---
title: "Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/songxi-jiulong-dabaicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá (松溪九龙大白茶)

**Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha** (*Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá*, 松溪九龙大白茶) — itiye elimhlophe lesifunda saseSongxi (松溪县) esifundeni saseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian, elenziwe ngezinhlobo zendawo ze九龙大白茶. Isihlahla sikamama salezi zinhlobo satholwa ngo-1868 emgqeni weJiulonggang eduze kwedolobhana laseShuangyuan; kuso isifunda sakha izinhlobo ze-clonal, ezamukelwa njengezinhle eziphambili zesifundazwe ngo-1998. Izinhlobo zikhiqiza imiqumbe emikhulu enamanzi anomoya omhlophe, futhi ocwaningweni lokuqhathanisa lwezinhlobo eziyisithupha zetiye elimhlophe zikhombise amacatechin amaningi kakhulu ne-theanine. Kusukela ngo-2022 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwendawo, olubhalwe empahleni "itiye elimhlophe".

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elimhlophe (白茶, *báichá*). Isigaba sibekwe ngumbhalo: uphawu lubhalwe empahleni «白茶».
* **Isicupho segama:** «大白» (*dàbái*, «omkhulu omhlophe») egameni — igama lezinhlobo, hhayi isigaba: babiza kanjalo izihlahla ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezinomoya omhlophe omningi. Izinhlobo zisetshenziswa nakwamanye amatiye; isifunda sinezimpawu ezihlukene zetiye elibomvu neliluhlaza.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elimhlophe elivela ezinhlotsheni zendawo eyodwa; uphawu lwendawo (2022).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), isifunda sikaMasipala saseNanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), isifunda saseSongxi (松溪县, *Sōngxī xiàn*); indawo yokuzalwa yezinhlobo — idolobha laseZhengdun (郑墩镇).
* **Indawo:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza isifunda saseSongxi njengobunikazi bophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
* **Indlela yokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo noma oluhlangene lwe-CNIPA № 60909447, impahla — itiye elimhlophe. Ohlwini lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Emibhalweni yophawu azikhonjisiwe.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1868.** Ngonyaka wesikhombisa kaTongzhi emgqeni weJiulonggang (九龙岗) eduze kwedolobhana laseShuangyuan (双源村) kwatholakala isihlahla sikamama; abantu babesibiza ngo «itiye lamadragoni ayisishiyagalolunye» (九龙茶). Ngokwemininingwane yephephandaba lesifundazwe ngo-2023, isihlahla sineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150.
    * **1965 no-1981.** Isifunda saqhuba ukukhetha izihlahla ezingcono kakhulu; ngo-1981 izinhlobo zathola igama «九龙大白茶».
    * **1998.** Ikhomishana yesifundazwe yezinhlobo zezitshalo zokulima yazamukela njengezinhlobo eziphambili zesifundazwe.
    * **2009.** Izinhlobo zafakwa kukhathalogi yesifundazwe yezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile; eJiulonggang, edolobheni laseZhengdun, kwasungulwa indawo yesifundazwe yokuvikela.
    * **2019.** Isifunda sathola isihloko esithi «Indawo yaseChina yokuzalwa kweJiulong Dabaicha» (中国九龙大白茶之乡).
    * **2022.** Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwendawo «松溪九龙大白茶» № 60909447 empahleni «itiye elimhlophe».
* **Igama:**
    * «Songxi» (松溪) — igama lesifunda.
    * «Jiulong» (九龙) — «amadragoni ayisishiyagalolunye», ngomgqa weJiulonggang, lapho kwatholakala khona isihlahla sikamama.
    * «Dabaicha» (大白茶, *dàbáichá*) — «itiye elikhulu elimhlophe», uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezinomoya omhlophe.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngalezi zinhlobo kuhlobene ukukhula kwetiye elimhlophe eSongxi: ngokwemininingwane yephephandaba lesifundazwe, kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022 indawo ngaphansi kwazo yakhula isuka ku-1000 yaya ku-12 000 mu, kanti inani labakhiqizi lakhula lisuka kwabangaphansi kweshumi laya kwabangaphezu kwekhulu.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Imvelaphi yezinhlobo:** Ngokwezincazelo zezinhlobo, zakhiqizwa yisiteshi sesifunda sokuphatha ukulinywa kwetiye ngokukhetha isihlahla esisodwa kubantu bendawo bembewu; izinhlobo ngokwazo ziyi-clonal.
* **Uhlobo lwesihlahla:** Isihlahla esincane (小[乔木](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sokuqala (早芽种).
* **Amahlumela:** Amaqabunga amakhulu, imiqumbe inamanzi futhi iqinile, umoya omhlophe ukhanya (叶片硕大、毫心肥壮、茸毛洁白); imiqumbe iqala ukukhula kusenesikhathi, umoya omhlophe mningi.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** Imiqumbe namahlumela athambile; iphephandaba libala phakathi kwemikhiqizo izinaliti zesiliva ([白毫银针](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baihao-yinzhen)) no-mudan (牡丹). Izinga lokuqoqa lophawu alikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Azikho izinsuku eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele; izinhlobo zisengaphambili.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INyakatho yeFujian, isifunda saseSongxi esifundeni saseNanping. Isihlahla sikamama sikhula emgqeni weJiulonggang eduze kwedolobhana laseShuangyuan edolobheni laseZhengdun, endaweni yesifundazwe yokuvikela izakhi zofuzo.
* **Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu:** Akukho mininingwane yendawo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isici:** Ukuhlobana kokubukeka kwetiye nendawo, hhayi nezinhlobo, imithombo etholakele ayikuhlaziyi; izincazelo zigcizelela izinhlobo — imiqumbe emikhulu enomoya omhlophe yokuqala.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Iphephandaba lesifundazwe libala njengezinyathelo ezibalulekile zetiye elimhlophe ukuvutshelwa nokomiswa. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bophawu abukho emithonjeni etholakele. Isikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba esimhlophe yilesi:

1.  **Ukuvutshelwa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Isikhathi eside, emoyeni noma endlini; iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama kancane, i-oxidation yenzeka ngokwayo, ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
2.  **Ukoma (干燥, *gānzào*):** Kuqinisekisa umphumela.

Ukusonteka nokulungiswa kwetiye elimhlophe akukho. Lesi yisikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe balolu phawu; amapharamitha awakho emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe esihlokweni sephephabhuku «Isayensi Yokudla» (食品科学, 2025) ngesampula yetiye elimhlophe lezinhlobo ze九龙大白茶 — le yimininingwane yocwaningo, hhayi izidingo zophawu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imiqumbe ikakhulukazi inamanzi futhi iqinile, inomoya obonakalayo; umbala umpunga-oluhlaza, uphilayo (芽头尤为肥壮、显毫；色泽灰绿润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Lisha futhi lithambile, linamanothi acacile ezimbali nephunga lomoya (香气鲜嫩，花香、毫香显).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kuvuselela, kunothi lwembali ne «ukunambitheka komoya» okugcwele (滋味鲜醇甘爽、花香、毫韵足).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uphuzi webhilikosi, ukhanya (杏黄明亮).
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe):** Lithambile, lithembekile, likhanya (叶底软嫩明).

Iphephandaba lesifundazwe lichaza izinhlobo njengokuhlanganisa ubusha betiye elimhlophe laseFuding nokugcwala kwetiye laseNyakatho Fujian.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane yocwaningo olufanayo: baqhathanisa itiye elimhlophe lezinhlobo eziyisithupha — 九龙大白茶, [福安](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fuan)大白茶, 福云6号, 政和大白茶, 福鼎大白茶 ne菜茶 yendawo yaseSongxi. Kwi九龙大白茶 kwatholakala okuningi kakhulu:

| Inkomba | Ukwakheka |
| :--- | :--- |
| Inani lamacatechin | 102,52 mg/g |
| Amacatechin e-ester | 96,31 mg/g |
| Epigallocatechin gallate | 71,29 mg/g |
| Theanine | 11,00 mg/g |
| Glutamic acid | 0,68 mg/g |
| Arginine | 1,07 mg/g |

Ephunga layo kuningi kakhulu kunakwezinye izinhlobo i-2-phenylethanol enothi lwe-rose ne-cis-3-hexenol. Iphephandaba lesifundazwe linikeza isilinganiso se-amino acid esingu-4,7 % futhi libhala ukuthi lokhu kuphakeme ngo-18 % kunetiye elimhlophe elijwayelekile; i-caffeine nama-polyphenol, ngokwemininingwane yalo, maningi ngo-6 % no-3 %. Le yimininingwane yabezindaba, hhayi izinkomba zezinga.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elimhlophe.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 85–90 °C ngemiqumbe namaqabunga athambile.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan, ingilazi yengilazi noma iketela.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
    3. Ukuchama kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2 ku-gaiwan.
    4. Ngokuchama ngakunye engeza isikhathi.
    5. Ukuchama okune kuya kwayisithupha.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kuvaliwe, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Iphephandaba lihlobanisa nalezi zinhlobo imfashini yokuphuza itiye elimhlophe liselincane, «ngaphandle kokulinda».

**11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:**

Ngokwemininingwane yephephandaba lesifundazwe, kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022 intengo yeqabunga elisha yakhula isuka ku-50–60 yaya ku-180–200 yuan nge-jin, izinaliti zesiliva — isuka ku-500 yaya ku-10 000 yuan nge-jin, no-mudan — isuka ku-200 yaya ku-3500 yuan nge-jin. Lezi yizinombolo zencwadi eyodwa, hhayi inkomba yemakethe.

* **Uzivikela kanjani ezintweni zomgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu № 60909447 nomkhiqizi wesifunda saseSongxi.
    * Ngaphansi kophawu — itiye elimhlophe; itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza laseSongxi liphuma ngaphansi kwezinye izimpawu.
    * Imiqumbe emikhulu nenamanzi, inomoya omhlophe omningi; utshwala buphuzi webhilikosi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Isihlahla sikamama sezinhlobo, esatholwa ngo-1868 emgqeni weJiulonggang, ngokwemininingwane yephephandaba ngo-2023 sisaphila, futhi sineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150.
* Igama lezinhlobo lanikezwa kuphela ngo-1981 — ngemva kweminyaka eyi-113 kusukela ekutholakaleni.
* Ekuqhathaniseni izinhlobo eziyisithupha zetiye elimhlophe i九龙大白茶 ikhombise amacatechin amaningi kakhulu ne-theanine.
* Isifunda saseSongxi sinezimpawu ezintathu zetiye lezigaba ezahlukene — ezimhlophe, ezibomvu neziluhlaza.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye amhlophe:**

* **Songxi Baicha ([松溪白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/songxi-baicha)):** Isihloko sekhophasi ngetiye elimhlophe lesifunda jikelele; iSongxi Jiulong Dabaicha — uphawu lwetiye lwezinhlobo ezizodwa.
* **Baihao Yinzhen (白毫银针):** Izinaliti zesiliva — enye yezindlela lapho kuphuma khona itiye lalezi zinhlobo.
* **Bai Mudan ([白牡丹](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bai-mudan)):** Umqumbe onamaqabunga; iphephandaba libala u-mudan phakathi kwemikhiqizo yaseSongxi.
* **Shuixian Bai ([水仙白](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shuixian-bai)):** Itiye elimhlophe laseJianyang, nalo enyakatho yeFujian, elivela kwezinye izinhlobo — i-shuixian.

**Ekuphetheni:**

ISongxi Jiulong Dabaicha — itiye elimhlophe elinendawo eqondile yokuqala: isihlahla sikamama sango-1868 emgqeni weJiulonggang. Kuso kwavela izinhlobo zokuqala ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezinomqumbe onamanzi onomoya omhlophe, futhi ucwaningo lwezinhlobo eziyisithupha lwathola kuzo amacatechin amaningi kakhulu ne-theanine. Uphawu lwango-2022 lwaqinisekisa igama etiyeni elimhlophe lesifunda saseSongxi.