---
title: "Shímén hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shimen-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shímén hóngchá (石门红茶)

**Ishimeng Hongcha** (*Shímén hóngchá*, 石门红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Shimen (石门县) ngaphansi kwesifunda sase-Changde enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hunan, ekujuleni kwezintaba zase-Wuling. Isifunda yisikhungo esidala se-Hunan sengxenye yesifunda sase-Yihong (宜红, *Yíhóng*): ekupheleni kobukhosi bakwa-Qing, umthengisi wase-Guangdong u-Lu Cilun wasungula lapha, edolobhaneni lase-Hupingshan, inkampani yetiye i-“Taihehe” (泰和合), futhi itiye layo elibomvu, ngokwesaga esithi “北祁南宜”, lalibekwa ndawonye netiye lase-Qimen. Namuhla i-“Shimen Hongcha” ingenye yezimpawu ezimbili ezinkulu zetiye zesifunda eduze kwetiye eliluhlaza i-Shimen Yin Feng. Leli gama livikelwe uphawu lwendawo futhi litholakala ohlwini lwezimpawu zendawo zikahulumeni wase-Hunan zango-2024. Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-Yihong yase-Hubei: izimpawu ezithi “[宜都宜红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yidu-yihong-cha)” kanye “[宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yihong-gong-fu)茶” zingokwesinye isifundazwe.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibizwa ngegama uqobo lwaso.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lase-Hunan; uphawu lwendawo lohlu lwesifundazwe lwango-2024. Ukubuyekezwa okudumile kubeka itiye elibomvu lase-Shimen emgqeni we-Xianghong (湘红, *xiānghóng*) wesifunda sase-Wuling (namuhla okuyisifunda sase-Changde) — ngokungafani ne-Huhong yase-Anhua.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), isifunda sase-Changde (常德, *Chángdé*), isifunda sase-Shimen (石门县, *Shímén Xiàn*).
* **Indawo:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubonisa i-Shimen njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu. Isizindalwazi sezinkomba zezimpawu zendawo sibona indawo yonke yesifunda njengendawo yophawu; angikaze ngikuqhathanise nombhalo wophawu.
* **Uhlobo lokuvikelwa:** Uphawu lwendawo — oluqinisekisayo noma oluhlanganyelwayo, uhlobo alukabizwa emithonjeni etholakele. Isizindalwazi sezinkomba sinikeza inombolo 34101143; umnikazi nonyaka wokubhaliswa angikatholi.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Iphephandaba i-“Hunan Ribao” libeka isifunda “ebhandeni legolide letiye” le-30th parallel.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ekupheleni kwe-Qing — i-“Taihehe”.** Ngokombhalo we-“Xin Hunan” (2026), umthengisi wase-Guangdong u-Lu Cilun (卢次伦) wasungula e-Hupingshan (壶瓶山) inkampani yetiye i-“Taihehe”, itiye layo i-Yihong lalihamba ndawonye netiye lase-Qimen — “北祁南宜”, “enyakatho i-Qimen, eningizimu i-Yihong,” — futhi, njengoba liphawula iphephandaba, ngomzila wezohwebo wetiye (茶马古道) lalifika eYurophu. Unyaka wokusungulwa kwenkampani awubizwanga embhalweni.
    * **Ingxenye yase-Hunan ye-Yihong.** Isifunda sase-Yihong sasinxenye zombili zomngcele we-Hunan ne-Hubei; itiye elibomvu lase-Shimen liyingxenye yalo yase-Hunan.
    * **2024.** I-“Shimen Hongcha” isohlwini lwezimpawu zendawo zikahulumeni wase-Hunan, eziqoqwe ndawonye neziqinisekisayo.
    * **2026.** I-“Hunan Ribao” ibiza i-“Shimen Yinfeng” no-“Shimen Hongcha” njengezimpawu ezimbili zomphakathi zesifunda; ukukhishwa okuhlanganisiwe komkhakha wetiye wesifunda iphephandaba lilinganisela ku-3,48 billion yuan.
* **Igama:**
    * I-“Shimen” (石门) yigama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi “amasango amatshe”.
    * I-“Hongcha” (红茶, *hóngchá*) — “itiye elibomvu”.
    * I-“Bei Qi Nan Yi” — isaga esibeka itiye elibomvu lase-Yichang eduze kwelase-Qimen.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isifunda sineziqu “ikhaya letiye elidumile lase-China” kanye “nekhaya letiye eliphilayo lase-China” — kanjalo kubhala i-“Hunan Ribao”. Kuso futhi kunentaba i-Jiashan; ngokwalelo phephandaba, lo ngumsuka wesiko letiye nelama-Chan ngefomula ethi “茶禅一味” — “itiye ne-Chan ziyinambitheka eyodwa”. Lokhu kungumongo wendawo, hhayi incazelo yetiye.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Kwiteyi elibomvu elingaphansi kophawu, izinhlobo azibizwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Iphephandaba libhala ukuthi edolobhaneni lase-Ziliang (子良) amasimu angu-6387 mu anezinhlobo ezingama-clone — i-Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白), i-Bi Xiang Zao (碧香早), i-Zhuye Qi (槠叶齐) nezinye; lezi yizinhlobo zedolobhana kuwowonke amatiye, hhayi izinhlobo zetiye elibomvu ngokukhethekile.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** Isizindalwazi sezinkomba sichaza iqabunga elomile elinamathiphu acolekileyo aphelele (锋苗俊秀完整); izinga lokuqoqa alitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:**

Ngokombhalo we-“Hunan Ribao” (2026):

* **Isifunda:** Ukujula kwezintaba zase-Wuling (武陵山) enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hunan.
* **Isilinganiso:** Esifundeni kunamasimu etiye angaphezu kuka-180 000 mu kanye namathani angu-35,1 eteyi elomile ngonyaka — ngokwemininingwane yephephandaba, kuzo zonke izigaba ndawonye.
* **Ukuphakama:** Iphephandaba libiza izindawo zetiye ngazinye: indawo ephakeme kakhulu yehlathi i-Baiyunshan ingu-925 m, amasimu alo aphilayo asezingeni lika-800–880 m; i-Dongshanfeng iphakathi ngenhla ngo-1200 m, lapho kukhula khona itiye eliluhlaza i-Dongshan Xiu Feng. Ukuphakama kwamasimu etiye elibomvu ngokukhethekile akutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **I-Hupingshan:** Idolobhana lenkampani endala i-“Taihehe” namuhla linamasimu etiye angu-33 000 mu.
* **Izitifiketi:** Esigodini sase-Luoping amasimu etiye angu-13 000 mu, ngokwephephandaba, anesitifiketi esiphilayo se-EU, izitifiketi ze-Fair Trade kanye ne-“Rainforest Alliance”.
* **Isimo sezulu nenhlabathi:** Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo wezidingo zobuchwepheshe be-Shimen Hongcha angikaze ngiwubone. Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba setiye elibomvu le-gongfu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye:

1.  **Ukuvutshelwa kokuqala (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga liyasontwa libe imicu, kucekelwa phansi amangqamuzana.
3.  **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** I-oxidation, okwenza iqabunga libe bomvu.
4.  **Ukomiswa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Kuqinisekisa umphumela.

Isimo ngokwesizindalwazi sezinkomba — imicu emincane eqondile enamathiphu aphelele — sibonisa itiye elisontiwe, hhayi elichotshoziwe; imingcele ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Zezwa:**

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe isizindalwazi sezinkomba zezimpawu zendawo: 条索紧实细直，锋苗俊秀完整，色泽乌黑莹润，汤色红亮清澈、滋味香高味醇、内质花果芬香、叶底红明饱满、饮后齿颊留香，有回甘.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Imicu eminyene emincane eqondile enamathiphu acolekileyo aphelele (条索紧实细直，锋苗俊秀完整), amnyama futhi acwebezelayo (乌黑莹润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Izincazelo azitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomphefumulo:** Iphunga lezimbali nezithelo (花果芬香), liphezulu; ukunambitheka okusemva kuhlala emlonyeni (齿颊留香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kunephunga elimnandi futhi kuthambile (香高味醇), nokubuya okumnandi (回甘).
* **Umbala womphefumulo:** Ubomvu, ukhanya futhi ucacile (红亮清澈).
* **Amacembe etiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe):** Abomvu, akhanyayo, agcwele (红明饱满).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Ezisetshenziswayo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngokukhethekile ayitholakali.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain noma i-teapot — kuyo kuyabonakala umbala womphefumulo.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Beka itiye.
    3. Mboze iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo okwesikhashana bese uwakhipha.
    4. Ukucwiliswa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30 e-gaiwan.
    5. Thela ngokuphelele.
    6. Ukuphinda kugcwaliswe izikhathi ezine kuya kwezinhlanu ngokwengeza imizuzwana engu-10–15.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Isiqandisi asidingeki.

**11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:**

Imininingwane yamanani ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo “石门红茶” ephaketheni.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Shimen.
    * Ungadidanisi nezimpawu zase-Hubei “宜都宜红茶” kanye no-“宜红[工夫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gongfu-cha)”: lawa ngamanye amagama esinye isifundazwe.
    * Iqabunga — imicu emincane eqondile emnyama enamathiphu aphelele, umphefumulo — ubomvu futhi ucacile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-Shimen nayo ingxenye yendawo yegama lesifunda i-Changde Hongcha — elezifunda ezihlangene, nohlu lwamagama ezigodi zezifunda ezintathu, — kanti uphawu lwesifunda, ngokwesizindalwazi sezinkomba, luhlanganisa isifunda sonke.
* Itiye elibomvu elidala lase-Shimen lalithengiswa ngegama elithi Yihong — ngegama lesifunda sase-Hubei, kanti namuhla izimpawu zase-Hubei ze-Yihong zingezinhlangano yase-Yidu.
* Esifundeni kunezimpawu ezimbili zetiye ezinkulu — elibomvu neliluhlaza, futhi iphephandaba libala ukukhiqizwa kwazo ndawonye.
* Inkampani i-“Taihehe” yayise-Hupingshan — idolobhana elisezintabeni, lapho namuhla kunamasimu etiye angu-33 000 mu.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **Ihong Gong Fu (宜红工夫):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lase-Hubei lesifunda esifanayo somlando; elese-Shimen liyingxenye yalo yase-Hunan.
* **Ichangde Hongcha ([常德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/changde-hongcha)):** Igama lesifunda elingaphezulu kwezingxenye zezifunda i-Shimen, i-Linli ne-Lixian — elinye izinga lokuvikelwa phezu komhlaba ofanayo.
* **Iqi Men Hong Cha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lase-Anhui, elalibekwa ndawonye ne-Shimen Yihong — “Bei Qi Nan Yi”.
* **Ianh Hua Hongcha ([安化红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anhua-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Anhua — umugqa we-Huhong, ngokungafani ne-Xianghong yesifunda sase-Wuling.
* **Ishimen Yinfeng ([石门银峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shimen-yin-feng)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo, olwesibili lwezimpawu zesifunda.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Shimen Hongcha wuphawu lwesifunda lwetiye elibomvu, olukhule luvela engxenyeni yase-Hunan ye-Yihong endala: inkampani i-“Taihehe” e-Hupingshan, isaga esithi “Bei Qi Nan Yi” nendlela eya eYurophu. Imibhalo ngophawu uqobo itholakale imbalwa — inombolo evela esizindalwazini sezinkomba kanye nomugqa wohlu lwesifundazwe. Isimo, ngokwesizindalwazi sezinkomba, — imicu emincane eqondile emnyama, umphefumulo obomvu ocacile, iphunga lezimbali nezithelo nokubuya okumnandi.