---
title: "Ruì'ān qīngmíngzǎo"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/rui-an-qingmingzao
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ruì'ān qīngmíngzǎo (瑞安清明早)

**I-Ruian Qingmingzao** (*Ruì'ān qīngmíngzǎo*, 瑞安清明早) itiye elisuka ohlotsheni lwe-homonymous lwasekuqaleni kakhulu lwesifunda sedolobha i-Ruian (瑞安市) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha i-Wenzhou, esifundazweni i-Zhejiang. Igama lingele-homogeneous variety: «清明早» — «early before Qingming», amahlumela alungele ukuvunwa ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming. Kusukela ngo-2012, «瑞安清明早» wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo. Izincazelo zikhuluma ngeqabunga eligoqwe ngokuqinile eliluhlaza okukhanyayo, kanti imininingwane yohlobo lwezitshalo ikhuluma ngetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe, kodwa umqulu ongaqinisekisa isigaba somkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu angiwutholanga. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sisesigabeni sezigaba, hhayi kufolda yesigaba.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Isigaba asimisiwe ngomqulu. «清明早» yigama lohlobo lwezitshalo, hhayi isigaba, futhi ukubhaliswa kophawu esigabeni sama-30 sezimpahla zetiye akusho isigaba. Imininingwane yohlobo lwezitshalo ithi minyaka yonke kukhiqizwa amathani angaphezu kwama-30 etiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lase-Wenzhou (温炒青, *wēn chǎoqīng*), kanti izincazelo zokubukeka — imichilo eqinile eluhlaza okukhanyayo, uketshezi oluluhlaza okotshani okuthambile — ziyahambisana netiye eliluhlaza. Kodwa uhlobo lwasekuqaleni alulibeki isigaba: kusuka ohlotsheni lwase-Wenzhou u-Wuniu Zao kwenziwa kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lohlobo lwe-clonal lwasekuqaleni kakhulu; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2012). Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ilibeka phakathi «kwamatiye amane adumile eningizimu ye-Zhejiang» (浙南四大名茶).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), umasipala wedolobha i-Wenzhou (温州, *Wēnzhōu*), isifunda sedolobha i-Ruian (瑞安, *Ruì'ān*).
* **Indawo:** Isizinda sezimpawu sesifundazwe sibonisa isifunda sedolobha i-Ruian njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda esiyinhloko idolobhana i-Gaolou (高楼镇), cishe 27° enyakatho, ngombiko we-«Wenzhou Daily»; izixhumanisi eziqondile zendawo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane yentela.** I-«Wenzhou Daily» (温州日报, 2025) ithi ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Ming «瑞安清明早» wamiswa njengentela yasenkantolo. Umqulu wenkathi ye-Ming ongakuqinisekisa lokhu angiwubonanga; uhlobo lwe-clonal ngokwalo, ngokwemininingwane yohlobo, lwakhiwe ngokukhethwa ngabalimi betiye bendawo futhi lwamukelwa ngo-1992.
    * **Uhlobo lwezitshalo.** Ngokwemininingwane yohlobo, lwakhiwa abalimi betiye bendawo ngokukhetha isihlahla esisodwa endaweni yase-Pandai (潘岱乡); ngo-1992 ikhomishana yase-Zhejiang yezinhlobo zezitshalo zezolimo yalamukela njengohlobo lwesifundazwe.
    * **2010–2012 — uphawu.** Ngokwesizinda sezimpawu zendawo sase-Zhejiang, isicelo safakwa ngomhla ka-29 Novemba 2010, ukubhaliswa — ngomhla ka-7 Julayi 2012. Kwabhaliswa izimpawu ezimbili zesigaba sama-30: № 8891327 — «瑞安清明早» enesithombe, kanye no-№ 8891328 — ene-pinyin. Umnikazi — Inyunyana yama-Cooperative Abalimi Base-Ruian (瑞安市农民专业合作社联合会).
    * **2019.** Ngosuku lwesizinda, izinkampani ezivunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu zaziyiziro. Isizinda sigcinwa kuze kube ngu-2019; ukuthi uphawu lwanwetshwa futhi lusasebenza manje, angikuhlolanga.
    * **2025.** Ngomhla ka-1 Mashi edolobhaneni i-Gaolou kwavulwa isizini yetiye lasekuqaleni: isandla sokuqala samaqabunga amasha ohlobo lwengadi yase-Hongdi, ngokombiko wephephandaba, salethwa endaweni yomcimbi ngendiza engenamshayeli.
* **Igama:** «Ruian» (瑞安) igama lesifunda; «Qingming» (清明) umkhosi wasentwasahlobo wokukhumbula, cishe ngomhla ka-5 Ephreli; «zao» (早) — «early».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibiza itiye njengelinye lamatiye amane adumile eningizimu ye-Zhejiang, imininingwane yohlobo lwezitshalo — njengenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zasekuqaleni zase-Wenzhou.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo lwezitshalo:** **I-Ruian Qingmingzao** (瑞安清明早). Ngokwemininingwane yohlobo: i-clonal, i-shrub, amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, early kakhulu, i-diploid. Ukutshala, imininingwane yeluleka ukutshala ngomugqa owodwa noma emibili; ngo-Julayi–Septemba izihlahla zihlaselwa izibungu, futhi ukulungiswa kwegadi ekwindla kungcono kuqale kusenesikhathi.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** Amahlumela okuqala entwasahlobo — yiwona kanye ohlobo oluthandwa ngawo.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming, njengoba igama lisho; ngo-2025 isizini e-Gaolou yavulwa ngomhla ka-1 Mashi.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Lapho kukhula khona:** Ngokwemininingwane yohlobo, litshalwa ezindaweni eziphansi nasezigodini zase-Tongxi (桐溪), e-Pandai, e-Tongpu (桐浦) nase-Ziao (梓岙); ukuthi lamagama ahlobana kanjani nokuhlukaniswa kwamanje kwesifunda, angikuhlolanga.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-yellow-red (黄红壤), ngokwemininingwane yohlobo.
* **Ubude nesimo sezulu:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Isilinganiso:** Imininingwane ayiqhathaniseki. Imininingwane yohlobo ikhuluma ngaphezu kwama-500 *mu* ngaphansi kohlobo kanye nezihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-300,000 — bese ikhuluma ngesizinda se-cooperative setiye lasekuqaleni esingaphezu kwe-1000 *mu* esigodini sase-Yingdong edolobhaneni i-Gaolou. I-«Wenzhou Daily» ikhuluma ngezinkulungwane eziyi-11 *mu* zezingadi zetiye e-Gaolou — ama-73 % wezingadi zesifunda, izinkampani zetiye ezingama-22 kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elicishe libe yizigidi ezingama-50 zama-yuan ngonyaka ka-2024, kodwa lokhu kuyilo lonke itiye lasekuqaleni ledolobhana, hhayi kuphela uhlobo lwe-Qingmingzao.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umqulu onobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele awukho. Imininingwane yohlobo ikhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lase-Wenzhou (温炒青); uma lokhu kuwumkhiqizo oyinhloko, khona-ke uhlelo olujwayelekile yilolu:

1.  **Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
2.  **Ukumiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomiswa ngokuthosa (炒干, *chǎogān*).**

Lolu wuhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Ruian Qingmingzao. Ngokombiko ka-2025, i-Gaolou ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ngosuku ngaphezu kwama-4000 ama-jin amaqabunga amasha kanye nama-jin angaphezu kwama-500 etiye elomile.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe emininingwaneni yohlobo lwezitshalo, hhayi emqulwini wophawu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imichilo igoqwe ngokuqinile, umbala uluhlaza okusha ocwebezelayo (条索紧结，色泽鲜绿润泽).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele azikho.
* **Iphunga loketshezi:** Lizinzile, lisha, lihle.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kucebile, kusha, nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside.
* **Umbala woketshezi:** Uluhlaza okotshani okuthambile, okukhanyayo nokusobala.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elidliwayo):** I-yellow-green, ekhanyayo; iqabunga liqinile, lithambile, lilingana futhi lithambile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo ayikho.

**9. Ukwenziwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza — uma esandleni, njengasezincazelweni eziningi, itiye eliluhlaza elisuka kulolu hlobo.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Uketshezi lokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yoketshezi.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Ephaketheni elivaliwe, efrijini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye lasekuqaleni lentwasahlobo kungcono ukuliphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane yamanani emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

* **Ugwema kanjani umgunyathi:**
    * Uphawu «瑞安清明早» lukhona ngezindlela ezimbili — nesithombe kanye ne-pinyin. Ngokwesizinda sika-2019, izinkampani ezivunyelwe ukulusebenzisa zazingekho, ngakho-ke uphawu ephaketheni kufanele luhlolwe kumnikazi.
    * «Qingmingzao» kulebula kubiza uhlobo lwezitshalo; ngokwemininingwane, uhlobo lukhula nakwezinye izindawo zase-Zhejiang, ngakho-ke igama ngaphandle kwendawo yemvelaphi aliqinisekisi lutho.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi usuka esifundeni sedolobha i-Ruian.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Igama letiye negama lohlobo lwezitshalo ziyefana: uphawu luvikela igama lesihlahla esakhiwe ngokukhethwa endaweni eyodwa.
* I-«Wenzhou Daily» ithi ngo-2025 isandla sokuqala samaqabunga ohlobo salethwa ekuvulweni kwesizini ngendiza engenamshayeli, kanti enye yama-cooperative endawo yathenga izindiza ezingenamshayeli ezimbili — ukuthwala amaqabunga, ukuphakela izingadi nokulwa nezinambuzane.
* Ngokwesizinda sika-2019, uphawu olubhaliswe ngo-2012 lwalungenaye ngisho umsebenzisi oyedwa ovunyelwe.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **U-Wuniu Zao ([乌牛早](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuniu-zao)):** Olunye uhlobo lwasekuqaleni kakhulu lwase-Wenzhou; kusuka kulo kwenziwa kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu — i-Wuniu Zao Hongcha ([乌牛早红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wu-niu-zao-hong-cha)). Isibonelo sokuthi uhlobo lwasekuqaleni alulibeki isigaba.
* **I-Taishun Sanbeixiang ([泰顺三杯香](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taishun-san-bei-xiang)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda i-Taishun kusifunda esifanayo sase-Wenzhou.
* **I-Pingyang Huangtang ([平阳黄汤](https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingyang-huang-tang)):** Itiye eliphuzi lesifunda sase-Wenzhou; ngokwesihloko salo kule encyclopedia, ngokomlando lalenziwa nase-Ruian.
* **I-Wencheng Gongcha ([文成贡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wencheng-gongcha)):** Uphawu lwase-Wenzhou olungumakhelwane olune-«tribute» egameni, okukhishwa ngalo amatiye ezigaba ezahlukene.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Ruian Qingmingzao igama lohlobo lwezitshalo elaba uphawu: isihlahla se-clonal sasekuqaleni kakhulu esisuka endaweni yase-Pandai, uhlobo lwesifundazwe kusukela ngo-1992, uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo kusukela ngo-2012. Izincazelo zibonisa iqabunga eligoqwe ngokuqinile eliluhlaza okukhanyayo kanye noketshezi oluluhlaza okotshani okuthambile, kodwa isigaba somkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu asikho emqulwini otholakele, futhi uhlobo lwasekuqaleni lufaneleka nakwezinye izigaba. Intela yenkathi ye-Ming ihlala iyinganekwane, kanti inani lezinkampani ezivunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu ngo-2019 laliyiziro.