---
title: "Shítíng lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shiting-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shítíng lǜchá (石亭绿茶)

**IShiting Lücha** (*Shítíng lǜchá*, 石亭绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zaseJiu Rishan kanye nesiqongo seLianhuafeng edolobhaneni laseFengzhou, esifundeni sedolobha laseNan'an (南安市) esifundeni saseQuanzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe saseFujian. INingizimu yeFujian yaziwa ngokuyinhloko nge-oolong, kanti iShiting itiye eliluhlaza eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa; umbhalo omfushane womlando waseQuanzhou ulibiza njengetiye elilodwa lamatiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile aseFujian. Igama lalo linikezwe indlu yamatshe (i-pavilion) esiqongweni seLianhuafeng eduze kwethempeli laseShitingi, kanti emadwaleni esiqongo esifanayo kunombhalo othi «莲花荼襟» onosuku luka-376 AD, obizwa ngokuthi umbhalo wasendulo kunayo yonke eFujian ophathelene netiye. Izimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zaleli tiye yindlela ethi «amakha amathathu nokuhlaza okuthathu».

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*), eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa (炒青, *chǎoqīng*).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando leningizimu yeFujian; uphawu lwendawo (2012).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), isifunda saseQuanzhou (泉州, *Quánzhōu*), idolobha laseNan'an (南安市, *Nán'ānshì*), idolobhana laseFengzhou (丰州镇): izintaba zaseJiu Rishan (九日山) nesiqongo seLianhuang (莲花峰).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Idolobhana laseFengzhou cishe liku-24.95° enyakatho kanye no-118.5° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umbhalo othi «莲花荼襟».** U-荼 uyindlela yasendulo yokubhala igama elithi «itiye»; ngokuchazwa, umbhalo uthi amasimu etiye azungeze isiqongo seLianhua asakazeka «njengemiphetho nebhande lengubo». Unosuku oluthi «太元丙子» — unyaka ka-376, inkathi kaTaiyuan yobukhosi bakwaJin. Iphephandaba iFujian Ribao libiza lona njengombhalo wasendulo kunayo yonke eFujian ophathelene netiye, owandulela iThe Classic of Tea kaLu Yu ngeminyaka engaphezu kuka-400. Umbhali akaziwa. Ngokombhalo omfushane weFujian Yanhuang Culture Research Society, umbhalo wangempela wabhubha ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa kwamatshe ekwakhiweni kwesikole, kanti umbhalo wamanje uyikopi ebuyiselwe ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yomlando.
    * **Inganekwane ngezindela.** Umbhalo omfushane womlando ulandisa inganekwane ethi ngesikhathi sikaSong, izindela zathola izihlahla zetiye emifantwini yamadwala esiqongweni futhi zaqala ukuzilima.
    * **ISouthern Song.** Ngokwalowo mbhalo omfushane weYanhuang Society, ngesikhathi sikaChunxi (1174–1189) isikhulu uFu Zongjiao sashiya esiqongweni imibhalo emayelana netiye, phakathi kwayo kukhona ethi «岩缝茶香» — «iphunga letiye emfantwini wedwala» — kanye nethi «斗茶而归» — «ngibuyile emqhudelwaneni wetiye».
    * **Usuku lokuzalwa — kuyaphikiswana.** Imithombo ikhuluma ngesikhathi sokuvela kwetiye ngezindlela ezahlukene — kusukela enkathini yeJin kuya ekupheleni kweSong. Lapha angilusizi lolu suku.
    * **I-Qing.** Ngokwenganekwane elandiswa ababhali bomlando, ngesikhathi sika-Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850) indela yaletha itiye enhlokodolobha, futhi itiye lathola igama lokuncoma elithi «上品莲花» — kwenye inganekwane «尚品莲花». Umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala ukuthi ngemva kwalokho itiye lathunyelwa nge-Xiamen eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseTaiwan, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwanda kusuka emashumini amabili kuya kwamathathu e-jin kuya ngaphezu kuka-60,000; phakathi nempi imizila yasolwandle yavaleka futhi amasimu alimala.
    * **1952.** Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao, uMnyango Wezolimo wagunyaza iShiting njengetiye elidumile lomlando.
    * **2012.** Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwendawo «石亭绿茶» (No. 8757651) — uphawu lokuqala lolo hlobo lwaseNan'an. Abezindaba balubiza ngo «石亭绿», uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza ngo «石亭绿茶».
    * **2024.** Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao, itiye lafakwa kukhathalogi kazwelonke yemikhiqizo yezolimo ehamba phambili neyakhethekile «名特优新».
* **Igama:**
    * «Shiting» (石亭) — «indlu yamatshe» esiqongweni seLianhuang, eduze kwethempeli laseShitingi.
    * «Lücha» (绿茶, *lǜchá*) — «itiye eliluhlaza»; ngokolimi lwansuku zonke — «石亭绿».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IShiting iyisibonelo setiye eliluhlaza endaweni eyaziwa nge-oolong. EQuanzhou, ichweba lasendulo leMaritime Silk Road, lokhu kungenye yezindaba zetiye ezindala kakhulu, ezibhalwe ngqo etsheni.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Umbhalo onezinhlobo zezitshalo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala ukuthi ekupheleni kwe-Qing indela eyayiphethe amasimu yahlukanisa izihlahla ngezinhlobo ezine: «白石莲» — eneqabunga elithambile kancane, «石观音» — eneqabunga elide elincane elicijile elinamazinyo, «红梅品» — eneqabunga eliphezulu elibomvu kancane kanye nohlobo lwe «瓜子叶» — oluneqabunga elimise okwembewu yethanga.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngokwemibhalo emifushane, ukuvuna kungenzeka cishe unyaka wonke, itiye elingcono kakhulu likhiqizwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Itiye lasentwasahlobo «首春茶» livunwa kusukela eQingming kuya eGuyu; ngemva kwalo kulandela itiye lasehlobo, itiye «elishisayo» (暑茶) kanye nencane yasebusika «冬片».
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ngokwe-Chinese Tea Dictionary (中国茶叶大辞典) njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶).
* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Iqabunga elivela ezintabeni zaseJiu Rishan nesiqongweni seLianhuang edolobhaneni laseFengzhou.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulima:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba eziseduze nesikhungo esidala sesifunda iFengzhou: iJiu Rishan — intaba eyaziwa ngemibhalo yamadwala, kanye nesiqongo esiseduze iLianhuang.
* **Ukuphakama, inhlabathi:** Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo omfushane womlando uchaza indawo njengefudumele, enomswakama futhi enenkungu, nenhlabathi ecebile ngamaminerali amadwala agugile.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu esishisayo esingasogwini oluseningizimu yeQuanzhou; imininingwane eqondile yamasimu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Amasimu:** Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao (2025), esiqongweni seLianhuang kukhona cishe ama-300 mu amasimu, kanti ukukhiqizwa kungamashumi ezinkulungwane ze-jin ngonyaka. Amasimu alele phakathi kwamadwala anemibhalo yasendulo, eduze kwethempeli.
* **Itiye lakuqala:** Umbhalo omfushane ugomela ukuthi itiye lasentwasahlobo lapha livuthwa ngaphambi kwawo wonke eFujian; lokhu akukwazanga ukuqinisekiswa kweminye imithombo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

IShiting itiye eliluhlaza eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa (炒青). Ngokwe-Chinese Tea Dictionary njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando, lenziwa kanjena:

1.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
2.  **Ukusonta (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
3.  **Ukuqeda ukomisa ebhodweni (炒干, *chǎogān*).**

Iphephandaba iFujian Ribao libiza izigaba ngokubanzi — kusukela ekuvuneni nasekuqiniseni kuya ekusonteni nasekushiseni (烘焙). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi azitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ifomula ethi «三香三绿» — «amakha amathathu, okuhlaza okuthathu». Okungezansi kususelwa ku-Chinese Tea Dictionary njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando, kanye nezibambela lapho imithombo ihlukana khona:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ukusonteka okuminyene, kusinda (紧结重实); umbala u-silvery-grey nokuhlaza (银灰带绿) — «ukuhlaza» kokuqala.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Kunephunga eligcwele (香浓郁). Kuya ngenkathi yonyaka yokuvuna kufana ne-orchid (兰花), ubhontshisi oluhlaza (绿豆) noma uhlamvu lwe-apricot (杏仁) — lawa «amakha amathathu».
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kuthambile futhi kusha (醇爽).
* **Umbala wotshala:** Kucacile, kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (清澈碧绿) — «ukuhlaza» kwesibili.
* **Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Licacile, liluhlaza okotshani okuthambile (明翠嫩绿) — «ukuhlaza» kwesithathu. I-Fujian Ribao ibhala ukuthi «明翠润绿», umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala «淡绿», okuluhlaza okuphaphathekile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe mayelana nomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 85–90 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan emhlophe — ukuze ubone utshala oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, — noma ingilazi yeglasi.
* **Inqubo:**
    1.  Fudumeza izitsha.
    2.  Faka itiye.
    3.  Thela amanzi amancane, vumela ukusonteka okuminyene kuvuleke imizuzwana engama-30.
    4.  Thela amanzi engeziwe; utshala bokuqala — imizuzu e1–2.
    5.  Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshala.
    6.  Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Itiye lenkathi yonyaka, akudingeki ukuguga.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhonyovu:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhonyovu:**
    * Bheka uphawu «石亭绿茶».
    * Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela edolobhaneni laseFengzhou.
    * Qhathanisa ukubukeka nencazelo: iqabunga liminyene, lisinda, li-silvery-grey nokuhlaza; utshala buluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Umbhalo othi «莲花荼襟» unosuku luka-376, kodwa owamanje uyikopi: owangempela wabhubha ngesikhathi kwakhiwa isikole.
* Imibhalo yaseSong esiqongweni esifanayo ikhuluma ngephunga letiye emfantwini wedwala kanye nemiqhudelwano yetiye.
* «Amakha amathathu» awazwakali kanyekanye: ngokwesichazamazwi, iphunga lincike enkathini yonyaka yokuvuna.
* IShiting itiye eliluhlaza endaweni ye-oolong: iAnxi engumakhelwane idume ngeTieguanyin.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **I-Tieguanyin ([铁观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tie-guanyin)):** Itiye eliyinhloko lase-Anxi engumakhelwane — i-oolong; IShiting ikhombisa ukuthi indawo efanayo iyalazi netiye eliluhlaza.
* **I-Wuping Lücha ([武平绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuping-lucha)):** Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseFujian eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa, elivela entshonalanga yesifundazwe.
* **I-Tianshan Lücha ([天山绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianshan-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeFujian, elivela ezintabeni zesifunda saseNingde; lomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, hhayi ebhodweni.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IShiting Lücha itiye eliluhlaza elinomlando obhalwe etsheni: umbhalo onosuku luka-376 esiqongweni seLianhuang (manje osekuyikopi ebuyiselwe), imibhalo yaseSong ngemiqhudelwano yetiye, indlu yamatshe eyanikeza igama. Enkomishini lizwakala ngefomula ethi «amakha amathathu, okuhlaza okuthathu»: iqabunga eli-silvery-grey nokuhlaza, utshala obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iqabunga eliphisiwe eliluhlaza elicacile, kanye nephunga elincike enkathini yonyaka elinokufana ne-orchid, ubhontshisi oluhlaza noma uhlamvu lwe-apricot. Leli izwi elingandile eliluhlaza leningizimu yeFujian.