---
title: "Shuǐchéng Chūnchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shuicheng-chuncha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shuǐchéng Chūnchá (水城春茶)

Shuǐchéng Chūnchá (水城春茶, Shuǐchéng chūnchá — “itiye lasentwasahlobo laseShuicheng”) yitiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni zaseGuizhou, eliphethe isicoco sika-**“Ivunwa Lokuqala Lasentwasahlobo laseGuizhou” (贵州早春茶第一采)**: isivuno salo siqala ezinsukwini eziyi-10–15 ngaphambi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu baseGuizhou, bese kuqale izinsuku eziyi-10–25 ngaphambi kwetiyo laseZhejiang nelaseJiangsu. Indida: itiye likhula ezindaweni eziphakeme **1 200–2 200 amamitha** — ezinye zezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwemihlaba yaseGuizhou — kodwa liba ngeyokuqala ukuvuka ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele esithi “izinombolo eziphansi + ukuphakama okuphezulu + ukukhanya okuncane” (高海拔、低纬度、寡日照). Umhlabathi waseShuicheng ungomunye womhlabathi “oneselenium” ephezulu kakhulu eChina: isilinganiso sokuqukethwe ngamamiligremu angu-**3,24 mg/kg** — eliphakeme ngezikhathi eziningana kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaQing, itiye elithi “Mùchéngchá” (木城茶) lalisemkhatsini wohlu lwezipho ezinikelwa kumbuso (贡茶).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokweqembu kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (elingafakwanga imvubelo). Likhiqizwa ngezindlela ezimbili: eliyisicaba (扁形, “Míngqián Cuìyá” — 明前翠芽, “Guizhou Longjing”) nelisontiwe (卷曲形, “Qīngchí Máojiān” — 清池[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian)). Ngokobuchwepheshe — ukugazinga nokufudumeza.

* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo ophawulwe ngokomhlaba nge-GI (国家地理标志产品, 2015). “Ivunwa Lokuqala Lasentwasahlobo laseGuizhou” (贵州早春茶第一采). “Gòngchá” (贡茶) yomlando wangeQing (isikhathi sikaQianlong). Indondo yesiliva kwi-International Tea Congress (2024, itiye elibomvu lezihlahla zakudala). Ngo-2025 — amahektare ayi-100 200 (6 680 ha) wezingadi zetiye, amathani angu-200 etiye elomile, inani elihlanganisiwe — ngaphezu kuka-2 wezigidigidi zamayuan.

* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), idolobha laseLiupanshui (六盘水市, Liùpánshuǐ Shì), isifunda saseShuicheng (水城区, Shuǐchéng Qū). Indawo ye-GI — izigodi ezingama-21, ingqikithi yomhlaba ongamakhilomitha-skwele angu-2 370,8. Inhliziyo yomhlaba: **isigodi saseYangmei (杨梅乡)** — isizinda sezihlahla zakudala zikaJiguanyin (姬官营[古树](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushu-dashu-taidi-yesheng)基地); **ilokishi iPanlongzhen (蟠龙镇)** — izihlahla zetiye zeminyaka eyikhulu nemvelaphi yomnikelo “Mùchéngchá”; **isigodi saseLongchang (龙场乡)** — ngaphezu kwama-60% wenani eliphelele.

* **Izilawuli zendawo:** Cishe u-26°35′ enyakatho, 104°50′ empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Ngokwesiko:**

* **Umlando:** **“Gòngchá” (贡茶) yaseQing:** Ngesikhathi sikaQianlong (乾隆, 1736–1796), itiye elithi “Mùchéngchá” (木城茶, elivela ePanlongzhen) lafakwa ohlwini lwezipho ezinikelwa kumbuso, laqinisekisa isikhundla saseShuicheng njengesifunda esikhiqiza itiye.

    **1940s:** Izindawana zetiye zokuqala zezimboni zavela ePanlong naseMiluo (米箩).

    **1992:** Ipulazi lomgwaqo i-Yangmeilinchang (杨梅林场) latyala amahektare angu-2 400 wezingadi zetiye — insimu yokuqala enkulu.

    **2008:** Indawo yokukhiqiza yandiswa yaba izigodi eziyi-15.

    **1998 – kuze kube manje:** Ngo-1998, kwasungulwa Inkampani Yetiye YaseShuicheng, yakhiqiza umkhiqizo wokuqala othi “Chūnyì” (春意, “Umoya wasentwasahlobo”). Ngo-2015 — ukuvikelwa kwe-GI. Ngo-2025 — amahektare ayi-100 200.

* **Igama:**

    * “Shuǐchéng” (水城) — “Idolobha lamanzi”: igama lesifunda eLiupanshui. Isifunda sinothile ngezinsiza zamanzi.
    * “Chūn” (春) — “intwasahlobo”: igcizelela inzuzo eyisihluthulelo — ivunwa lasentwasahlobo elishesha kakhulu.
    * “Chá” (茶) — “itiye”.

* **Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko:** Shuǐchéng Chūnchá — “itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo laseGuizhou” futhi kuwuphawu lwedolobha laseLiupanshui, elidume ngokuthi “Inhloko-dolobha Ebandayo YaseChina” (中国凉都, Zhōngguó Liángdū) — idolobha elinesimo sezulu esiphole kakhulu ehlobo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / cultivar:** Imiphakathi yendawo nezinhlobonhlobo ezifakwayo, ezijwayelene nesimo sezulu sasezintabeni. Esifundeni esiyinhliziyo (Yangmei, Panlong) kusekhona **izihlahla zetiye zakudala eziyikhulu leminyaka**.

* **Ukuvuna:** Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — ngaphambi kwakho konke eGuizhou futhi ngezinsuku eziyi-10–25 ngaphambi kweZhejiang. Ngebanga eliphezulu — amachumbe agcwele noma ichumbe elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa. Ngebanga lokuqala — ichumbe elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa. Ngebanga lesibili — ichumbe elilodwa namaqabunga amancane amabili.

* **Amabanga (ama-grade):**
    * **Tèjí (特级):** Amachumbe agcwele noma ichumbe elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa. Izintshebe ezingaphezulu ngo-≥90%. Iphunga elimsulwa neliphikelelayo. Kusuka ku-1000 yuan/ijin.
    * **Yījí (一级):** Ichumbe elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa. Iphunga lamakheshini. 600–1000 yuan.
    * **Èrjí (二级):** Ichumbe elilodwa namaqabunga amabili. Eliqinile. 400–600 yuan.

**4. Umhlaba Nezici Zokutshalwa:**

* **Ukuphakama kokutshalwa:** **1 200–2 200 amamitha** — omunye wemihlaba ephakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou (naseChina). Itiye laseTibet laseLinzhi Chun Lü (1900–2300 m) kuphela elidlula leli nani.

* **Isimo sezulu:** Umoya oshisayo wasezintabeni (subtropical highland monsoon). Izinga lobushisa lonyaka okuphakathi kuka-12,5–16,5°C, imvula yonyaka inyuka ibe ngu-1050–1650 mm. Isilinganiso sezinsuku zenkungu ngonyaka — **>180**. Ingxenye yokukhanya okusakathekile — 70%. Umehluko wobusuku nemini — >10°C.

* **Indlela yomhlaba:** “高海拔、低纬度、寡日照、多云雾” — “ukuphakama okuphezulu, izinombolo eziphansi, ukukhanya okuncane, amafu amaningi” — inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele, echaza indida yesivuno esishesha kakhulu ekuphakameni okwedlulele.

* **Umhlabathi:** Umhlabathi ophuzi noma ophuzi-bunsundu (黄壤/黄棕壤), i-pH 4,5–6,5. Okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo — ≥1,0%. **Izinga elingavamile le-selenium: isilinganiso — 3,24 mg/kg** — eliphindwe izikhathi eziningana kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke (0,1–0,3 mg/kg). Ukuqukethwe kwehlathi — **61,89%**. Amanzi — ebanga likahulumeni lokuqala.

* **“Umsindo opholile wasezintabeni” (高山冷韵, gāoshān lěngyùn):** Ukuphakama + amakhaza + amafu amaningi kwenza ukukhula kwehle, kwandisa okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid (2,3–5,0%, ngama-20% ngaphezulu kunamatiye asezindaweni eziphansi) nama-polyphenol (25,2%).

* **Isici “samachumbe anqamule ubusika” (越冬芽, yuèdōng yá):** Amachumbe asinda ebusika ekuphakameni okungu-1 200–2 200 m angeneza “imiphetho ebomvu” (红边, hóngbiān) — umphetho omncane obomvana oseqabungeni, okhombisa ukuqongelela okujulile kwe-anthocyanins kanye nezakhi zomzimba ebusika obude.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe bufaka ukugazinga okushisa okuphezulu (300°C) kanye nempahla engaphatheki — ubuciko obuthi **“骑火炒” (qíhuǒ chǎo, “ukugazinga phezu komlilo”).**

* **Ukuvuna (采摘):** Ngokushesha okukhulu — uDisemba–Februwari kumabheji okuqala.
* **Ukondlela (摊青 — tān qīng):** Emathanini omhlanga, amahora angu-4–6.
* **Ukumisa ukupheka (杀青 — shāqīng):** Ekhubhu eligoqayo ngo-**300°C** — ukuqina okusheshayo, okukhiya umbala oluhlaza okomhlaba (锁翠).
* **Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn):** Ukusonteka okushisa ngesandla (手工热揉).
* **Ukomisa (干燥 — gānzào):** Izigaba ezintathu: okokuqala ngo-120°C (毛火), okokugcina ngo-80°C (足火). Okuqukethwe umswakama — ≤6,5%.

* **Isici esikhethekile — “骑火炒” (ukugazinga phezu komlilo):** Impahla engaphatheki — ingcweti isebenzisa amazinga omlilo amathathu ngokulandelana: “umlilo wempi” (武火, wǔhuǒ — izinga eliphezulu), “umlilo wokubhala” (文火, wénhuǒ — eliphakathi), “umlilo othule” (微火, wēihuǒ — eliphansi) — izinyathelo ezintathu zokugcina iphunga (三重定香, sānchóng dìngxiāng). Umjikelezo ogcwele — ekukhanyeni okucishiwe (全程避光操作) ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wama-anthocyanin.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa (Organoleptic):**

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Isimo esiyisicaba — ama-“tongues kasweli” abushelelezi, abushelelezi (扁形, 似雀舌). Isimo esisontiwe — iziphepho eziqinile, ezinzima (卷曲形, 紧实重实). Izintshebe eziningi emabangeni aphakeme.

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Lama-kheshini (栗香) — umsuka oyinhloko, ophakeme futhi ophikelelayo (栗香高长). Elihle (嫩香) — ebangeni eliphezulu. Eliyizimbali (花香) — etiyeni lezihlahla zakudala. Iphunga eliseleyo enkomishini engenalutho — **>15 imizuzu**.

* **Iphunga lamanzi etiye:** Eliyakheshini, liphikelelayo, “nokubanda kwezintaba eziphakeme”.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokumanzi (鲜爽) — ama-amino acid 2,3–5,0%. Okugxilile (醇厚) — ama-polyphenol 25,2%. Ubumnandi obuyela emuva — obuqhubekayo (回甘持久) — kuqinisekiswa okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-polysaccharide yetiye (茶多糖, cháduōtáng).

* **Umbala wamanzi etiye:** Oluhlaza okotshani-okuphuzi, omsulwa, ogqamile futhi ophaphelile (黄绿清澈明亮).

* **Izinsalela zetiye (tea dregs):** Amagatsha aluhlaza okotshani, afanayo, aminyene futhi athambile, ane-“miphetho ebomvu” — uphawu lwamachumbe anqamule ubusika (嫩绿匀亮，肥厚柔软带红边).

**7. Ukuhlelwa Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin):** **25,2%** — okuqukethwe okukhulu. Ngokuhambisana ne-selenium kwehlisa i-cholesterol ngo-30% — ngokuphumelela okukhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza aseZhejiang naseJiangsu (ngokusho kocwaningo lokuqhathanisa).
* **Ama-amino acid:** 2,3–5,0% — ububanzi obuxhomeke ebangeni. Amaqoqo aphezulu — angama-20% ngaphezulu kunamatiye asezindaweni eziphansi.
* **I-organic selenium (有机硒):** **0,25–4,00 mg/kg** (ngokwesilinganiso — ngokuphindwe ka-5,5+ kunamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile). Ivimba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nitrosamine eyibangela umdlavuza ngokusebenza okungama-40% ngaphezu kwetiye elijwayelekile.
* **Ama-polysaccharide etiye (茶多糖):** Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe — kuqinisekisa ubumnandi obuqhubekayo.
* **Ama-anthocyanin (花青素):** Akhona kumachumbe anqamule ubusika — enza umphetho obomvana.
* **Ama-alkaloid:** I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo.
* **Amavithamini:** I-Vitamin C, ama-carotenoid.

**8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:**

* **Isivikela-mdlavuza se-selenium (强效补硒):** I-selenium ephilayo (0,25–4,00 mg/kg) ivimba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nitrosamine ngokuphumelela okungu-+40% uma kuqhathaniswa netiye elijwayelekile.
* **Isivikela senhliziyo (护心降脂):** Ama-polyphenol (25,2%) + i-selenium — ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ngo-30%.
* **Isivikela emisebeni ye-radiation (抗辐射损伤):** I-selenium iyayisusa imisakazo ye-radiation ngezinga eliphindwe ngo-1,5 kunetiye elijwayelekile.
* **Umsebenzi we-antioxidant:** Umthelela ombaxambili — ama-polyphenol + i-selenium.
* **Amandla okuvuselela:** I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.

* **Kubalulekile:** akulona isincomo sezokwelapha.

**9. Ukunqamula (Ukunithwa):**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85°C; ebangeni eliphezulu — 75°C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml (1:50).
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba olukhuni.
* **Inqubo (indlela yokuthelela ngaphezulu / 上投法):** Thela amanzi, bese uthela itiye. Ukuthulula kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-30. Okulandelayo — +10 imizuzwana. Itiye limelana nokuphindwe kathathu kuya kune.

**10. Ukulondolozwa:**

* Ivaliwe, isiqandisi esingu-0–5°C. Isikhathi esivumelekile — izinyanga eziyi-12. Emva kokuvula — izinyanga ezi-3.

**11. Intengo kanye Nokuhwabanisa:**

Amabanga amathathu: Tèjí (≥1000 yuan/ijin), Yījí (600–1000), Èrjí (400–600). Thenga ngokumakwa kwe-GI; hlola iphunga lamakheshini “nokubanda kwezintaba eziphakeme”; hlola “imiphetho ebomvu” yamachumbe anqamule ubusika.

**12. Izinto Ezithakazelisayo:**

* **“贵州早春茶第一采” — “Ivunwa Lokuqala Lasentwasahlobo laseGuizhou”:** Shuǐchéng Chūnchá — itiye lokuqala esifundazweni, elidlula eZhejiang ngezinsuku eziyi-10–25. Indida: ekuphakameni okungu-1 200–2 200 m — futhi kungelokuqala.

* **I-selenium emhlabathini — 3,24 mg/kg (isilinganiso)** — ephindwe ngamashumi ezikhathi kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Lokhu kwenza uShuǐchéng Chūnchá abe ngelinye lamatiye “ane-selenium” ephezulu kakhulu eChina — kanye ne-Ziyang Lü Cha kanye ne-Jingxian Te Jian.

* **“骑火炒” (ukugazinga phezu komlilo)** — impahla engaphatheki: amazinga amathathu omlilo (wempi → wokubhala → othule) — enye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezimbonga kakhulu emhlabeni wetiye.

* “Imiphetho ebomvu” (红边) yamachumbe anqamule ubusika — uphawu olubonakalayo: umphetho omncane obomvana oseqabungeni, okhombisa ukuqongelela okujulile kwe-anthocyanin ebusika. Lolu phawu alutholakali ematiyeni asezindaweni ezifudumele.

* I-Liupanshui — “Inhloko-dolobha Ebandayo YaseChina” (中国凉都) — idolobha elinesimo sezulu esipholile ehlobo esiyingqayizivele (izinga lobushisa ehlobo eliphakathi kuka-19°C), okwenza kube ngenye yezindawo ezimbalwa eChina lapho itiye nendawo yokungcebeleka kuhlangana ndawonye.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou:**

* **Dūyún Máojiān ([都匀毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/douyun-mao-jian)):** “Ishumi Adumile”. Izingwegwe ezisontiwe “ezinokuhlaza okuthathu nokuphuzi”. I-Duyun — idume kakhulu; i-Shuicheng — iphakeme kakhulu (ifinyelela ku-2 200 m uma iqhathaniswa ne-~1 500 m) futhi ine-selenium ngokwengeziwe.

* **Méitán Cuìyá ([湄潭翠芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meitan-cui-ya)):** Into eyisicaba, 95% yokwenza ngokuzenzakalela. I-Meitan – ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe; i-Shuicheng – enezintaba kakhulu futhi yezandla, ne-“骑火炒”.

* **Lǜbǎoshí Chá ([绿宝石茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lubaoshi-cha)):** Kuyi-granulated, eyenziwe ngezinto ezivuthiwe. I-Lübaoshi – iqinile kakhulu futhi iyaphikelela (7+ izikhathi zokunithwa); i-Shuicheng – isha kakhulu futhi “yakuqala entwasahlobo”.

* **Linzhī Chūnlǜ ([林芝春绿](https://thetea.app/zu/article/linzhi-chun-lu)):** I-Tibet, 1900–2 300 m. I-Linzhi – iphakeme kakhulu; i-Shuicheng – yakuqala ngokwengeziwe futhi ine-selenium ngokwengeziwe (3,24 mg/kg vs. akucacisiwe).

**Okokuphetha:**

Shuǐchéng Chūnchá — itiye eliyindida “leNhloko-dolobha Ebandayo”: liphakeme ukwedlula wonke — futhi lungaphambi kwabo bonke, libanda ukwedlula wonke — futhi line-selenium enothile kakhulu. “Imiphetho yalo ebomvu” yamachumbe anqamule ubusika, iphunga lamakheshini “nokubanda kwezintaba eziphakeme”, izihlahla zakudala zasePanlong kanye “nokugazinga phezu komlilo” — konke lokhu kwakha itiye lapho ubulukhuni bethafa laseGuizhou buguquka bube ubumnandi obuhle bentwasahlobo. Itiye lokuqala lentwasahlobo esifundazweni lapho intwasahlobo ifika ngezintaba — futhi iphethe i-selenium, amakhaza nethemba.