---
title: "Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/shangnan-quan-ming
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán (商南泉茗, Shāngnán quán míng)

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán yitiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi ephezulu elivela esifundeni i-Shāngnán (商南县, Shāngnán Xiàn) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Shāngluò (商洛市, Shāngluò Shì) esifundazweni sase-Shǎnxī. Lona ngumkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品), owathola ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni ngo-2007. Itiye lingaphansi kohlobo olungajwayelekile emasikweni aseShayina olwaziwa ngokuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo), futhi luphawuleka ngephunga elimnene lamakhasimende (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng). Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liwuphawu lwempumelelo yohlelo “Ithe Laseningizimu Liya Enyakatho” (南茶北引, nán chá běi yǐn), okwathi ngalo ukukhiqizwa kwetiye kwahlelwa okokuqala emlandweni endaweni engu-33° enyakatho kwekhweyitha, ezintabeni eziphansi ze-Qínlǐng.

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**1. Isigaba Nokudabuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavutshelwanga; izinga lokufakwa komoyampilo liphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-5%). Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo): inhlanganisela yokugazinga epanini (wok) nokomiswa kokugcina ngomoya oshisayo.
* **Isigaba:** Amatiye aluhlaza ezifunda zaseShayina, itiye lekhwalithi ephezulu elivela “esifundeni setiye esisha sasenyakatho” (新兴北方茶区). Kusukela ngo-2010 lifakiwe ohlelweni lomkhiqizo wesifunda “Qínlǐng Quán Míng” (秦岭泉茗, Qínlǐng Quán Míng) — uphawu lomphakathi oluhlanganisiwe lwamatiye aseShǎnxī.
* **Indawo yokuvela:** IShayina, isifundazwe i-Shǎnxī (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), idolobha i-Shāngluò (商洛市), isifunda i-Shāngnán (商南县). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izigodi eziyi-13 namalokishi, okubalwa i-Chéngguān (城关镇), i-Fùshuǐ (富水镇), i-Shìmǎ (试马镇) nokunye.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 33°06′–33°44′ N, 110°24′–111°01′ E.

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**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**

Umlando we-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán ungumlando wowesifazane oyedwa kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Isifunda i-Shāngnán sitholakala endaweni engu-33–34° enyakatho, ngaphezulu kakhulu komngcele wendabuko wokutshalwa kwetiye eShayina (cishe engu-30° N). Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1960, lapha kwakungakaze kukhiqizwe itiye.

**Isikhathi sika “Ithe Laseningizimu Liya Enyakatho” (1962–1970)**. Ngo-1961, umfundi owaphothula e-Northwest Agricultural College (西北农学院, Xīběi Nóngyè Xuéyuàn) u-Zhāng Shūzhēn (张淑珍, Zhāng Shūzhēn, 1937–2024) weza emsebenzini ehlathini lasesifundeni i-Shāngnán. Egqugquzelwa indaba yomakadebona wabashokobezi u-Méi Guānghuá (梅光华) ngezihlahla zetiye zasendle endaweni engumakhelwane i-Ānkāng, ngo-1962 waqala ukuhlola ngokuletha izithombo zetiye. Imizamo yokuqala yokutshala izithombo ezivela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yehluleka — izitshalo azizange zisinde ebusika. Ngaleso sikhathi u-Zhāng Shūzhēn washintshela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ngqo, kwathi ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yemizamo nokwehluleka, ngo-1970 kwatholakala isivuno sokuqala. Kanjalo kwaphela umlando othi “i-Shāngnán lapho kwakungakaze kukhule khona itiye” (商南不产茶), nomngcele wokutshalwa kwetiye wathuthelwa enyakatho ngamakhulu amakhilomitha.

**Ukuvela kophawu (1987–1988)**. Ekuqaleni itiye lalibizwa kalula ngokuthi “máo jiān” ([毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian), máo jiān — “iziqongo ezinoboya”), kamuva — “Quánshuǐ Qīng” (泉水清, Quánshuǐ Qīng — “elimsulwa njengamanzi omthombo”). Mhla ziyi-14 kuNhlangulana 1987, i-China Tea Research Institute (中国茶叶研究所, Zhōngguó Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ) yenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokunambitha futhi yancoma ukuthi umkhiqizo uqanjwe ngokuthi “Shāngnán Quán Míng” (商南泉茗 — ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi “itiye lomthombo elivela e-Shāngnán”). Ngo-1988 itiye labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngaleli gama futhi lathola isithunzi esithi “Umkhiqizo Wekhwalithi Ephezulu Yesifundazwe i-Shǎnxī” (陕西省优质产品). Ngo-1986 itiye lathola umklomelo wokuthuthuka kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe esifundazweni i-Shǎnxī esigabeni sesibili.

**Ukuthuthuka kwesimanje (2000 — kuze kube manje)**. Ngo-2007 i- “Shāngnán Quán Míng” yathola ukuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ngo-2010 yafakwa ohlelweni lomkhiqizo wesifunda “Qínlǐng Quán Míng”. Ngo-2020 indawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni yayifinyelele kuma-mǔ angu-240 000 (cishe amahektha angu-16 000), umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza wawungamathani angu-3 200, inani lomkhiqizo lalingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-380. Umkhakha wetiye waba umgqugquzeli omkhulu wokukhulisa imali engenayo yabantu basemaphandleni. Umsunguli wawo u-Zhāng Shūzhēn, owathola isidlaliso esithi “Gogo Wetiye” (茶奶奶, Chá Nǎinai), wayeyisithunywa zeNgqungquthela ye-13 neye-14 ye-CPC, waklonyeliswa ngeNdondo yoMhla woku-1 kuNhlaba kanye nesithunzi esithi “Isisebenzi Esihamba Phambili Ezweni Lonke”. Washona mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2024 eneminyaka engama-86. Indaba yakhe yaba isisekelo sefilimu yeshashalazi ethi “Ku-33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).

* **Igama:**

商南 (Shāngnán) — igama lendawo, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi “eningizimu yezintaba ze-Shāng”: 商 (shāng) — igama lokhahlamba lwezintaba kanye nombuso womlando we-Shāng, 南 (nán) — “eningizimu”. 泉 (quán) — “umthombo, umsuka”, kubhekiswa emanzini omthombo wezintaba ze-Qínlǐng anciphisa amasimu etiye. 茗 (míng) — igama elisemthethweni letiye, ngokuvamile elisho ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, “Shāngnán Quán Míng” — “itiye lomthombo elihle elivela e-Shāngnán”.

* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:**

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lingaphezu kwetiye nje: liwuphawu lokunqoba imingcele yemvelo kanye nokunqoba kokuphikelela komuntu. Indaba ka-Zhāng Shūzhēn, owakha umkhakha wetiye endaweni “engenakwenzeka”, yaba ngenye yezindaba zezolimo ezidume kakhulu zekhulu lama-20 eShayina. Itiye liyingxenye ye-“top four” yamatiye aluhlaza adumile ase-Shǎnxī kanye ne-Hànshuǐ Yínléng (汉水银棱), i-Qínbā Wùháo (秦巴雾毫) ne-Zǐyáng Máo Jiān ([紫阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ziyang-mao-jian)). Isifunda i-Shāngnán sakha iMnyuziyamu Yetiye (茶博物馆), indawo yezivakashi eye-“Quán Míng” (泉茗度假区) enezindawo ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kanye nomgwaqo i-Xiānmíng (仙茗茶街), ozinikele kwisiko letiye.

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**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:**

Isisekelo sokutshala sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-cultivar:

— **Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng (紫阳[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng)** — uhlobo oluhlukile lomdabu lwendawo oluvela esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Zǐyáng (紫阳县), olwajwayela ngokomlando izimo zasenyakatho ye-Shǎnxī. Luhlobene ne-*Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*. Luphawuleka ngokumelana nokubanda okuphezulu kanye nokunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium.

— **Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng (安徽槠叶种, Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng)** — uhlobo olwaqhamuka esifundazweni i-Ānhuī olunokuqina okukhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Izinhlobo eziyinsiza: i-Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng Sìshísān) ne-Fúdǐng Dàbái (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái) — izinhlobo zokuqala ezihlinzeka ngokuvuna kwangaphambi kwasentwasahlobo. Edolobhaneni lase-Shìmǎ (试马镇), endaweni yase-Qīngquān (清泉乡), kusenezindawo zokutshala ezinezihlahla ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30; isisindo semicununu eyikhulu (imbewu + iqabunga elilodwa) cishe singama-45 g.

* **Ukuvuna:** Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) — okuyinhloko, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNdasa kuze kube ngasekupheleni kukaMbaso. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu — ukuvuna ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (明前茶, míng qián chá).

* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ibanga elikhethekile: imicununu eyodwa (单芽, dān yá) — okungenani ama-90% ezintweni ezingavuthiwe. Ibanga lokuqala: umcununu oneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展) — okungenani ama-80%. Ibanga lesibili: umcununu oneqabunga elilodwa elivulekile (一芽一叶开展). Kunomthetho othi “imigomo emihlanu yokungavuni” (五不采): ungavuni emvuleni, ngamazolo, amahlumela ansomi, amaqabunga alimele kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingahambisani nezinga.

* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Ukuvuna ngesandla kuphela, kubhasikidi oqinisiwe. Amaqabunga akufanele acindezelwe entendeni yesandla noma afakwe ngokucindezela kubhasikidi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zifike endaweni yokucubungula ngalolo suku. Isilinganiso samaqabunga awodwa (ngaphandle komcununu) — esingekho ngaphezu kuka-5%. Umkhiqizo udlule esitifiketini se-organic saseYurophu.

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**4. Indawo Yokutshala kanye Nezici Zokukhula:**

Isifunda i-Shāngnán sitholakala emthambekeni oseningizimu wokhahlamba lwe-Qínlǐng (秦岭, Qínlǐng) — umngcele omkhulu wesimo sezulu eShayina ohlukanisa indawo eshisayo engaphansi kwezindwangu yasenyakatho nendawo epholile epholile. Amasimu etiye asendaweni eshintshashintshayo phakathi kwalezi zindawo zesimo sezulu, okunquma ubunjalo obuyingqayizivele betiye.

* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** 300–800 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ukushintsha kusuka endaweni eshisayo engaphansi kwezindwangu yasenyakatho kuye endaweni epholile epholile (北亚热带向暖温带过渡气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka jikelele lingu-14.5 °C — liphansi kakhulu kunezifunda eziningi zetiye zaseShayina. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa nsuku zonke — ngaphezu kuka-8 °C. Imvula yonyaka — 735–1 000 mm. Ukuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile (散射光, sǎnshè guāng) kugqugquzela ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid eqabungeni: okuqukethwe ama-amino acid etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungenani ama-3.0%.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-burozem (棕壤, zōng rǎng) ene-acidic reaction (pH 4.5–6.5), okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo okungaphezu kuka-1.0%, nokunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (硒, xī) ne-zinc (锌, xīn). Amasimu aniselwa ngamanzi omthombo ovela emufuleni i-Dānjiāng (丹江, Dānjiāng) ongaphezulu.
* **Imvelo:** Izinga lokumboza ngehlathi — 65.1%. Isifunda sinikezwe isitifiketi esithi “I-China’s Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧). Ukungcola kwezimboni akukho, izinambuzane nezifo zezihlahla zetiye zenzeka ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yemvelo enempilo.

**Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza:** Idolobhana lase-Fùshuǐ (富水镇), umuzi wase-Cháfáng (茶坊村) — indawo yomlando yensimu yetiye yokuqala yase-Shāngnán. Idolobhana lase-Shìmǎ (试马镇), indawo yase-Qīngquān (清泉乡) — izingadi zetiye ezisemagqumeni eziphakeme ngama-300–800 m, ezihlale zigcwele amafu.

**Isici esiyingqayizivele sendawo yokutshala:** I-Shāngnán iyindawo yetiye entsha esenyakatho impela eningizimu yeShayina (中国西部最北端新兴茶区). Ubusika obubandayo nentwasahlobo epholile zelula isikhathi sokuphumula kwezihlahla zetiye ebusika, okuholela ekunqwabelaneni okuphezulu kwama-amino acid amahhala kanye ne-L-theanine. Lokhu kunikeza itiye ukusha okukhethekile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) nobumnandi obugqamile.

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**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán likhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo), obuhlanganisa izakhi ze-chǎoqīng ne-hōngqīng. Lona umkhiqizo wobuhlakani wabalimi betiye base-Shāngnán, obavumela ukuthi babambe iphunga lamakhasimende (ngokugazingwa) kanye nokugcina ubumnene beqabunga (ngokomiswa okuthambile).

1. **Ukulala kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tān fàng):** Izinto ezisanda kuvunwa zinandlalwa ngosendlalelo oluncane egumbini elinomoya omningi isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwamahora angu-12. Inhloso — ukuvuthwa okulinganiselwe kokuqala kwephunga.

2. **Ukuqondisa ama-enzyme / “ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng):** Kwenziwa esitsheni esivundlile esijikelezayo ezingeni lokushisa lika-110–120 °C. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza aseningizimu, okuvumela ukucubungula ngokucophelela izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme eziphakeme ngaphandle kokuzishisa.

3. **Ukungenisa umoya (清风, qīngfēng):** Ngemva kokuqondisa, iqabunga liyaphephetha (簸扬, bǒyáng) ukususa izingcezu ezingahambisani nezindinganiso nokupholisa.

4. **Ukugazingwa kokuqala (初炒, chū chǎo):** Ukugazingwa epanini kwehla ngejika lezinga lokushisa: kusuka ku-100 °C ekuqaleni kuya ku-80 °C ekupheleni. Kulesi sigaba kwakheka iphunga lamakhasimende eliyisici.

5. **Ukubunjwa noku-“kuphakanyiswa kwe-boya” (做形起毫, zuò xíng qǐ háo):** Ukubunjwa ngesandla — isigaba esiyinhloko esinquma ukubukeka kwetiye. Iqabunga lisongwa ngesandla lube umoya (螺形, luó xíng), kuyilapho kuvezwa uboya obumhlophe (白毫, bái háo) ngaphezulu. Lona umsebenzi onzima odinga ikhono eliphezulu lengcweti.

6. **Ukulahlwa kwezingcezu ezingalungile (拣剔去末, jiǎn tī qù mò):** Ukususwa kwezingcezu ezincane eziphukile, izigaxa kanye nezingcezu ezingahambisani nezindinganiso.

7. **Ukomiswa kokugcina / “ukufudumala” (烘焙, hōngbèi):** Ngomoya oshisayo ezingeni lokushisa lika-60–70 °C. Indlela ethambile ivumela ukuqondisa iphunga ngaphandle kokucekela phansi isakhiwo esibucayi seqabunga.

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**6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Amaqabunga etiye aminyene, asongwe kahle ajikeleze (条索紧细卷曲, tiáosuǒ jǐnxì juǎnqū), ambozwe uboya obumhlophe obuningi (白毫显露, bái háo xiǎnlù). Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile (嫩绿, nèn lǜ). Iqabunga lilingana, lihlanzekile, alinazo izingcezu ezimahhadlahhadla.

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Inothi elicacile lamakhasimende amnene (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng) — uphawu oluyisici lwe-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán. Isisekelo — ithoni entsha, ehlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng), ejwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza asentwasahlobo.

* **Iphunga lomxhantelo:** Iphunga lamakhasimende eliphakeme neliqinile, elishintshela ekusheni okuluhlaza okuhlanzekile. Etiyeni le-banga elikhethekile — kunezinto ezincane eziyizimbali.

* **Ukwakheka:** Kumnandi (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), nokunambitheka kwenyama kwama-amino acid. Kumnandi kancane (甘, gān), kuthambile futhi kuminyene (醇厚, chúnhòu). Ukuphela — ubumnandi obude obubuyayo (回甘, huígān) nokwetenyiswa kwamathe okusebenzayo (生津, shēngjīn). Ubumuncu nobunzima cishe abukho uma kuphiliswa ngendlela efanele. Umela ukudonswa oku-4-5.

* **Umbala womxhantelo:** Okuluhlaza okuphuzi (黄绿, huánglǜ), okuhlanzekile futhi okusobala, okucwebezelayo.

* **Insethe yetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Iluhlaza okotshani obuthambile (嫩绿), ilingana (匀整, yún zhěng), amaqabunga namahlumela avuleka abe “yimiqumbe yezimbali” (鲜活成朵, xiānhuó chéng duǒ), abukeka emasha futhi ephila.

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**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ngenxa yendawo esenyakatho, amazinga okushisa aphansi onyaka jikelele kanye nokuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile, i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liphawuleka ngephrofayili yebhayokhemikhali eyisici: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nezinga eliphezulu ngokusesilinganisweni lama-polyphenol.

* **Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚):** Okuqukethwe — cishe kungama-28% (uma kuqhathaniswa: isilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile — cishe kungama-20%). Isakhi esiyinhloko — ama-catechin (儿茶素), ngokuyinhloko i-EGCG. Inkomba yokukhishwa kwamanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù) — okungenani ingama-42.5%, okubonisa ukugcwala okuphezulu.

* **Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸):** Okuqukethwe etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungenani kungama-3.0%. Kuningi i-L-theanine. Ngempela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuhlanganiswe nama-polyphenol alinganiselayo okunquma ukunambitheka okusha, okumnandi kancane.

* **Ama-Alkaloid:** I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okujwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza (2-4% wesisindo esomile). Kukhona ne-theobromine ne-theophylline.

* **Amavithamini:** UVithamini C (ugcinwa ngenxa yokufakwa komoyampilo okuncane), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), uvithamini E.

* **Amaminerali:** Ukunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (硒) ne-zinc (锌) — kungumphumela wezici ze-geochemical ze-burozem yomthambeka oseningizimu we-Qínlǐng. Kukhona futhi i-fluoride, i-potassium, i-magnesium, ne-manganese.

* **Amafutha Abalulekile:** Iphrofayili yephunga inqunywa ama-pyrazine nama-aldehyde (inothi lamakhasimende lakhiwa ngesikhathi sokugazingwa), kanye nama-terpene alcohol (i-linalool, i-cis-jasmone) ekuvuneni kwasentwasahlobo.

* **Izici eziyingqayizivele:** Ukuba khona kwemvelo kwe-selenium — kuyivelakancane kumatiye aluhlaza. I-selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla, futhi inhlanganisela yayo nama-polyphenol etiye iqinisa umphumela wokuvikela. Lokhu kusondeza i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán kwelinye itiye elidumile lase-Shǎnxī — i-Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá (紫阳富硒茶).

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**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

* **Umphumela we-Antioxidant:** Ama-polyphenol (28%) ahlinzeka ngokuqedwa okusebenzayo kwama-radical mahhala. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-catechin etiye eliluhlaza uphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-18 kunalowo kavithamini E.
* **Ukwenyusa izinga le-cholesterol:** Ama-catechin alawula ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol esibindini, anciphisa izinga le-LDL futhi anciphisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis. Inkomba ephezulu yokukhishwa kwamanzi (≥42.5%) isho ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezinto eziphilayo kuyo lapho kuphiliswa.
* **Ukuvikelwa kwamazinyo:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluoride kucindezela umsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo futhi kuqinisa uqwembe. Ngokwesizinda somthombo, ukusebenza kahle kokulwa nokubola kwamazinyo kungaphezulu ngama-30% kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile.
* **Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant nge-selenium:** Okuqukethwe kwemvelo kwe-selenium kuqinisa amandla e-antioxidant jikelele, kusekela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kanye namandla omzimba.
* **Umphumela wokuqinisa kanye nokwenza ingqondo isebenze kahle:** I-L-theanine kanye ne-caffeine kunikeza ukukhuphuka okuthambile, okuqhubekayo kokunaka nokugxilisa ingqondo ngaphandle “kwe-caffeine highs and lows”.
* **Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla:** Ama-polyphenol anomphumela omncane wokulwa namagciwane emvelweni yamagciwane emathunjini, athuthukisa ukugaya ukudla.
* **Ingxenye yokupholisa:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kuhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuphumula, kunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kugqugquzela ukulala okuseqophelweni eliphezulu (ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ekuseni).

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**9. Ukuphiliswa Kwanakho:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C. Okwe-banga elikhethekile lemahlumela angawodwa — kuvumelekile ukuya ku-75 °C. Gwema ngokuphelele ukubilisa: izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-85 °C libhubhisa i-theanine futhi landisa ubunzima.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi (玻璃杯) — ukuze ujabulele inqubo yokuvuleka kwamaqabunga etiye asongekile. I-gaiwan yomhlophe ye-porcelain (白瓷盖碗) — ukuze ulawule ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwezinto nokuhlola iphunga.
* **Inqubo:**

1. Shisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Thela itiye. Kunconywa indlela yokuthelela okuphakathi (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela u-⅓ womthamo wamanzi, unyakazise kancane ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ukuze uvule iphunga (摇香, yáo xiāng), bese ungeze owamanzi osele.
3. Ukuhlamba akudingekile — izinto ezingavuthiwe ezibucayi zivuleka kusukela ekudonsweni kokuqala.
4. Ukudonswa kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-30.
5. Ukudonswa okulandelayo ngakunye — kwengeze imizuzwana eyi-10–15.
6. Ukuphiliswa okuphindaphindiwe — izikhathi ezi-4–5.

* **Amanzi:** Amanzi omthombo wasezintabeni (山泉水, shān quánshuǐ) noma amanzi ahlungiwe athambile. Amanzi aqinile acima ubumnandi nobuncane bephunga.

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**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izimo:** Ukupakisha okuvalwe kahle, okungangeni ukukhanya. Okungcono kakhulu — esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C. Gwema ukuthintana namaphunga angaphandle, umswakama, nokukhanya kwelanga.
* **Isitsha:** Izikhwama ezivala ngomshini ezine-foil, amathini okusayina anezivalo eziqinile.
* **Isikhathi:** Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuthi “limoyize” endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa (醒茶, xǐng chá) ukuze kususwe insalela ye-“fire” (火气, huǒqì). Ngemva kokuvula iphakheji — vala kahle, gcina esiqandisini futhi usebenzise phakathi nenyanga eyodwa.
* **Isikhathi sokugcina esiphelele:** Likhombisa ubuhle balo kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6–12. Uma ligcinwe kahle emaphakhejini avaliwe — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi.

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**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

* **Isigaba sentengo:** Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lingaphansi kwesigaba esiphakathi nangaphezulu. Ibanga elikhethekile (明前, amahlumela awodwa) — kusuka ku-800 yuan/jīn (500 g) nangaphezulu. Ibanga lokuqala (一芽一叶) — 400–600 yuan/jīn. Ibanga lesibili — umkhiqizo omkhulu othengekayo. Intengo inqunywa isikhathi sokuvuna, ibanga lezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga lokusebenza ngesandla.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**

— **Ukuhlola ukumakwa:** Umkhiqizo wangempela umakwa ngophawu lwendawo oluthi “商南泉茗” noma ilogo yomkhiqizo ethi “秦岭泉茗”. Qaphela isitifiketi sokukhiqizwa kwe-organic.

— **Ukubukeka:** Amaqabunga etiye aminyene, asongwe ngokulinganayo anoboya obumhlophe obuningi, anombala oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile. Amaqabunga amahhadla, amakhulu, angalingani angenabo uboya — uphawu lokushintshwa.

— **Iphunga:** Inothi lamakhasimende eliyisici (嫩栗香) — umhlonzi oyinhloko. Ukungabi bikho kothi lwamakhasimende, iphunga elincibilikile noma elimuncu — kuyisizathu sokungabaza.

— **Umxhantelo:** Uluhlaza okuphuzi, osesobala, ohlanzekile. Umxhantelo ongacacile noma omnyama ubonisa ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe noma ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

— **Intengo:** Okuthiwa “ibanga elikhethekile” ngentengo engaphansi kuka-300 yuan/jīn — cishe akulona nhlobo i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán langempela.

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**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **Itiye endaweni “engenakwenzeka”:** I-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán linelinye lamatiye aluhlaza asenyakatho impela eShayina. Amasimu atholakala endaweni engu-33–34° enyakatho — enyakatho yomngcele wendabuko wokutshalwa kwetiye (30°). Ukwakhiwa komkhakha wetiye kule ndawo ngeminyaka yawo-1960–1970s kwathathwa njengempumelelo kwezolimo, ngokuhlaba umxhwele okufana nokuhlolwa kwaseSoviet kokuhambisa izitshalo ezingaphansi kwezindwangu ezindaweni ezifana ne-Caucasus.
* **Owesifazane owashintsha isifunda:** U-Zhāng Shūzhēn (1937–2024) — ongumgcini wamahlathi ngokwemfundo, owaba isazi sezolimo setiye — wanikela emsebenzini wetiye lase-Shāngnán iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wakwazi ukukhiqiza itiye elimhlophe e-Shāngnán, i-oolong (“Shāngnán Yù Guānyīn” — 商南玉观音) kanye netiye elimnyama le-fúzhuān. Impilo yakhe — yindaba yefilimu yobude obugcwele ethi “Ku-33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).
* **I-selenium yemvelo:** Amatiye ase-Shāngnán, njenge-Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá edumile, anothiswe ngokwemvelo nge-selenium — ngenxa yezici ze-geochemical zenhlabathi yaseningizimu ye-Qínlǐng. Lokhu kuyivelakancane kumatiye aluhlaza: iningi lemikhiqizo yetiye “ene-selenium” emakethe ingumphumela wokunothiswa okwenziwe ngabantu.
* **“Imigomo emihlanu” kanye nesitifiketi saseYurophu:** Ukuqina kwamazinga okuvuna (不采雨水叶、露水叶…) kanye nokuvinjelwa okuphelele kwezinto zamakhemikhali zokuvikela kwenze ukuthi i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán iphumelele ekuhlolweni kwe-organic yaseYurophu — impumelelo eyivelakancane kumatiye amaningi ezifunda zaseShayina.
* **Indawo yomoya-mpilo yaseShayina:** Isifunda i-Shāngnán sinikezwe isitifiketi ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “i-China’s Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧) — ukuhlonishwa kobumsulwa bomoya nemvelo. Lokhu kunomthelela ngqo ebumsulweni bokunambitheka kwetiye: ukungabi bikho kokungcola kwezimboni kanye nokwehlukahlukana okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kunikeza “ukucwebezela” kwephrofayili ye-oganoleptiki.

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**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:**

| Isici | **Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán (商南泉茗)** | **Zǐyáng Máo Jiān (紫阳毛尖)** | **Hànzhōng Xiānháo ([汉中仙毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hanzhong-xian-hao))** | **Xìnyáng Máo Jiān ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian))** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **Isifundazwe** | Shǎnxī (Shāngluò) | Shǎnxī (Ānkāng) | Shǎnxī (Hànzhōng) | Hénán |
| **Indawo** | 33°06′–33°44′ N | 32°–33° N | 32°–33° N | 31°–32° N |
| **Ubuchwepheshe** | Ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye (半烘半炒) | Chǎoqīng (炒青) | Chǎoqīng (炒青) | Chǎoqīng (炒青) |
| **Isimo seqabunga** | Umo oyisongozo | Okunsikazana | Okuyisicaba, okusongeke kancane | Okunsikazana okuncane |
| **Iphunga eliyinhloko** | Lamakhasimende (嫩栗香) | Lamakhasimende, okotshani | Lamakhasimende, okuyimbali | Lamakhasimende |
| **I-Selenium** | Yemvelo | Yemvelo (ephezulu) | Encane | Encane |
| **Isici** | Indawo yetiye entsha esenyakatho impela entshonalanga yeShayina | Itiye elidume “ne-selenium” | Uphawu oluhlanganisiwe lwase-Hànzhōng | Enye “yezinkulungwane eziyishumi zetiye ezidume kakhulu zaseShayina” |

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liyagqama kumatiye aluhlaza ase-Shǎnxī ikakhulukazi ngobuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye”, obunikeza kona ngesikhathi esisodwa ithoni yokugazingwa yamakhasimende nobumnene obujwayelekile kumatiye omisiwe (hōngqīng). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Zǐyáng Máo Jiān, isici sayo se-“selenium” asigqamile kangako, kodwa isakhiwo sayo esibucayi kanye nesimo seqabunga esisongekile sithandeka kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Xìnyáng Máo Jiān, i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán likhiqizwa endaweni esenyakatho kakhulu, okulenza libe elinye lamarekhodi “asenyakatho” phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu.

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## Ekuphetheni

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liyitiye elinomlando ofanelwe inoveli ephelele. Ngemuva kweqabunga ngalinye letiye elisongekile — kukhona iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha yokuphikelela, eyaqala ngesandla esigcwele imbewu ephonswe emhlabathini “ongenakwenzeka” endaweni engu-33°. Namuhla liyitiye eliluhlaza elivuthiwe, elizethembayo: iphunga lamakhasimende, ukwakheka okubushelelezi, ubumnandi obude obubuyayo kanye nalowo mlingiswa “wo
mthombo” (泉, quán) okhonjiswe egameni lalo. Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lizofaneleka kubathandi abafuna enye indlela yamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile aseningizimu — into ethule kakhudlwana, “enobuntu basenyakatho” ngokwesimo, kodwa ingejule ngokuqukethwe. Kanti kulabo abazisa izindaba ngokufanayo nokunambitheka — leli yitiye okufanele ulizame ukuze kube inkumbulo ka-“Gogo Wetiye” u-Zhāng Shūzhēn.