---
title: "Ama-slabs e-ginseng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/renshen-pian
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-31
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ama-slabs e-ginseng (人参片, rénshēn piàn)

Ama-slabs e-ginseng (人参片, *rénshēn piàn*) — yimpande ye-ginseng yangempela (*Panax ginseng*) esikwe kahle futhi yomisiwe, okuthi eShayina ithelwe ngamanzi ashisayo futhi iphuzwe njengembiliso, kuphinde kwengezwe nasemhluzweni othosisayo. Ake sicacise: loku akulona itiye ngomqondo wezitshalo — alikho ikhasi le-Camellia sinensis lapha, futhi isiphuzo ngokwaso singaphansi komkhakha wamatiye angawokubambelela noma ama-infusion ezitshalo (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*). Impahla eyinhloko yalokhu itshalwa enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe, ezintabeni zase-Changbaishan (长白山, *Chángbáishān*) esifundazweni sase-Jilin (吉林, *Jílín*). Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ama-slabs afakwa ethermos noma engilazini, aphinde afakwe emathisheni nasemithiniyeni, kanti impande uqobo lwayo isalokhu ingophawu lwempilo nokuphila isikhathi eside emasikweni amaShayina izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Emakethe kwahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko — i-ginseng ebomvu evuthiwe (老红人参片, *lǎo hóng rénshēn piàn*) ne-ginseng emhlophe (白人参片, *bái rénshēn piàn*), ezihluka ngendlela ecutshungulwa ngayo. Umkhiqizo kufanele wehlukaniswe ngokuqinile ne-ginseng oolong ([人参乌龙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/renshen-wulong), *rénshēn wūlóng*): lapho isisekelo yikhasi le-camellia, elinephunga elimnandi le-extract, kodwa lapha kuphekwa impande ngokwayo kuphela.

**1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

*   **Uhlobo:** i-infusion yezitshalo eziphuma empandeni eyomisiwe, into ebambelele esikhundleni setiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*).
*   **Izinhlobo Zezitshalo:** i-ginseng yangempela (*Panax ginseng* C. A. Meyer), umndeni wakwa-Araliaceae.
*   **Ingxenye Esetshenziswayo:** ikakhulukazi impande enentamo ye-rhizome.
*   **Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko:** i-ginseng ebomvu (红参, *hóngshēn*) ne-ginseng emhlophe (白参, *báishēn*), eyaziwa nangokuthi impande eluhlaza eyomiswe elangeni (生晒参, *shēngshàishēn*).
*   **Imvelaphi Yempahla:** enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, ikakhulukazi i-Jilin; kuphinde kube se-Liaoning (辽宁, *Liáoníng*) nase-Heilongjiang (黑龙江, *Hēilóngjiāng*).

Kubalulekile ukunemba lapha: i-Camellia sinensis ayikho emkhiqizweni, ngakho-ke akulona itiye ngomqondo oqinile. Ohlelweni lwezimpahla lwaseShayina, iziphuzo ezinjalo zifakwa kuhlu njenge-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*) — okungukuthi, ama-infusion empahla yezitshalo aphekwa esikhundleni setiye. Nokho, lomkhiqizo unesiko lawo lamakhulu eminyaka, indawo yawo kanye nobuchwepheshe bawo, futhi akulungile ukuwubheka njengento engeyona yangempela — uwuhlobo oluzimele. Ngokuhlukile, ake siphawule ukuthi uhlobo oluhlobene ngegama kodwa oluhlukile — i-ginseng yaseMelika (西洋参, *xīyángshēn*, *Panax quinquefolius*) — ithengiswa njengento eluhlaza ehlukile futhi ayifani ne-*Panax ginseng*.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

*   **Endulo:** i-ginseng ivela esikweni lamaShayina iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili; kukhulunywa ngayo encwadini yamakhambi yakudala ethi Shennong Bencao Jing (神农本草经, *Shénnóng Běncǎo Jīng*) njengekhambi lesigaba esiphezulu.
*   **Indawo Ngokomlando:** endulo, i-ginseng yase-Shangdang (上党, *Shàngdǎng*, manje eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Shanxi) yayikhethekile; ngemva kokuncipha kwezitshalo zasendle lapho, indawo yokuvuna yathuthela enyakatho-mpumalanga — e-GuanDong (关东, *Guāndōng*).
*   **Ubukhosi bakwa-Qing:** ababusi baseManchu babebheka i-Changbaishan njengendawo yokhokho futhi bamisa uhlelo lwezimvume zokuqoqa impande yasendle (参票, *shēnpiào*), bakhawulela lo msebenzi.

I-ginseng iyingxenye yokuphawuleka okuthiwa amagugu amathathu aseNyakatho-Mpumalanga (东北三宝, *dōngběi sān bǎo*) kanye noboya besable kanye notshani noma izimpondo (ngokuhlukahluka kwesisho). Impande yayiphiwa ngokwesiko njengophawu lwenhlonipho nesifiso sempilo enhle, futhi yayisetshenziswa emhluzweni othosisayo wamaholide. Phawula ukuthi mayelana ne-ginseng yomlando yase-Shangdang, abaphenyi abavumelani ngazwilinye: abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwaleli gama kwakungaba khona esinye isitshalo — impande yensimbi (党参, *dǎngshēn*, *Codonopsis pilosula*); udaba lusalokhu lunempikiswano.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla:**

*   **Uhlobo Lwempilo:** isitshalo esinezimbali esihlala iminyaka eminingi sibe nobude obucishe bube ngu-30 - 60 cm.
*   **Amaqabunga:** ama-palmatiquement compound, aqoqwe ndawonye esiqwini esingenalutho esicongweni sesiqu.
*   **Izimbali Nezithelo:** izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza-phuzi ezisakazweni; izithelo zingamadrupe afana namajikijolo abomvu ngokugqamile.
*   **Impande:** inyama, imvamisa inezinhlangothi eziphumela eceleni nezimpande ezincane; ukwakheka kuvame ukufana nomfanekiso womuntu, okuyilapho igama elithi 人参 (*rénshēn*) livela khona — ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi impande yomuntu.
*   **Ubudala bempahla:** impande yamasimu ivamise ukumbiwa onyakeni we-4 - 6; izitshalo zasendle zikhula amashumi eminyaka.

Igama lomkhakha *Panax* lisuselwa esiGrekini "panakeia" — okusho ukwelapha konke, okuyimpande efanayo negama elithi panacea. Inani lezimpahla linqunywa ubukhulu, ukuphelela, nokwakheka kwempande, futhi kuma-slabs — ubukhulu nokufana kwawo.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

*   **Indawo:** imiqansa yamahlathi epholile yase-Changbaishan nezintaba ezizungezile zaseNyakatho-Mpumalanga.
*   **Umhlabathi Nokukhanya:** imhlabathi ovundile, okhipha amanzi kahle, one-asidi encane; isitshalo sidinga umthunzi, ngakho amasimu ambozwa ngezintente noma atshalwa ngaphansi kombhede wehlathi.
*   **Izinhlobo Zokuvela:** i-ginseng yasemapulazini (园参, *yuánshēn*); i-ginseng yasendle yasezintabeni (山参, *shānshēn*); i-ginseng engaphansi kwehlathi engeyona yangempela yasendle (林下参, *línxiàshēn*) kanye neginseng etshaliwe esezintabeni (移山参, *yíshānshēn*).
*   **Izindawo Ezibalulekile:** isifunda sase-Fusong (抚松县, *Fǔsōng xiàn*) e-Jilin, esaziwa njengendawo yeginseng; kanye nezifunda ezingomakhelwane esifundazweni.

I-ginseng izwela kakhulu ekukhathaleni komhlabathi: endaweni eyodwa ayikwazi ukutshalwa kabusha iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kuhlale kuvulwa amasimu amasha. Umehluko phakathi kwe-园参 ne-山参 ubalulekile enanini nasenganambithekeni: impande yasepulazini inkulu futhi inambitheka kancane, kanti impande yasendle incane, iminyene, inephunga elinamandla futhi ibiza kakhulu.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

*   **Ukuvuna:** izimpande zimbiwa ekwindla, zihlanzwe umhlabathi, futhi zihlelwe.
*   **I-Ginseng Emhlophe (生晒参):** izimpande ezigeziwe (ngezinye izikhathi zikhishwe ikhasi) zomiswa elangeni noma emoyeni ofudumele; umbala uhlala ukhanya — kusuka ku-cream-yellow kuya ku-brown ephaphathekile.
*   **I-Ginseng Ebomvu (红参):** izimpande ezintsha ezikhethiwe ziyaphekwa ngesitimu amahora amaningana, bese zomiswa; ngenxa yokushisa, izicubu ziyacaca, zicwebezele njengengilazi, bese umbala uba yi-amber emnyama kuya ko-brown-bomvu.
*   **Ukusika:** impande eyomile isikwa ibe izingcezu ezincane (切片, *qiēpiàn*) — lena yifomu le-人参片.
*   **Ukuhlunga:** ngokobukhulu, ukwakheka, nokuphelela.

Ukwenza isitimu akuguquli nje umbala nokuminyana, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukonga: i-ginseng ebomvu ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ayonakali kalula kune-ginseng emhlophe. Ilebuli ethi "i-ginseng ebomvu evuthiwe" (老红, *lǎo hóng*) ivamise ukukhombisa impahla esezingeni eliphezulu noma esezingeni eliphakeme.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngokomzimba:**

*   **Ama-slabs abomvu:** ansundu-bomvu kuya ku-amber emnyama, acwebezelayo futhi acwebe njengengilazi, aqinile; iphunga lifudumele, linomunyu omnandi ncamashi; ukunambitheka kubaba futhi kunokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva (回甘, *huígān*).
*   **Ama-slabs amhlophe:** aphuzi-mhlophe kuya ko-brown ophaphathekile, awacaci kangako; iphunga lisha, linjengotshani nempande; ukunambitheka kumnene, ukubaba kuncane.
*   **I-infusion:** ephuzi ngokukhanyayo kuya ku-amber, icwebile; ekunambithekeni — kubaba kancane futhi kunokubuyela okumnandi.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

*   **Ginsenosides (人参皂苷, *rénshēn zàogān*):** ama-saponin e-triterpene — iqembu lezinhlanganisela eziphawulekayo kulo mkhakha; sekukhonjwe amashumi amaningana azo (Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rd, nezinye).
*   **Imikhiqizo Yesitimu:** lapho kucutshungulwa i-ginseng ebomvu, kwakheka ama-ginsenoside ayivelakancane (isib, Rg3, Rh1, Rh2), acishe angabikho empandeni entsha.
*   **Ama-polysaccharide e-ginseng:** iqembu elihlukile elikhona eliphenywayo.
*   **Okunye:** ama-amino acid nama-peptides, ama-polyacetylene, amafutha ayingcikitshi, ama-sterol, kanye namavithamini namaminerali.

Ukwakheka kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni (obomvu noma omhlophe), imvelaphi (eyasemapulazini noma yasendle), ubudala bempande, nendlela yokucubungula, ngakho-ke azikho izinombolo ezilinganiselwe ezifanayo zokuqukethwe kwezinto ezisebenzayo.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

*   **Okuvame ukucatshangwa esikweni:** emasikweni asekhaya nawemithi aseShayina, i-ginseng ithathwa njengendlela yakudala yokugcwalisa kakhulu i-qi yasekuqaleni, futhi ixhumene nokubuyisa amandla nomfutho ojwayelekile; ohlelweni lwendabuko lwabantu, ifakwa esigabeni esiphezulu sezinto ezithosisayo.
*   **Okuphenywa isayensi:** uphenyo lwesimanje lugxile kuma-ginsenoside nama-polysaccharide; i-ginseng ivame ukuchazwa ezincwadini njenge-adaptogen, nokho lena yisici sophenyo hhayi inkomba yezokwelapha eqinisekisiwe.

Kufanele kucaciswe ngokuqondile: ama-slabs e-ginseng angumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi, futhi akukho zethembiso zokwelapha okufanele zenziwe; izimangalo zezempilo ezithengiswayo ziwela ngaphandle kwemibandela ye-encyclopedia. Ezixwayisweni ezijwayelekile ezaziwayo, ngezwi elingathathi hlangothi sibala ukulinganisela ekusebenziseni; ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa; ukusebenzisana okungenzeka nemithi ethile, kuhlanganisa nama-anticoagulant; kanye nokuthi uma umfutho wegazi uphakeme, isimo sengqondo sivukile, noma uqwasha, ukusabela kungahamba ngomunye umuntu. Ezimeni eziyimpikiswano, ukubonisana nochwepheshe kuyalulekwa; imithamo ethile nezincomo azinikezwanga lapha.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

*   **Isilinganiso:** cishe ama-3 - 5 g ama-slabs (ama-2 - 4 izingcezu) ku-200 - 300 ml wamanzi.
*   **Amanzi:** ashisayo, 90 - 100 °C — impande eqinile idinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
*   **Izitsha:** ingilazi, i-gaiwan, i-thermos, noma i-teapot encane; ukubilisa emlilweni omncane kuyavunyelwa.
*   **Isikhathi nokuchithwa:** i-infusion yokuqala — imizuzu embalwa; impande ikwazi ukumelana nokuchithwa okuningi, imvamisa okungu-5 - 10.

Indlela ekahle yasekhaya — i-thermos infusion (焖泡, *mènpào*): ama-slabs athelwa ngamanzi abilayo, avalwe, futhi ashiywe imizuzu eyi-15 - 30 noma ngaphezulu, aphinde anezezwe amanzi phakathi nosuku. Ukuze kube nokunambitheka okunamandla, impande iyabiliswa imizuzu engama-20 - 40. Ama-slabs athambile ngemva kokuphuza ajwayele ukuhlafunwa. Ngokwesiko lasekhaya, i-ginseng ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nama-goji berries, izithelo ezibomvu ezomisiwe, noma uju — lolu udaba lokunambitheka, hhayi umphumela wokwelapha. I-infusion ijwayele ukuphuzwa ishisa; inguqulo ebandayo ingenzeka, kodwa ukuyiphaka ibandayo akuyona into ejwayelekile kulokhu okuluhlaza. Kubantu abazwelayo emthonjeni othosisayo, kunengqondo ukugwema i-infusion eqinile kusihlwa.

**10. Ukugcina:**

*   **Izimo:** indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama esitsheni esivalwe kahle.
*   **Izitha eziyinhloko:** umswakama, isikhutha, nezinambuzane — i-ginseng isengozini yalokhu.
*   **Ukugcina isikhathi eside:** ama-slabs avame ukugcinwa efrijini noma endaweni yefriza; i-ginseng ebomvu igcinwa kangcono kune-ginseng emhlophe ngenxa yesitimu.
*   **Ukuhlola:** hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi ayimanzi yini, ayilahlekelwa yiphunga, kanye nezimpawu zezilokazane.

Uma kugcinwe kahle, ama-slabs agcina ikhwalithi cishe iminyaka emi-2 - 3; ukuvela kwephunga elibi, ukunamathela, noma izibungu kuyisizathu sokulahla le mpahla.

**11. Intengo Nokwenziwa Okungemthetho:**

*   **Amazinga entengo:** ama-slabs asemapulazini (园参) — inani elicishe libe ngamakhulu ama-yuan ngekhilogremu; i-ginseng ebomvu evuthiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu ibiza kakhulu; i-ginseng yasendle yasezintabeni (山参) ibiza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa futhi ithengiswa ngekhilogremu noma ngamagremu.
*   **Ukwahluka:** inkomba yomphakeli kule nto ayinqunyiwe — intengo incike kakhulu ohlotsheni, ubudala, imvelaphi, nokuphelela kwempande.

Okufanele kubhekwe empahleni yangempela: kwi-ginseng ebomvu — ukwakheka okucwebezelayo njengengilazi, ukuminyana, umbala ofanayo onsundu-bomvu, nephunga elifudumele eliphawulekayo; kweyomhlophe — ukwakheka kwempande okulungile, imibimbi emincane eyindilinga, nephunga lempande elisha. Impande yasendle ephelele ihlolwa ngezici ezinhlanu (五形, *wǔ xíng*): intamo ye-rhizome enezibazi ezinjengendebe (芦碗, *lú wǎn*), imibimbi eqinile esontekile ehlombe, ukuma komzimba, isimo sesikhumba, kanye nezimpande ezincane ezinamathupha ayindilinga. Ezicucwini, lezi zici ziyalahleka, ngakho i-ginseng yasendle ithengwa iyimpande ephelele ukuze kube nokwethembeka.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwenza umgunyathi: ukuveza impande yasemapulazini njengeyasendle; ukuyifaka esikhundleni ngezinye izimpande — i-platycodon grandiflorus (桔梗, *jiégěng*), futhi okunobuthi obaziwayo i-poke (商陆, *shānglù*) kanye nempande yase-Huashan (华山参, *huàshānshēn*); ukwahlukanisa ngezinga nge-ginseng yaseMelika; ukwenza isindo ngoshukela (糖参, *tángshēn*); nokuthengisa impande osekukhishwe kuyo ama-ginsenoside kakade. I-ginseng yasendle eshibhile ngendlela esolisayo icishe ihlale ikhombisa umgunyathi, ngakho ke kuthembeke kakhulu ukuthenga kubaphakeli abaqinisekisiwe.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

*   **Igama-Nomfanekiso:** izinhlamvu 人参 (*rénshēn*) ngokwezwi nezwi zisho ukuthi impande yomuntu — ngenxa yokufana kwempande nesimo somuntu.
*   **I-Panacea egameni:** umkhakha *Panax* ngokomlando uhlobene negama elithi panacea.
*   **Isiko Eliphilayo:** amasiko okuqoqa i-ginseng e-Changbaishan (长白山采参习俗) ngonyaka wezi-2008 afakwa ohlwini lwamagugu kazwelonke angaphatheki esiko laseChina.
*   **Isiko Lokusingatha:** ukufunwa kwendabuko kwempande yasendle (放山, *fàngshān*) kuhambisana nolimi lwakho, izinkolelo, namasiko — ngokwesibonelo, ukubopha isitshalo esitholiwe ngentambo ebomvu.
*   **Inhloko-dolobha Ye-ginseng:** isifunda sase-Fusong sizimisa ngokusemthethweni njengendawo ye-ginseng yaseChina.
*   **Isimo Sokudla:** ngonyaka we-2012, i-ginseng etshaliwe eneminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu yafakwa ohlwini lwempahla yokudla entsha yaseChina, okuyinto eyavula ngokusemthethweni ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhiqizweni yokudla naseziphuzweni.
*   **Isimo Esimbaxambili:** ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ginseng isalokhu iyimpahla esemthethweni ye-pharmacopoeia yaseChina (中国药典, *Zhōngguó Yàodiǎn*).
*   **Isihlobo SaseKorea:** i-ginseng yaseKorea edumile (高丽参, *gāolíshēn*) ingaphansi kohlobo olufanayo lwe-*Panax ginseng*.

**Ekuphetheni:**

Ama-slabs e-ginseng — angummeleli oqavile wohlobo lwe-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*): ayaphekwa futhi aphuzwe njengezinga letiye, kodwa akalona itiye, ngoba awenziwa ngekhasi le-camellia, kodwa ngempande ye-*Panax ginseng*. Ngemva kwalomkhiqizo obukeka ulula kunamasiko aphelele — indawo yase-Changbaishan, ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwempande ebomvu nemhlophe, impande yasendle neyasemapulazini, amasiko okusingatha aseNyakatho-Mpumalanga, kanye nendima yempande yamakhulu eminyaka njengophawu lwempilo nenhlonipho.

Kufanele ufikile kuyo ngokuzola ngaphandle kokulindela okuyisimangaliso: lokhu kuwumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile onokunambitheka kwawo, iphunga, nendlela yokupheka i-infusion, hhayi umuthi. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwempahla eqinisekisiwe, ukunaka izimpawu zomgunyathi, nokulinganisela ekusebenziseni — yilokho kuphela okudingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukwazisa le nfusion ngekhwalithi yayo yangempela, uhlukanise amaqiniso ezimangelweni zokudayisa.