---
title: "Púkēng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/pukeng-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-07
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Púkēng chá (蒲坑茶)

**I-Pukeng Cha** (*Púkēng chá*, 蒲坑茶; emibhalweni yesiNgisi — i-Pukeng tea) itiye elimnyama lesifunda sase-Qingxin (清新区) sesifunda sasedolobheni i-Qingyuan (清远市) esifundazweni sase-Guangdong. Igama layo lisuselwa edolobhaneni lase-Pukeng (蒲坑村) elisesigodini sase-Shitan (石潭镇). Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026, ukukhiqizwa kugxile esigodini sase-Shitan, kanti iziphathimandla zesifunda, zicaphuna umlando wesifunda, zibhala ukuthi itiye lenziwa "esifundeni sase-Pukeng" salesi sigodi. Itiye elimnyama libizwa kanjalo kokubili ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nophiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe. Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bocwaningo buchazwa kanje: ukuqinisa ngesitimu, ukusonga okuphindaphindiwe, ukuminyana okumanzi, ukomisa kanye nokugcinwa isikhathi eside. Izakhamuzi zendawo, ngokubona kwababhali, ziphuza itiye elineminyaka emithathu kuya kwamashumi amabili ubudala.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elimnyama (黑茶, *hēichá*). Isigaba sibizwa kanjalo ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwango-2026 — "a type of dark tea", kanti uphiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe (2023) luqhathanisa i-Pukeng Cha "namanye amatiye esigaba se-黑茶" (其他黑茶类茶叶). Ukuthi isigaba sibhalwe kanjani embhalweni wezinga lesifunda akwaziwa: umbhalo ngokwawo awutholakalanga.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elimnyama lase-Guangdong; isitayela sesifunda, hhayi uhlobo lwesihlahla noma uphawu lomkhiqizi oyedwa.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Qingyuan (清远, *Qīngyuǎn*), isifunda sase-Qingxin (清新, *Qīngxīn*), isigodi sase-Shitan (石潭, *Shítán*), idolobhana lase-Pukeng (蒲坑, *Púkēng*). Umlando wesifunda, ocashunwe yiziphathimandla zesifunda, ubeka ukukhiqizwa "esifundeni sase-Pukeng" sesigodi sase-Shitan (产于石潭镇蒲坑一带).
* **Izinga lesifunda:** Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026, amasampula okucwaninga enziwe ngokwezinga lezolimo lendawo lesifunda sase-Qingxin (ocwaningweni — i-DB441827, ngaphandle kwenombolo yohlelo nonyaka). Likhishwe ngokuhlanganyela uphiko lwezolimo lwesifunda kanye nophiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe. Uhlobo lwase-Guangdong lwe-"Nanfang+" (南方+) ngo-2022 lwabhala ukuthi esifundeni kwakhiwe umbhalo 《蒲坑茶加工技术规范》 — "Imithetho Yobuchwepheshe Yokucubungula i-Pukeng Cha", elawula umkhiqizo ongakaqedwa (毛茶, *máochá*) kanye nenqubo yobuchwepheshe. Ukuthi umbhalo owodwa yini, imithombo ayikusho ngokuqondile. Kusizindalwazi sikazwelonke samazinga endawo awekho amarekhodi ka-蒲坑 no-蒲坑茶, umbhalo wezinga awutholakalanga.
* **Isibonakaliso sendawo:** Ngo-Septhemba 2022, isikhungo sezinsizakalo zezolimo esiphelele sesigodi sase-Shitan (石潭镇农业综合服务中心) sathumela ku-State Intellectual Property Office yase-China (国家知识产权局) isicelo sophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo "蒲坑茶". Ngokushicilelwa kwesifunda kusukela ngoJanuwari no-April 2023, isicelo samukelwe ukuthi sicutshungulwe (受理, *shòulǐ*); ngokubhaliswa kophawu imithombo etholakele ayibikanga. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026 lubiza i-Pukeng Cha "umkhiqizo wendawo onophawu lwesifunda" — lokhu kuyaphikisana nemibhalo esemthethweni, lapho kukhulunywa kuphela ngesicelo.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Emithonjeni etholakele azinikezwanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inkathi yase-Qing.** Uphiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe (2023) lubhala ukuthi i-Pukeng Cha "yangempela yendabuko" isukela enkathini yase-Qing (源于清代) futhi ingeyamatiye adumile endawo endabuko. Uphiko lucaphuna umlando wesifunda 《清新县志（1988-2005）》: ngawo, i-Pukeng Cha iyitiye eliyinhloko lesifunda sase-Qingxin, lenziwa esifundeni sase-Pukeng sesigodi sase-Shitan. Usuku oluqondile uphiko alulubizi.
    * **Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1830.** Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026, lucaphuna ushicilelo lwango-2020, lubhala ukuthi, ngokwamarekhodi omlando, izakhamuzi zendawo zaziphuzile leli tiye ngisho nangaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1830. Lawa marekhodi ngokwawo awanikezwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **I-Hong Kong ne-Macau.** Ingosi yezindaba yesiNgisi yase-Guangdong (2026) ibhala ukuthi kakade ngenkathi yase-Qing itiye lalifinyelela ezimakethe zase-Hong Kong nase-Macau. Ubufakazi obuyinhloko abukho emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **Ifa.** Ngokombiko we-"Nanfang+" (2022), i-Pukeng Cha kanye ne-Bi Jia Cha (笔架茶, *Bǐjià chá*) eduzane, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhiqiza, bafakwe ohlwini lwedolobha lwamagugu amasiko angaphatheki e-Qingyuan; ingosi yesiNgisi yeqembu lemidiya elifanayo (2026) ibiza unyaka — 2017. Uhlu ngokwalo emithonjeni etholakele aluvulekanga, futhi yomibili imibiko ivela eqenjini lemidiya elilodwa.
    * **2022.** Ngo-Septhemba — isicelo sophawu lwesifunda. NgoDisemba uphiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe lwamemezela ukwakhiwa edolobhaneni lase-Pukeng kweqoqo lezindawo zokusebenzela ezincane ze-Pukeng Cha (蒲坑茶小作坊集聚区). Ngokushicilelwa kwesifunda kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023, kulo kwahlala izindawo zokusebenzela eziyisithupha, kwasungulwa inhlangano yabalimi betiye yedolobhana yokulawula okujwayelekile kanye nelabhorethri evamile yokuhlola okusheshayo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nomkhiqizo ophelile.
    * **2023.** Ekuqeqeshweni esigodini sase-Shitan abalimi betiye baxoxa nochwepheshe be-South China Botanical Garden ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences kanye ne-Tea Institute ye-Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences ngokulandelela umsuka wezinto zokutshala (种源追溯, *zhǒngyuán zhuīsù*), ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo (品种筛选, *pǐnzhǒng shāixuǎn*), izici zokunambitha zetiye kanye nokumiswa kwezinga lomkhakha.
    * **2026.** Kwaphuma ucwaningo lwesayensi ngezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye ne-microflora ye-Pukeng Cha yeminyaka ehlukene yokuguga — ngokuhlola kwababhali ngokwabo, ucwaningo lokuqala oluphelele lwalolu hlobo (bheka isigaba 7).
* **Igama:** 蒲 (*pú*) — i-cattail, 坑 (*kēng*) — umgodi, indawo ecwilile; ndawonye lokhu yigama ledolobhana lase-Pukeng, kanti 茶 (*chá*) — itiye. Ukuthi kungani idolobhana liqanjwe kanjalo, imithombo etholakele ayikuchazi. Emibhalweni yesiNgisi igama libhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesiLatini ngaphandle kwamathoni — i-Pukeng. Isipelingi esitholakala emibhalweni yesiRashiya 浦坑 (ngezinhlamvu 浦, *pǔ*) emithonjeni yesiShayina asitholakali: zombili iziphathimandla zesifunda kanye nabezindaba babhala 蒲坑.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokombiko we-"Nanfang+" (2022), i-Pukeng Cha ingelinye "lamatiye asezintabeni" ayisishiyagalombili endawo esifundeni sase-Qingxin (笔架茶、蒲坑茶、骆坑茶、石坎木古营茶、鱼坝风云茶、秦皇山茶、禾云飞鹅茶、石马大坑茶). Isizindalwazi sesifunda ngo-2025 sabika ukuthi inhlangano yesifunda yokuhlinzeka nokuthengisa yethule "amatiye asezintabeni ayisishiyagalombili" ase-Qingxin (八大山茶, *bā dà shān chá*) ngesizini yesifundazwe yesiko letiye lendawo e-Yingde. Idolobhana lase-Pukeng, ngokombiko wesifunda wokuvuselela izindawo zasemakhaya, lakha intuthuko yalo ekuhlanganiseni itiye, amasiko kanye nezokuvakasha (茶文旅融合, *chá wén lǚ rónghé*).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Emithonjeni etholakele alubizwanga. Umsuka wezinto zokutshala kanye nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ngo-2023 kwakuphakathi kwezihloko abalimi betiye besigodi abaxoxa ngazo nochwepheshe (bheka isigaba 2).
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** I-"Nanfang+" ihlukanisa isifunda sase-Qingyuan ngezindawo ezintathu zetiye: itiye elibomvu elinesikhungo e-Yingde, itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme enyakatho kanye nendawo yamatiye anephunga eligugile (陈香, *chénxiāng*) evela ezinhlotsheni zamahlamvu aphakathi namancane, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Qingxin. Ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingavuthiwe eziya e-Pukeng Cha, imithombo ayikucacisi.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ubuchwepheshe, ngokocwaningo lwesayensi, buqala ngokuvunwa kweqabunga elisha. Isizini kanye nezinga lokuvuna — mangaki amahlamvu ehlumela ngalinye — emithonjeni etholakele akuchazwanga. Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2025 ngephrojekthi yokuphromotha yabafundi ubhala ukuthi amahlamvu athambile avunwa ngesandla ekuseni; lokhu kuyincazelo yokukhangisa, hhayi imfuneko yezinga.
* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Zingabhalwa ezingeni lesifunda, kodwa umbhalo walo awutholakalanga.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isigodi sase-Shitan sesifunda sase-Qingxin, isifunda sase-Qingyuan. Iziphathimandla zesifunda (2023) zixhumanisa ikhwalithi ye-Pukeng Cha nendawo yemvelo yendawo kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhiqiza, kodwa indawo ngokwayo abayichazi.
* **Indawo kanye nomkhiqizo:** Ngokombiko wesifunda wokuvuselela izindawo zasemakhaya (uhlobo lwango-2025, lushicilelwe ngoJanuwari 2026), ngaphansi kwe-Pukeng Cha esigodini sase-Shitan kukhona cishe ama-8900 mu (1 mu — cishe 667 m²), isivuno esiphelele setiye elomile — cishe amathani angu-694, inani lomkhiqizo — cishe izigidi ezingu-230 zama-yuan; unyaka wenkomba awukaboniswa. Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2025 ubiza ngaphezu kuka-8700 mu kanye nangaphezu kwama-320 t ngonyaka. Ukuthi ukwehluka emkhiqizweni kubangelwa yini — ukufakwa noma unyaka, — imithombo ayikuchazi.
* **Isimo sezulu kanye nendawo:** Idatha evela emithonjeni eyinhloko ayikho. Umbhalo ofanayo wesiNgisi ukhuluma ngesimo sezulu esishisayo kanye "nendawo yezintaba eziphakeme", kodwa awubizi ukuphakama.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Emithonjeni etholakele akukaboniswa.
* **Inhlabathi:** Emithonjeni etholakele ayichazwanga.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izindlela — amazinga okushisa, ubude besikhathi, umswakama — imithombo etholakele ayizinikezi, futhi uhlu lwezigaba kuyo luyahlukahluka. Incazelo eningiliziwe kakhulu inikezwa ucwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026. Amasampula alo enziwe ngokwezinga lesifunda, kanti uhlu lwezigaba ucwaningo lubiza ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko; ukuthi luthathwe embhalweni wezinga ngokwalo, ucwaningo alukusho.

1.  **Ukuvuna kweqabunga elisha.**
2.  **Ukuqinisa ngesitimu:** Isitimu simisa isenzo sama-enzyme eqabunga ngokwalo.
3.  **Ukusonga okuphindaphindiwe.**
4.  **Ukuminyana okumanzi:** Ocwaningweni — i-pile fermentation. Ematiyeni amnyama lesi sigaba ngokuvamile sibizwa [渥堆](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wodui) (*wòduī*): izinto ezingavuthiwe ezimanzi zigcinwa ezinqwabeni, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa kanye nama-microorganism iqabunga liba mnyama, futhi ukunambitha kuyathamba. Ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nge-Pukeng Cha, ucwaningo aluchazi.
5.  **Ukomisa.**
6.  **Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.**

Ezinye izincazelo azihambisani nalolu hlu noma aziphelele:

* Isizindalwazi sesifunda (2025), sixoxa ngohambo lwabafundi, sibiza izigaba ngemuva kokuvunwa kweqabunga kanje: ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) kanye nokufudumeza-ukomisa (烘焙, *hōngbèi*). Ukuminyana okumanzi akukho kulolu hlu.
* Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2025 ubhala ngokuqinisa ebhodweni, ukusonga kanye nokomisa kancane phezu kwezinkuni zikaphayini. Indlela yokuqinisa lapha yehlukile kunaleyo yocwaningo lwesayensi.
* Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 uchaza "ukuphinda kufakwe isitimu": iqabunga elicubungulwe kancane lithanjiswa ngesitimu, linikezwa isimo esiqinile, bese itiye ligugiswa ngokwemvelo. Igama lesiShayina lesigaba imithombo etholakele ayilinikezi.
* Uphiko lwesifunda lokulawula izimakethe (2023) lubiza ukucubungula okuningiliziwe (精制, *jīngzhì*) isigaba esibalulekile, lapho ikhwalithi incike khona, futhi lubhala ukuthi ngalokhu i-Pukeng Cha yehlukile kwamanye amatiye amnyama. Ukuthi luhlanganisani, uphiko alukuvezi.

**Ukuguga.** Ngokubona kwe-ethnobotanical kwababhali bocwaningo lwesayensi, izakhamuzi zendawo zibheka ukuguga isikhathi eside njengokudingekile ekunambithekeni futhi ziphuza itiye elineminyaka emi-3, emi-5, e-8, e-10, e-15 ngisho nama-20 ubudala.

**Itiye ku-pomelo.** Ngokombiko we-"Nanfang+" (2022), kwelinye lamabhizinisi edolobhaneni lase-Geshui (格水村) lesigodi sase-Shitan i-Pukeng Cha ifakwa kumapomelo asendle asikiwe (野生柚子) futhi izithelo ziyathungwa; umkhiqizo ubizwa 柚合茶 (*yòuhéchá*). Embhalweni ofanayo, ekulandiseni izincomo zikachwepheshe we-South China Agricultural University, itiye lepomelo (柚子茶) libizwa intuthuko entsha yamabhizinisi e-Pukeng Cha. Lokhu kuyimikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abathile, hhayi incazelo yesitayela.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Incazelo yokunambitha ngokwezinga emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Ngezansi kunezincazelo zokuphromotha zeziphathimandla zesifunda nabezindaba ezibonisa ukuthi zingezikabani.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo. Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 ubhala kuphela ukuthi ngokuphinda kufakwe isitimu iqabunga linikezwa isimo esiqinile.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Iziphathimandla zesifunda (2023) — lithambile, lijulile (气味香醇). Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 — itiye elisha linephunga lezimbali elilula, eligugile linamanothi agcwele kakhulu okuqhotsiwe nawokhuni anezimpawu zamakhambi okwelapha kanye nejujube elomisiwe. Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2025 — amanothi entuthu kanye nephunga le-orchid elide.
* **Ukunambitha:** Iziphathimandla zesifunda — "ubumnandi obungapheli" (甘味无穷, 2023) kanye "nokuhlanzekile, okusha, okunoshukela" (清冽甘爽, 2025). Imibhalo yesiNgisi — ukunambitheka okusha (2025); etiyeni eligugile — kugcwele kakhulu (2026).
* **Umbala wotshala:** Iziphathimandla zesifunda — ocacile (汤色清澈). Umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 — itiye elisha linombala o-amber ogqamile, eligugile limnyama kakhulu; umbhalo wango-2025 — oluhlaza okwegolide. Izincazelo zetiye elisha ziyaphikisana, isizathu imithombo ayisichazi.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izinkomba ze-physicochemical — izinto ezikhishwayo, ama-polyphenol, i-caffeine, ama-amino acid — emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Ucwaningo okuwukuphela kwalo olutholakele umsebenzi wango-2026 kuphephabhuku i-Food Chemistry: X ngezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye ne-microflora.

* **Amasampula:** Amasampula ayisithupha aneminyaka emi-3, e-5, e-8, e-10, e-15 kanye nama-20 ubudala avela kumkhiqizi oyedwa wesigodi sase-Shitan.
* **Izinto eziguquguqukayo:** 189 izinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi ama-alcohol, ama-aldehyde kanye nama-ketone.
* **Amagciwane:** 11 imindeni ehamba phambili; njengoba kugcinwa ukugcinwa kuqhubeka, ukubusa kusuka ku-Firmicutes kuya ku-Actinobacteriota.
* **Isikhunta:** Kubusa uhlobo *Aspergillus*.
* **Izixwayiso:** Imiphumela iphathelene namasampula omkhiqizi oyedwa, hhayi sonke isitayela. Ukuxhumana kwama-microorganism nephunga ocwaningweni kuyi-correlational, hhayi i-causal. Ababhali babiza umsebenzi wabo incazelo yokuqala ephelele yezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye ne-microflora ye-Pukeng Cha futhi bayibona njengesisekelo sokulawula ikhwalithi nokuhlola ubuqiniso.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo ayikho. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026 lwalufunda iphunga kanye ne-microflora, hhayi umphumela wetiye emzimbeni. Imibono evamile ngezinzuzo zetiye elimnyama ku-Pukeng Cha ayizange ihlolwe futhi ayinikezwanga lapha.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Idatha ngokwenziwa kwetiye le-Pukeng Cha ngokwalo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Ngezansi kunomkhuba ojwayelekile kuningi lamatiye amnyama; kuleli tiye awuzange uhlolwe.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C, njengakuniningi lamatiye amnyama.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–7 g nge-150 ml yamanzi.
* **Izitsha:** Iketela lobumba noma i-gaiwan (盖碗, *gàiwǎn*).
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
    2. Thela itiye.
    3. Geza itiye kafushane bese ukhipha amanzi.
    4. Ukuncishiswa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    5. Khipha ukuncishiswa ngokuphelele bese ukusabalalisa ezinkomishini.
    6. Phinda ukwenziwa kwetiye, unweba kancane ukuncishiswa isikhathi ngasinye; amatiye amnyama ngokuvamile abekezelela ukuphindwa okuningi.

Ukuthi ukwenziwa kwetiye kushintsha kanjani ngokuya ngokuguga — kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwamashumi amabili, — imithombo ayichazi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Izimo zokugcinwa imithombo etholakele ayizichazi. Umkhuba wendawo uyaziwa: ngokubona kwababhali bocwaningo lwesayensi, itiye liyagugiswa futhi liphuzwa lineminyaka efinyelela kwengu-20; umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 ubhala ukuthi itiye ligugiswa ngokwemvelo futhi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kulenza lijule futhi libaluleke kakhudlwana. Njengakuniningi lamatiye amnyama, livame ukugcinwa endaweni eyomile enomoya omuhle ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile namaphunga angaphandle, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi; lokhu kungumkhuba ovamile wesigaba, hhayi imfuneko ye-Pukeng Cha.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Idatha ngezintengo zokudayisa emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Ungabheki uphawu njengesiqinisekiso: uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo "蒲坑茶" kusukela ngo-2023, ngokwemithombo etholakele, lwaluvela nje lufakwe isicelo futhi lwamukelwa ukucutshungulwa, akukho datha ngokubhaliswa.
    * Hlola imvelaphi: isigodi sase-Shitan sesifunda sase-Qingxin sesifunda sase-Qingyuan, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong.
    * Hlola isipelingi: emibhalweni esemthethweni — 蒲坑茶; isipelingi 浦坑 emithonjeni yesiShayina asitholakali.
    * Khumbula ukuthi itiye ku-pomelo (柚合茶) lingumkhiqizo wamabhizinisi athile, hhayi indlela eyimpoqo ye-Pukeng Cha.
    * Qaphela ngokuguga okushiwoyo: indlela yokuhlola ubudala betiye etholakalayo kumthengi imithombo ayibizi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Iqoqo lezindawo zokusebenzela edolobhaneni lase-Pukeng, ngokushicilelwa kwesifunda (2023), liyiqoqo lokuqala lezindawo zokusebenzela zokudla ezincane ezakhiwe e-Qingxin kusukela isifunda sathatha isimo sesifunda esiyisibonelo sezifundazwe sokuphepha kokudla.
* Itiye linegama ledolobhana lase-Pukeng, kodwa umbhalo wesiNgisi wango-2026 ubiza "umnyombo wokutshala" elinye idolobhana lesigodi sase-Shitan, elibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesiLatini njenge-Dakeng.
* Umkhiqizo wesigodi imithombo iwulinganisela ngokuhlukile: umbiko wesifunda — cishe amathani angu-694 etiye elomile, umbhalo wesiNgisi — ngaphezu kwama-320 t ngonyaka.
* Isifunda sase-Qingxin (清新, *Qīngxīn*) kanye nohlobo lwesihlahla setiye i-Qingxin (青心, *qīngxīn*), okubhalwa ngaso ezihlokweni zama-oolong, ziyafana kokubili ngesiRashiya naku-pinyin, kodwa lezi yizinhlamvu ezahlukile nemiqondo ehlukile.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye afanayo:**

* **Hei Cha (黑茶):** Ukubuka konke kwesigaba setiye elimnyama.
* **Ancha ([安茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ancha)):** Itiye elimnyama lase-Anhui; i-Guangdong kulo iyimakethe yokuthengisa, hhayi indawo yokukhiqiza.
* **Liu Bao Cha ([六堡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/liu-bao-cha)):** Itiye elimnyama le-Guangxi engumakhelwane.
* **Gan Jie Cha ([柑桔茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gan-jie-cha)) kanye ne-Da Hong Gan ([大红柑](https://thetea.app/zu/article/da-hong-gan)):** Itiye ku-citrus ngesinye isisekelo setiye; i-Pukeng Cha ku-pomelo ingumkhiqizo wamabhizinisi athile.
* **Bi Jia Cha (笔架茶):** "Itiye lasentabeni" elingumakhelwane lesifunda sase-Qingxin; ngokwesiko, elilandelwa yi-"Nanfang+", kakade ngesikhathi se-Tang lalithengiswa kahle phesheya kwezilwandle.
* **Ying De Hong Cha ([英德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yingde-hongcha)) kanye ne-Da Ye Qing ([大叶青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dayeqing)):** Amatiye esifunda esifanayo sase-Qingyuan ezinye izigaba — elibomvu neliphuzi.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Pukeng Cha itiye elimnyama lase-Guangdong, eliqanjwe ngedolobhana lase-Pukeng esigodini sase-Shitan. Isigaba nendawo kuqinisekiswa yiziphathimandla zesifunda kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi lwango-2026. Ucwaningo olufanayo luchaza ubuchwepheshe bendabuko ngokuqinisa ngesitimu nokuminyana okumanzi, kanti izakhamuzi zendawo, ngokubona kwabo, ziphuza itiye elineminyaka efinyelela kwamashumi amabili ubudala.

Okuningi kusavulekile: umbhalo wezinga lesifunda, isiphetho sesicelo sophawu lwesifunda, indlela yokuqinisa — isitimu noma ibhodwe — kanye nokunambitha ngokwezinga, hhayi ngokukhangisa. Kulabo abafunda amatiye amnyama, i-Pukeng Cha ithakazelisa njenge tiye elimnyama elenziwe e-Guangdong uqobo: ezihlokweni zamanye amatiye amnyama lesi sifundazwe sivela kuphela njengemakethe yokuthengisa.