eqabunga, yingakho itiye eliluhlaza lingafakwa umoya. Kwi-珠茶 lokhu ukushisa, hhayi isitimu.
2.  **Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga liyasontwa, kuphule amaseli futhi kunikeze isimo.
3.  **Ukugingqa nokomisa embizeni (炒干, *chǎogān*):** Iqabunga ligingqwa futhi lomiswa isikhathi eside, lize lisonge libe ibhola eliqinile.
4.  **Ukuqedela (精制, *jīngzhì*):** Ngokwezinga lase China elikhulu, i-珠茶 eqediwe itholakala kumkhiqizo ongagcwele ngokuhlunga (筛分, *shāifēn*), ukupephetha (风选, *fēngxuǎn*), ukuqamba (整形, *zhěngxíng*), ukukhetha (拣剔, *jiǎntī*) nokuhlanganisa ([拼配](https://thetea.app/zu/article/chunliaopinpei), *pīnpèi*).

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

I-organoleptika ye-Taiwan 珠茶 ngokwemithombo eyisisekelo ayaziwa. Umbhalo waseTaiwan uchaza i-珠茶 ngokujwayelekile, kanti ngesampula yaseLongtan unikeza kuphela ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi; incwadi edumile yesiRashiya ichaza "Formosa Porokh" ngaphandle kokukhomba iqoqo nonyaka. Ngezansi — okukhona, nokukhonjiswa ukuthi kuvela kuphi.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ngokombhalo waseTaiwan nge-珠茶 ngokujwayelekile — amabhola aqinile, asindayo, afana namaparele amancane; itiye elisanda kwenziwa linombala ompunga-oluhlaza (灰白綠色, *huībái lǜsè*), lapho ligcinwa liba mnyama kuze kube mnyama. Incwadi ka-Ivanov nayo ikhuluma ngamabhola amancane.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo.
* **Iphunga letiye:** Azikho izincazelo. Umbiko we-JCRR waphawula kuphela ukuthi ngo-1949–1950 izimboni zendawo zazinzima ukunikeza itiye eliluhlaza iphunga lemvelo letiye elihle kakhulu lase China enkulu; lokhu ukuhlolwa kwetiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini ngokujwayelekile.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Umbala wetiye:** Ngokwencwadi ka-Ivanov — amber; lena incazelo yeqoqo elingaziwa. Umbiko we-JCRR ubiza isibonelo "itiye elicwebile eliluhlaza" le China enkulu ehamba phambili, okwakunzima izimboni zasesiqhingini ngo-1949–1950 ukulithola.
* **Izimpande zetiye (iqabunga elenziwe):** Azikho izincazelo. Ngokwencwadi ka-Ivanov, amabhola lapho ethelwa amanzi abilayo "aba sengathi aqhuma," okusho ukuthi ayavuleka.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokwakheka kwe-Taiwan 珠茶. Njengamatiye amaningi aluhlaza, phakathi kwama-polyphenol kukhona ama-catechin; kukhona nama-amino acid, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine, ne-caffeine. Ingxenye yabo e-Taiwan 珠茶 ayikalinywa.

**8. Izinzuzo zempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngokuphisa i-Taiwan 珠茶. Incwadi ka-Ivanov ithi "Formosa Porokh" isetshenziswa kabanzi ngetiye le-mint, njengetiye lasemva kwesidlo nanjengephuzo elibandayo eliqabulayo; imithombo eyisisekelo ayisho lokhu, isho kuphela iNyakatho Afrika njengemakethe eyinhloko yetiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950. Ngezansi — umkhuba, njengamatiye amaningi aluhlaza emabhola.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** Cishe amagremu amathathu ku-150 ml. Amabhola asindayo futhi lapho ephuzwa avuleka kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngomthamo wetiye elomile ngokuvamile kuthathwa okuncane kunalokho okubonakala.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan (蓋碗, *gàiwǎn*) noma ingilazi yegilasi.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukushisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
    2. Ukubeka itiye.
    3. Ukuthela amanzi eqabungeni bese uwasusa ngokushesha: ukuwashisa okufushane kusiza amabhola aqinile ukuqala ukuvuleka.
    4. Ukuncela kokuqala — cishe umzuzu; amabhola avuleka kancane kancane.
    5. Ukuthulula ukuncela ngokuphelele, ungalishiyi iqabunga emanzini.
    6. Ukuphinda uthele — ngokwandisa isikhathi kancane kancane; ukuthi i-Taiwan 珠茶 ikwazi ukumelana nokuphindwa kangaki, imithombo ayisho.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Ayikho imininingwane yokugcina leli tiye ngqo. Umbhalo waseTaiwan uphawula ukuthi i-珠茶 lapho igcinwa iyafiphala — itiye elisha elimpunga-oluhlaza liba mnyama. Njengamatiye amaningi aluhlaza: ephaketheni elivaleke kahle, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga langaphandle; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo nokukhwabanisa:**

Awekho amanani anamuhla e-Taiwan 珠茶 emithonjeni etholiwe. Isinkomba somlando sinikezwa umbiko we-JCRR: ngo-1952 abathengi baseNyakatho Afrika babenikela ngetiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan ngokwesilinganiso ngaphezu kuka-0,40 dollar yaseMelika ngephawundi.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Igama elithi Formosa Gunpowder ephaketheni alifakazeli imvelaphi yaseTaiwan: ukuxhumana kwaleli gama ne-Taiwan 珠茶 akufakazelwa, futhi ukuthi itiye elithengiswa ngalo livela kuphi, akuhloliwe. Ukubuza umthengisi ukuthi itiye lenziwa kuphi futhi ngubani.
    * Ungakudidi ne-Pingshui Zhucha (平水珠茶): isigaba siyafana, kodwa leli itiye laseZhejiang.
    * Isimo samabhola sikhomba isigaba se-珠茶, hhayi indawo yokukhiqiza.
    * Umbala omnyama wamabhola awuwona ngokwakho uphawu lokukhwabanisa: ngokombhalo waseTaiwan, i-珠茶 iyafiphala lapho igcinwa. Kodwa ungasho ukuthi iqoqo lalilele isikhathi eside.
    * I-眉茶 ne-珍眉 — olunye ulayini wokuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza, olwalukhiqizwa nalo eTaiwan; akulona i-珠茶.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Itiye eliluhlaza langena ekuthunyelweni kwaseTaiwan ngokushesha: ngo-1946–1948 lalingekho ekuthunyelweni, kwathi ngo-1952 lanikeza amathani ayi-6 150 kwayi-9 479 — ngaphezu kwengxenye.
* Umbiko we-JCRR ka-1953 awusho izinhlobo zetiye eliluhlaza — hhayi i-珠茶, hhayi i-gunpowder: amatafula awo awahlukanisi itiye "leparele" netiye "lamashiya" i-眉茶.
* Umbhalo waseTaiwan ngesampula yaseLongtan ukhumbuza ukuthi igama eligcwele lesigaba — 平水珠茶, ngePingshui yaseZhejiang.
* Isampula, eyakhiqizwa eLongtan ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960, nango-1988 lalisembonini: latholwa lapho umuntu owabe esenikela isithombe sakhe esizindeni samasiko.
* Ukuthi ubani owaletha esiqhingini indlela yokwenza itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe, imithombo isho ngokuhlukile: umbhalo waseTaiwan nesihloko embukisweni wezolimo — abahwebi baseShanghai, isihloko sesayensi sango-2021 — inkampani yamanye amazwe i-協和洋行 nezingcweti zaseChina.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:**

* **Pingshui Zhucha (平水珠茶, *Píngshuǐ zhūchá*):** Isigaba esifanayo se-珠茶 saseZhejiang; ngokombhalo waseTaiwan, i-平水珠茶 igama eligcwele lesigaba. I-Taiwan 珠茶 — ukukhiqizwa kwesinye isifunda, hhayi igama elifanayo.
* **Meicha (眉茶, *méichá*) ne-Zhen Mei (珍眉, *zhēnméi*):** Olunye ulayini wokuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe. E-Taiwan lwalukhiqizwa futhi — ngo-1980 iLibya yayithunyelwa i-珍眉; ezibalweni zasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950 i-眉茶 ne-珠茶 zaseTaiwan azihlukani.
* **Sanxia Bi Luo Chun ([三峽碧螺春](https://thetea.app/zu/article/sanxia-biluochun), *Sānxiá bìluóchūn*) ne-Longjing yaseSanxia (龍井茶, *[lóngjǐng chá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/longjing-cha)*):** Amatiye aluhlaza anamuhla agazingiwe aseTaiwan, isiteshi i-茶及飲料作物改良場 ngo-2024 ethula ngawo itiye eliluhlaza laseTaiwan.
* **I-Taiwan Sencha ([臺灣煎茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taiwan-jiancha), *Táiwān jiānchá*):** Itiye eliluhlaza elishisiwe ngesitimu (蒸菁, *zhēngqīng*) — obunye ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisa.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Taiwan Zhucha — ngokuyinhloko isahluko somlando wokuthunyelwa kwasesiqhingini. Isigaba sase China esikhulu se-珠茶 safika eTaiwan, ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, ngo-1948, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe; itiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini eminyakeni embalwa lathatha indawo emakethe yaseNyakatho Afrika, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwe-珠茶 maphakathi nawo-1970 kwacishe kwaphela ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu nokuncintisana ne China enkulu. Emithonjeni eyisisekelo ngqo nge-Taiwan 珠茶 kukhuluma kuphela lo mbhalo nesampula eyodwa echaziwe yemboni yaseLongtan yasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960; amatafula ombiko ka-1953 nomlando wenhlangano yomkhakha akhuluma ngetiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini ngokujwayelekile.

Kuqinisekisiwe isigaba nokukhula ngokushesha kokuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza lasesiqhingini ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950. Isikhathi sokuvela kwe-珠茶 eTaiwan nokwehla kokuthunyelwa kwayo kwaziwa ngokombhalo wesizinda samasiko, kanti ngokuthi ubani owaletha indlela, imithombo iyahlukana. Kuvulekile uhlobo lwesihlahla, izindawo zokukha, izindlela, ukunambitheka, ingxenye ye-珠茶 ekuthunyelweni nokukhiqizwa kwamanje, kanti ukuxhumana kwegama elithi Formosa Gunpowder ne-Taiwan 珠茶 kuhlala kuwukuqagela, okungakaqinisekiswa yimibhalo yaseTaiwan okwamanje.