---
title: "Shāxiàn gōngfu chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shaxian-gongfu-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shāxiàn gōngfu chá (沙县工夫茶)

**I-Shaxian Gongfu Cha** (*Shāxiàn gōngfu chá*, 沙县[工夫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gongfu-cha)) itiye elibomvu lasesifundeni sase-Shaxian (沙县区) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Sanming, esifundazweni sase-Fujian. Incwadi eyisisekelo yezinkundla zezimpawu zokuma kwezindawo ikuchaza njengetiye elibomvu lamaqabunga amancane (小[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)红茶) futhi ichaza ukusontwa okuqondile okucolekile kombala omnyama onamafutha, umnuko obomvu ogqamile onomphetho osagolide kanye nokunambitha "okujiyile, okumnandi, okuthambile", okunomthunzi woju. Kusukela ngo-2021 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo. Umnikazi walo uyafana nowe-ulong i-Shaxian Hongbian Cha, olunophawu olwavela ngaphambili, okuyinhlangano yetiye yase-Xiamao esifundeni sase-Shaxian.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpahla zophawu lubhalwe ngokuthi "红茶"; incwadi eyisisekelo yesikhulumi icacisa ukuthi itiye elibomvu lamaqabunga amancane.
* **Ugibe lwegama:** «工夫茶» egameni akusiyona indlela yokuphisa eyaziwa ngokuthi i-gongfu cha, kodwa igama leqembu letiye elibomvu elenziwe ngokucophelela. Izinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 13738.2-2017 libiza kanjalo leli qembu — «工夫红茶», ngesiNgisi kuthiwa yi-Congou black tea.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lase-Fujian elinophawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo (2021).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wase-Sanming (三明, *Sānmíng*), isifunda sase-Shaxian (沙县, *Shāxiàn*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwencwadi eyisisekelo yesikhulumi, yindawo yamanje yokuphatha yase-Shaxian. Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubonisa i-Shaxian njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu.
* **Uhlelo lokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo lwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) № 50240050, isigaba 30, impahla — itiye elibomvu. Usuku lokubhaliswa ngokohlu lwesifundazwe lungomhla ziyisi-7 kuZibandlela 2021; umnikazi yinhlangano yetiye yase-Xiamao esifundeni sase-Shaxian (沙县夏茂茶叶协会). Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **I-xiaozhong yangaphandle.** I-Wikipedia yesiShayina esihlokweni ngetiye elibomvu ibiza i-Shaxian kanye ne-Zhenghe, i-Tanyang ne-Gutian njengezifunda eziphambili ze-"xiaozhong yangaphandle" (外山小种, *wàishān xiǎozhǒng*) — itiye elibomvu lohlobo lwe-xiaozhong, elenziwe ngaphandle kwendawo yase-Tongmu e-Wuyishan. Lo mugqa awunalo usuku noma umthombo wokuqala.
    * **2015.** Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, uphawu lokuqala lwetiye lwesifunda kwaba yi-ulong i-Shaxian Hongbian Cha: uphawu № 13908849 lwabhaliswa ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja 2015.
    * **2021.** Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuZibandlela kwabhaliswa uphawu «沙县工夫茶» — ngaphansi kwenhlangano efanayo nasekhelini elifanayo, efektri yetiye yase-Xiamao.
    * Ukuthi i-Shaxian yaqala nini ukwenza itiye elibomvu le-gongfu, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Igama:**
    * «Shaxian» (沙县) — ngokwezwi nezwi kusho "isifunda esinesihlabathi"; manje yisifunda sase-Sanming (沙县区).
    * «Gongfu» (工夫, *gōngfu*) — "umsebenzi, ukwenziwa ngokucophelela": yile ndlela e-China ebizwa ngayo itiye elibomvu elenziwe ngokucophelela.
    * «Cha» (茶) — "itiye".
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umnikazi wophawu ubhaliswe edolobhaneni lase-Xiamao (夏茂镇). Ikhasi lesifunda ngaleli dolobhana libeka itiye nezitshalo zezithelo nemifino njengemikhakha ekhethekile esafufusa; etiyeni lendawo kuphela uphawu olubizayo yi-hongbian, futhi alisho lutho ngetiye elibomvu. Eminye imininingwane ngendawo yaleli tiye emasikweni endawo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar:** Incwadi eyisisekelo yesikhulumi ikhuluma kuphela ngezinhlobo zamaqabunga amancane (小叶种). Izinhlobo ezithile azizishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa:** Incwadi eyisisekelo ibiza ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuthi kunokucophelela (选料精细), ngaphandle kwemininingwane.
* **Izinga lokuqoqa:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isifundazwe sase-Fujian, umasipala wase-Sanming. Ububanzi bedolobhana lase-Xiamao, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, bungama-248 km².
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isimo sezulu nomhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Incwadi eyisisekelo yesikhulumi ibiza ukwenziwa ngokuthi kunokucophelela (做工考究), kodwa ayinikezi izinyathelo nemingcele; umqulu wobuchwepheshe waleli tiye angikaze ngiwubone.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu le-gongfu ngokwezinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 13738.2-2017 luwuhlelo lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe base-Shaxian:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Amangqamuzana eqabunga ayaphuka, ubisi luphumele phezulu.
3.  **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** I-oxidation enikeza umbala obomvu womnuko nangaphansi.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).**
5.  **Ukuhlunga nokuqedela (精制, *jīngzhì*):** Itiye lihlukaniswa ngokwezilinganiso nezinhlobo.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe yincwadi eyisisekelo yezinkundla zezimpawu zokuma kwezindawo. Angizange ngiyiqhathanise nomqulu wophawu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ukusontwa kuminyene futhi kucolekile, kuhle, kuqondile futhi kulingana (条索紧细苗秀，挺直匀齐); umbala umnyama, ucwebezela ngamafutha (乌润油亮).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Encazelweni yetiye elilungile, ngaphambi kokuphiswa, lihlanzekile, lisha, liphakeme futhi licolekile (香气清芳高雅).
* **Iphunga lomnuko:** Lijiyile futhi linamandla, linephunga lezimbali nezithelo, lisha futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (浓厚强烈，香味如花似果，清鲜持久).
* **Ukunambitha:** Kujiyile, kumnandi, kuthambile futhi kuqabulayo (浓、甜、醇而爽口); emphinjeni kunobumnandi obunomthunzi woju (喉韵甘怡带蜜), nokubuya okumnandi.
* **Umbala womnuko:** Phakathi ubomvu ogqamile futhi osobala, emaphethelweni usagolide ophuzi (中间红艳透亮，边缘金黄).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Licolekile futhi lithambile, linamaqabunga abonakalayo, libomvu ngokomthusi, lilingana futhi licwebezela, linokucwebezela okunjengosilika (细嫩，显芽铜红匀亮，富有绸面光泽).

Ngokwencwadi efanayo, itiye limelana nokuphiswa okungu-6–8 ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbala, iphunga nokunambitha.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical ngaleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zetiye elibomvu le-gongfu elivela ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi nezincane zibekwa yizinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 13738.2-2017; ukuthi kukhona oye wahlola itiye lase-Shaxian ukuthi liyahambisana nalo, angazi.

**8. Izinto Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–4 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain — kuyo kubonakala umphetho osagolide womnuko.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Umnuko wokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    4. Thela konke, ungashiyi amanzi eqabungeni.
    5. Wonke umnuko olandelayo — ubuncane bujule.
    6. Incwadi eyisisekelo yesikhulumi ithembisa ukuphisa okuyi-6–8.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, endaweni eyomile emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Itiye elibomvu likwazi ukugcinwa kangcono kuneliluhlaza, kodwa iphunga lezimbali nezithelo liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo ephaketheni; inombolo yophawu ingu-50240050.
    * Qiniseka ukuthi itiye lenziwe e-Shaxian.
    * Ukusontwa kucolekile, kuqondile, kumnyama futhi kucwebezela; umnuko ubomvu unomphetho osagolide; isisekelo sibomvu ngokomthusi.
    * Ungadidanisi ne-Shaxian hongbian: lokhu kuyi-ulong, enophawu lwayo.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izimpawu ezimbili zetiye zase-Shaxian — ezibomvu neze-ulong — zinomnikazi oyedwa nekheli elilodwa: ifektri yetiye yedolobhana lase-Xiamao.
* Phakathi kokubhaliswa kophawu lwe-hongbian nophawu lwetiye elibomvu le-gongfu kwadlula cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa: 2015 no-2021.
* Umphetho osagolide emaphethelweni omnuko obomvu ubhalwa yincwadi eyisisekelo njengophawu oluhlukile.
* Igama elithi «工夫茶» kulula ukulithatha njenge-gongfu cha — indlela yokuphisa; lapha yigama lesigaba setiye elibomvu.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu ase-Fujian:**

* **I-Shaxian Hongbian Cha ([沙县红边茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shaxian-hongbian-cha)):** I-ulong yalesi sifunda sifanayo futhi yomnikazi ofanayo wophawu; ne-gongfu red tea ihlotshaniswa kuphela yindawo.
* **I-Youxi Hong ([尤溪红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/youxi-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Youxi ngaphansi kukamasipala ofanayo wase-Sanming, elinophawu lwayo kanye nezinga leqembu.
* **I-Zhenghe Gongfu ([政和工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhenghe-gongfu)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lasenyakatho ye-Fujian; i-Zhenghe imi eduze ne-Shaxian ohlwini lwezifunda ze-xiaozhong yangaphandle.
* **I-Tanyang Gong Fu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Itiye elidala elibomvu le-gongfu lasempumalanga yesifundazwe, elinye "lamagongfu amathathu amakhulu ase-Fujian".
* **I-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)):** I-xiaozhong yendawo yase-Tongmu e-Wuyishan — indawo yokuqala okubalwa kuyo i-xiaozhong "yangaphandle".

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Shaxian Gongfu Cha itiye elibomvu lamaqabunga amancane elisemusha ekuvikelweni, kusukela ngo-2021, laseSanming. Imiqulu ngalo imfishane: uphawu, umnikazi kanye nencazelo eyodwa yokubukeka. Kodwa le ncazelo inemininingwane — ukusontwa okuqondile okumnyama okucolekile, umnuko obomvu onomphetho osagolide, ukunambitha okujiyile okumnandi nokubuya koju, isisekelo esibomvu ngokomthusi esinokucwebezela okunjengosilika kanye nokuphisa okuyi-6–8. Izinhlobo, izikhathi zokuqoqa kanye nezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zisalinde umthombo wazo.