---
title: "Shòuníng gāoshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shouning-gaoshan-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shòuníng gāoshān chá (寿宁高山茶)

**Ushuning Gaoshan Cha** (*Shòuníng gāoshān chá*, 寿宁[高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gao-shan-cha)) — «itiye elisemaphandleni aphakeme laseShouning», igama letiye elivikelwe lesifunda saseShouning (寿宁县) kuhulumeni wedolobha iNingde enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseFujian. Ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa kukhona itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza. Okubalulekile kulo — umngcele: indawo ihlukaniswa ngokobude, futhi kufakwa kuphela amadolobhana angaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Igama elithi «elisemaphandleni aphakeme» lapha — isimo sezomthetho. Igama livikelwa njengophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2014.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akukho sigaba esisodwa. Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zihlukanisa ngobuchwepheshe kwitiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*) kanye netiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*); ngokufanayo kuchaza iFujian Green Food Development Centre (福建绿色食品发展中心).
* **Isigaba:** Igama lesifunda elivikelwe, eliboshelwe ebangeni lezingadi.
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), uhulumeni wedolobha iNingde (宁德, *Níngdé*), isifunda iShouning (寿宁, *Shòuníng*).
* **Indawo yokuvikelwa:** Amadolobhana nemiphakathi eyi-190 yokuphatha engaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 ezindaweni eziyi-14 zezifunda namadolobhana esifunda, phakathi kwawo iNanyang (南阳), iZhuguanglong (竹管垅) kanye neQingyuan (清源). Idolobhana lendawo efanayo elingaphansi kwamamitha angama-500 alifakiwe endaweni. Angikaze ngilubone uhlu oluphelele lwamadolobhana.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** Esimemezelweni sika-2014 kubhalwe ukuthi «119°22′–119°73′ empumalanga, 27°16′–27°65′ enyakatho». Amaminithi awakwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwama-59, ngakho-ke 119°73′ kanye no-27°65′ kuyiphutha lokubhala. Kubukeka sengathi ezinye izinombolo ziyizingxenye zamadigri (119,73° kucishe kube ngu-119°44′, 27,65° kucishe kube ngu-27°39′), kodwa lokhu kungukuhumusha, hhayi idatha evela emthonjeni wokuqala.

**2. Umlando kanye nenani lamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **UFeng Menglong.** Umbhali wenkathi yeMing uFeng Menglong (冯梦龙), ngokwencazelo eyinkomba, wayeyisikhulu sesifunda saseShouning kusukela ngo-1634 futhi wabhala incazelo yesifunda ethi «Shouning dai zhi» (《寿宁待志》). I-Fujian Green Food Centre icaphuna umugqa wakhe ngetiye lalapha: «九峰山上[紫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zicha)殊，香漫甘回嫩厚舒» — entabeni iJiufengshan itiye elinsomi likhethekile: iphunga liyasakazeka, ubumnandi buyabuya, iqabunga lithambile futhi liminyene.
    * **2014.** UMnyango Wezolimo waseChina ngomemezelo № 2136 wangomhla zingama-28 kuJulayi wabhalisa iShouning Gaoshan Cha njengophawu lwendawo yezolimo. Umfakisicelo — iNhlangano Yemboni Yetiye yesifunda saseShouning (寿宁县茶业协会); inombolo yezimo zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ikhwalithi — AGI2014-02-1467.
    * **2018.** Ngokohlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu, ngomhla zingama-28 ku-Okthoba kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «寿宁高山茶» № 22780112 yaleyo nhlangano, umkhiqizo — «itiye». Ngokwehlukile kusukela ngo-2012 kusebenza uphawu «寿宁高山乌龙茶» (№ 9883861, umkhiqizo — ulong).
    * **2025.** Ihovisi likahulumeni lezobunikazi bobuhlakani baseChina (i-CNIPA) ngomemezelo № 640 wangomhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi laqaphela imikhiqizo eyi-1409 enophawu lwendawo; iShouning Gaoshan Cha iwumugqa wama-563. Isithasiselo sesibili — izidingo zokuvikelwa, kusuka kuzo kuthathwe idatha yezigaba 3, 5, 6 no-7.
* **Igama:** 寿宁 — igama lesifunda; 高山茶 (*gāoshān chá*) — «itiye elisemaphandleni aphakeme», igama elijwayelekile; lapha lincishiswe ngokomthetho kumadolobhana angaphezu kwamamitha angama-500.
* **Inani lamasiko:** Phakathi kweziqu zokuhlonishwa zesifunda ifujian green food centre ibiza «ikhaya letiye elidumile laseChina» (中国名茶之乡); awulisho unyaka wokunikezwa.

**3. Ukuchazwa kwezitshalo kanye nezinto zokwenziwa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zivumela inani lendawo lembewu (原生有性[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) kanye nezinhlobo ezifanele lolu tiye, futhi zibiza ngokwesibonelo inani lasentabeni le-«caicha» (高山群体菜茶, *gāoshān qúntǐ [càichá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/caicha)*) kanye nezinhlobo zochungechunge lwe-«Fuyun» (福云品系, *Fúyún pǐnxì*).
* **Izimo zesiza:** Ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha angama-500, umthambeka ongaphansi kuka-25°, ukukude kwemigwaqo emikhulu okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 — nakho ngokwezidingo.
* **Indinganiso yokukha:** Ukukha ngamaqoqo nangezikhathi eziningana, ngokwendinganiso kukhiwa amahlumela athambile aphezulu (嫩芽梢). Indlela — ukukha ngesandla (提手采) noma ukusika ngomshini.
* **Izikhathi zokukha:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Inyakatho-mpumalanga yeFujian, inhliziyo yezintaba yaseMindong (闽东).
* **Ubude:** Ngokwedatha ye-fujian green food centre, esifundeni kukhona ngaphezu kuka-600 000 mu wemihlaba yezintaba ebangeni lamamitha angama-500–1200, futhi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu — ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-800.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 13–19 °C, ukukhanya kwelanga okungaphezu kwamahora ayi-1760 ngonyaka, imvula engaphezu kuka-1911 mm — idatha yaleso sikhungo.
* **Inhlabathi:** Phakathi kwenhlabathi yezintaba yesifunda iningi liphuzi futhi libomvu, izinto eziphilayo kuzo zingama-2–3 %; i-acidity yezingadi eziningi — pH 5,0–5,5. Esifundeni kutholakale 582 000 mu wenhlabathi ecebile nge-selenium, kanye ne-400 000 mu wenhlabathi ecebile nge-zinc.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zibeka uchungechunge lwemisebenzi kuzo zombili izigaba, kodwa ngaphandle kwemingcele.

* **Itiye elibomvu:**
    1. Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*) — elangeni noma ngokufudumeza.
    2. Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).
    3. Ukuvutshelwa, okungukuthi i-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*).
    4. Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).
    5. Ukuhlukanisa (拣剔, *jiǎntī*).
    6. Ukushisisa (烘焙, *hōngbèi*).
* **Itiye eliluhlaza:**
    1. Ukubekela iqabunga elisha (摊放, *tānfàng*).
    2. Ukumisa i-enzyme (杀青, *shāqīng*).
    3. Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).
    4. Ukuhlukanisa (拣剔, *jiǎntī*).

Ukusonteka kuchungechungeni lwetiye eliluhlaza akubaluliwe, nakuba ukubukeka kulezo zidingo — imicu eminyene ephothiwe; umbhalo awukuchazi lokhu.

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Ukubukeka kwazo zombili izigaba kubekwe yizidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025; incazelo efanayo inikezwa isikhungo se-fujian green food.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Elibomvu — imicu eminyene ephothiwe, emnyama ngokunsomi ekhazimulayo (条索紧结、色乌润). Eliluhlaza — imicu eminyene ephothiwe, eluhlaza ekhazimulayo, noboya obubonakalayo ezingqongweni (条索紧结，色泽绿润，锋毫显).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo ezihlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokumpompoloza:** Elibomvu — elisha futhi eligcwele, nezinothi zezimbali nezithelo (香气鲜浓，带有花果香). Eliluhlaza — iphunga leqabunga elithambile noma le-castnut (带嫩香或栗香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Elibomvu — eligcwele futhi elithambile (滋味浓醇), «nokuvumelana kwezintaba» (高山韵). Eliluhlaza — eligcwele futhi elisha (滋味浓爽), «nokunambitheka kwezintaba» — iphunga elimsulwa, ukuthamba okumsulwa kanye nobusha obumsulwa (清香、清醇、清爽的高山风味).
* **Umbala wokumpompoloza:** Elibomvu — elibomvu futhi elikhanyayo (汤色红亮). Eliluhlaza — ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, obala futhi okhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮).
* **Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Elibomvu — elinamanzi futhi lithambile, elibomvu futhi elikhanyayo (叶底肥嫩、红亮). Kweliluhlaza akukho ncazelo.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zibeka izinkomba ze-physicochemical zesigaba ngasinye:

| Inkomba | Itiye eliluhlaza | Itiye elibomvu |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 34 % | okungenani 30 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | 18–36 % | awalinganiswa |
| Ama-theaflavin | — | 0,5–1,5 % |
| Ama-thearubigin | — | 5,5–27 % |
| Ama-amino acid, isamba | 2–4 % | 2–4 % |
| I-caffeine | 2–4 % | 2–4 % |
| Umswakama | okungaphezu kuka-7 % | okungaphezu kuka-7 % |
| Umlotha | okungaphezu kuka-6,5 % | okungaphezu kuka-6,5 % |

Lezi yizindinganiso zemigudu, hhayi ukukalwa kwenqwaba ethile. Isikhungo se-fujian green food sibhala ukuthi izinto eziwusizo etiyeni lasezintabeni zalapha zicishe ziphindwe kathathu kunetiye lezingadi eziphansi, kodwa asiziniki izinombolo nendlela; angikwamukeli lokhu njengeqiniso.

**8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngokusebenza kwalolu tiye. I-selenium ne-zinc enhlabathini — uphawu lwe-terroir, hhayi isakhiwo esifakazelwe setiye: okuqukethwe kwazo eqabungeni akukaze kulinganiswe yinoma yimuphi umthombo engiwutholile.

**9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba — imingcele incike ekutheni imuphi itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama osesandleni.

* **Itiye elibomvu:** 90–95 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ukumpompoloza kokuqala cishe umzuzu, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain, ukuphindaphinda okuningana nokwelula.
* **Itiye eliluhlaza:** 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ukumpompoloza kokuqala 40–60 imizuzwana, ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza — emaphaketheni avaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, emaphaketheni aminyene, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye nezinto zomgunyathi:**

Ayikho idatha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema kanjani umgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwesitifiketi № 22780112; umkhiqizi — ovela esifundeni saseShouning.
    * Khumbula ukuthi igama elithi «elisemaphandleni aphakeme» ephaketheni ngaphandle kwegama lesifunda aliqinisekisi lutho: 高山茶 yigama elijwayelekile.
    * Qhathanisa ukubukeka nezidingo: elibomvu — imicu emnyama ngokunsomi kanye nokumpompoloza okubomvu okukhanyayo, eliluhlaza — imicu eluhlaza enoboya kanye nokumpompoloza okuphuzi ngokuluhlaza.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Iphutha lezixhumanisi zokuma (119°73′ kanye no-27°65′) selivele lisememezelweni lomnyango wezolimo lika-2014 futhi lidlulele embhalweni ka-2025.
* Eduze kwaleli gama kukhona uphawu oluhlukile «寿宁高山乌龙茶» — «ulong wasemaphandleni aphakeme waseShouning», nakuba izidingo zika-2025 zingawubizi ulong.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **UDatian Gaoshan Cha ([大田高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/datian-gaoshan-cha)):** Naye itiye elivikelwe «elisemaphandleni aphakeme» laseFujian, kodwa indawo — sonke isifunda saseDatian ngaphandle komkhawulo wokuphakama, futhi izigaba — ulong kanye netiye elibomvu.
* **UGao Shan Cha (高山茶):** Umqondo ojwayelekile, ku-corpus — i-athikili yokubuka konke; eShouning leli gama elifanayo lincishiswe endaweni enomkhawulo.
* **UTanyang Gong Fu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu ledolobhana iTanyang lasemadolobheni aseFuan, kuhulumeni ofanayo waseNingde.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Shouning Gaoshan Cha yigama lapho elithi «elisemaphandleni aphakeme» selibe umngcele wezomthetho: kuvikelwa itiye lamadolobhana ayi-190 angaphezu kwamamitha angama-500. Ngaphansi kwalo kukhona itiye elibomvu elinephunga lezimbali nezithelo kanye neliluhlaza elinephunga le-castnut. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibiza izinhlobo — inani lendawo kanye nochungechunge lwe-«Fuyun», — zibeka uchungechunge lwemisebenzi kanye nemigudu ye-physicochemical yazo zombili izigaba, kodwa azisho lutho ngemingcele yokucubungula nezikhathi zokukha.