---
title: "Shāxiàn hóngbiān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shaxian-hongbian-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shāxiàn hóngbiān chá (沙县红边茶)

**Shaxian Hongbian Cha** (*Shāxiàn hóngbiān chá*, 沙县红边茶) — i-oolong yesifunda saseShaxian (沙县区) kumasipala wedolobha iSanming ekujuleni kwesifundazwe iFujian. IShaxian yaziwa kulo lonke elaseChina ngamalokishi okudla “aseShaxian cuisine”, kodwa futhi iyindawo endala yetiye. Igama letiye — “umphetho obomvu” — lichaza iqabunga elithe xubana: “izingxenye ezintathu ezibomvu, eziyisikhombisa eziluhlaza”, iqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu. Ngekhulu le-19 itiye lalithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 ayekwa ukulenza, kwathi ngeminyaka yawo-2000 labuyiselwa. Namuhla livikelwa wuphawu lwendawo (geographical indication), kanti ubuchwepheshe bokulenza bufakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-oolong (青茶, *qīngchá*), ebilisiwe kancane. Lokho kubizwa kanjalo wumnyango wezolimo waseSanming. Ngokombhalo wephephandaba, izinga lokuvutshelwa kwehongbian liphakathi kwe-oolong yasenyakatho yeFujian (elinamandla kakhulu) neyaseningizimu yeFujian (elincane kakhulu).
* **Isigaba:** I-oolong yomlando yaseFujian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2015); ubuchwepheshe — ifa lesifundazwe elingaphatheki laseFujian (2022).
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe iFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wedolobha iSanming (三明, *Sānmíng*), isifunda iShaxian (沙县区, *Shāxiàn qū*). Isifunda esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza — idolobhana iXiamao (夏茂镇, *Xiàmào zhèn*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Imingcele eqondile ayikho emibhalweni etholakele; uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba iShaxian njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** IShaxian — cishe u-26.4° enyakatho nobubanzi no-117.8° empumalanga nobude.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ubukhosi baseTang noSong.** Umnyango wezolimo waseSanming ulandisa umlando wetiye laseShaxian kusukela enkathini yaseTang; ngemuva kweSong, ngokusho kwawo, itiye lalithunyelwa enkantolo.
    * **1862 — ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.** Ngokusho komnyango, ngonyaka wokuqala wenkathi kaTongzhi ihongbian yaseShaxian yayisithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
    * **Ukuqhakaza.** Umbhalo wephephandaba ka-2023 ngamazwi omphathi wendawo uveza izibalo zokuthunyelwa: ngo-1874 — amabhokisi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-18 anamakhilogremu angu-40 wejin ngalinye, ngo-1889 — amabhokisi ayinkombandlela yezinkulungwane ezingu-60. Itiye elisuka endaweni yokuqala iBaishuiji (白水漈), ngokwale ndaba efanayo, lalibiza kakhulu kune-oolong evamile.
    * **Ukuwohloka.** Ngokombhalo, kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1930 ukukhiqizwa kwancipha, kwathi maphakathi nawo-1950 kwaphela. Phakathi neminyaka yamakhomanisi imboni yetiye yendawo yayikhiqiza iShuixian yasenyakatho yeFujian kanye nenye i-oolong, kodwa hhayi ihongbian.
    * **Ukuvuselelwa.** Izinsuku imithombo izisho ngokuhlukile. Ngokusho komnyango wezolimo, ngo-2006 inkampani yetiye yendawo yaqala ukubuyisela itiye lomlando, ngo-2010 laphuma emakethe futhi lathola igolide ekukhethweni kweShanghai EXPO. Umbhalo wephephandaba ubiza unyaka wokubuya ngo-2008 — ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi ayisithupha yenqamuko.
    * **2015.** Igama elithi “沙县红边茶” labhaliswa njengophawu lwendawo (inombolo 13908849). Itiye lafakwa kukhathalogi kazwelonke ka “名特优新” wemikhiqizo yezolimo.
    * **2022.** Uhulumeni wesifundazwe wafaka ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ihongbian kuhlelo lwesikhombisa lohlu lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki laseFujian; isifunda sakusho lokhu ngoFebhuwari 2022.
* **Igama:**
    * “Shaxian” (沙县) — “isifunda esinesihlabathi”, manje isifunda saseSanming.
    * “Hongbian” (红边, *hóngbiān*) — “umphetho obomvu”: uqabunga oluthe xubana lunomphetho obomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IXiamao — kanyekanye indawo yokuzalwa yezidlo zaseShaxian kanye nesifunda esiyinhloko sehongbian. Umbhalo wephephandaba ubiza iShaxian “njengengcezu ebalulekile yomfanekiso” we-oolong yasenyakatho yeFujian futhi uchaza isiko lendawo: emadilini omshado nawokugubha iminyaka, amashomai amnandi ahanjiswa ndawonye nehongbian.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** Idokhumende alikunqumanga. Ngokombhalo wephephandaba, ngenkathi kubuyiselwa itiye kwahlolwa izinhlobo ze-oolong zasenyakatho yeFujian — iShuixian ([水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)) neRougui ([肉桂](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rou-gui)); ihongbian eyenziwe ngeShuixian ngo-2020 yaba umnqobi womncintiswano wekwindla waseSanming esigabeni se-oolong yasenyakatho yeFujian.
* **Ukuvuna:** Izinsuku azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Alizange linikezwe emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Iqabunga elivela esifundeni saseShaxian.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isikhungo sesifundazwe iFujian, phakathi kwezingxenye zaso ezisenyakatho nezaseningizimu; ngokomlando iShaxian yayingeyasenyakatho. Idolobhana eliyinhloko letiye — iXiamao. Ngokusho komnyango, inkampani yendawo inamasimu etiye ezindaweni zaseXiamao angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu ze-mu.
* **Ukuphakama, umhlabathi, isimo sezulu:** Imininingwane eqondile ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvikelwa wuhlu lwesifundazwe lwamagugu, kodwa imininingwane yezinyathelo ngazinye ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo wephephandaba udlulisa ukwakhiwa kabusha komphathi wendawo: ekwakhiweni kwehongbian kwaba nomthelela ubuchwepheshe baseningizimu yeFujian, kodwa ngenxa yobusuku obunomswakama kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezingavalekile kahle, babushintsha — ukunyakazisa kusisefo seqhaza kwathathelwa indawo wukuphathwa kweqabunga ngesandla kaninginingi, kanti ukusongwa ngendwangu, okuvamile eningizimu, kwenziwa lula: iqabunga lenziwa ngemicu, njengasenyakatho.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba lumile kanje: ukubuna → ukunyakazisa (做青, *zuòqīng*), kuze kube yilapho imiphetho yamaqabunga ilimala futhi i-oxidize → ukumisa → ukusonga → ukomisa. Lolu wuhlelo lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baseShaxian.

**6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha:**

Ngokwencazelo yomnyango wezolimo waseSanming:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imisongo eqinile futhi eqinile, umbala umnyama, onamafutha (条索壮实，色泽乌润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Alichazwanga ngokwehlukile; imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Licebile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, linethoni yezimbali ezwakalayo (香气浓郁持久，花香显著); umnyango wengeza ukuthi etiyeni kunokuthile okuvela ezimbalini, ezithelweni nasezinyosini (似花似果似蜜).
* **Ukunambitha:** Kuthambile, kuminyene futhi kusha, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味醇厚清爽回甘).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Osobala, o-orange ngokubomvu (汤色清澈橙红).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithe xubana):** Linyama futhi lithambile, linomphetho obomvu ogqamile (叶底肥软，红边鲜艳) — “iqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu” (绿叶红镶边).

Umbhalo wephephandaba uchaza itiye elisha elingakapheki kalula: utshwala bu-orange ngokuphuzi futhi busobala, iphunga liyizimbali nezithelo, ukunambitha kumnandi futhi kushelela.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuthethisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba we-oolong. Izincomo ezihlukile azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 6–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Igaiwan — ngemuva kokuthethisa kuyo kulula ukuhlola umphetho obomvu weqabunga.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Tshela isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Lisuse ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo bese ulichithe.
    4. Ukuthethiswa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    5. Thela konke ngokuphelele.
    6. Ukuphindaphinda ukuthetha ngokwengeza isikhathi; i-oolong imelana nokuthethiswa okuningi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba we-oolong. Emphakathini omnyama, endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhohlisi:**

Imininingwane ngentengo yokudayisa ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokusho komnyango, ukuthengiswa konyaka kwehongbian kwenkampani eyodwa yendawo — kungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ze-yuan.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhohlisi:**
    * Funani uphawu oluthi “沙县红边茶”.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseShaxian.
    * Ngemuva kokuthethisa hlola iqabunga: isikhungo esiluhlaza nomphetho obomvu ogqamile — kuwuphawu oluphambili.
    * Utshwala — obusobala, obu-orange ngokubomvu.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Igama letiye — incazelo yeqabunga elithe xubana: “iqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu”.
* Ngo-1889, ngokwenganekwane yomphathi wendawo, ukuthunyelwa kwehongbian kwafinyelela kumabhokisi angamashumi ayisithupha ezinkulungwane.
* Idolobhana iXiamao — indawo yokuzalwa kokubili kokudla kwaseShaxian nehongbian.
* Emadilini omshado endawo, ihongbian ihanjiswa ndawonye namashomai amnandi.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-oolong:**

* **Shaxian Gongfu Cha ([沙县工夫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shaxian-gongfu-cha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo, ngaphansi kophawu lwaso; ihongbian — i-oolong.
* **Fujian Oolong Cha ([福建乌龙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fujian-wulongcha)):** Igama eliyisambulela le-oolong yaseFujian; iShaxian ingena endaweni yayo yamayunithi angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu.
* **Shuixian (水仙):** I-oolong yasenyakatho yeFujian kanye nohlobo; yenza futhi ihongbian, kodwa isimo sehongbian ngesaso, kanti ukuvutshelwa, ngokombhalo, kulula kunase nyakatho.
* **Tieguanyin ([铁观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tie-guanyin)):** I-oolong eyinhloko yaseningizimu yeFujian; umphetho obomvu weqabunga elithe xubana nawo ukhona kuyo, kodwa iqabunga elomile — imisongo eyindilinga futhi esindayo, hhayi imicu.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IShaxian Hongbian Cha — i-oolong egama layo lichaza iqabunga uqobo: isikhungo esiluhlaza nomphetho obomvu, izingxenye ezintathu ezibomvu neziyisikhombisa eziluhlaza. Itiye lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lekhulu le-19, elakhohlwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 futhi labuyiselwa ngeminyaka yawo-2000, manje livikelwa wuphawu kanye nohlu lwesifundazwe lwamagugu. Enkomishini — utshwala obu-orange ngokubomvu, iphunga lezimbali elicebile nokunambitha okuthambile okuminyene nokubuya okumnandi.