---
title: "Pōliǔ niángniang chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/poliu-niangniang-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Pōliǔ niángniang chá (坡柳娘娘茶)

**I-Polu Niangniang Cha** (*Pōliǔ niángniang chá*, 坡柳娘娘茶) — «itiye lamantombazane lasePolu», itiye elenziwa ngesandla lasedolobhaneni lasePolu (坡柳村) esifundeni saseZhenfeng eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuizhou. Iqabunga liqoqwa libe yinqwaba bese ligingqwa ngezandla libe njengengxenye yebhulashi lokubhala, yingakho amanye amagama — «itiye-bhulashi» (文笔茶) kanye «nebhulashi lika-zhuangyuan» (状元笔茶). «Niangniang», ngokwendaba kamabonakude waseGuizhou, — indlela yendawo yokubiza amantombazane angakashadi aneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa kuya kweyishumi nesishiyagalombili: ngokwesiko itiye laliqoqwa futhi lenziwa amantombazane esizwe samaBuyi. Imithombo ye-class ibiza ngegama elihlukile, futhi igama livikelwe kusukela ngo-2019.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-class ayikamiswanga ngokucacile. IYunivesithi yaseGuizhou (2022) ibiza itiye ngokuthi eliphuzi, futhi «indondo ekhethekile yegolide» walithola emqhudelwaneni wetiye eliphuzi; umbiko we-«Guizhou Daily» (2024) ufaka ekukhiqizeni ukubila (闷黄, *mēnhuáng*) — uphawu lwe-class ephuzi. Izidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 zinikeza uchungechunge oluhlukile: ukubuna, ukusonga, ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*) amahora angu-6–8, ukubunjwa, ukomiswa — lusondelene netiye elibomvu, nakuba idokhumenti ingayibizi i-class.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elenziwa ngesandla lomlando lesizwe samaBuyi; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, *Guìzhōu*), isifunda esizimele sase-Qianxinan-Buyi-Miao, isifunda sase-Zhenfeng (贞丰, *Zhēnfēng*), idolobhana lase-Longchang (龙场镇, *Lóngchǎng*), idolobhana lase-Polu.
* **Indawo yokuvikela:** Amadolobhana ase-Longchang, i-Wanlan (挽澜镇, *Wǎnlán*) kanye ne-Xiaotun (小屯镇, *Xiǎotún*) — ngokubhaliswa kuka-2019 amadolobhana okuphatha angu-57 kanye nemiphakathi. Izingqimba eziqhelile — amadolobhana aseZhetang empumalanga, i-Sanhe entshonalanga, i-Dianzi eningizimu kanye ne-Shuiyindong enyakatho.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 105°25′–105°38′ E, 25°19′–25°32′ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1853.** I-«Xingyi Prefecture Records» (《兴义府志》) ibika ukuthi itiye likhula «enxenyeni esenyakatho naseTunjiao» nokuthi «leli yitiye le-maojian». IYunivesithi ihambisa lezi zindawo neDongpan yamanje yesifunda saseXingbei kanye nedolobhana lasePolu. Igama lamanje alikho kulesi sicaphuno.
    * **Iminyaka.** IYunivesithi ilinganisela umlando wokukhiqiza nokuhweba njengeminyaka engaphezu kuka-500, umabonakude waseGuizhou — njengekhulu nangaphezulu.
    * **Intela.** Ngokwenganekwane, echazwa iyunivesithi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 edlule itiye lalipakishwa ngamahlumela ayi-100 «ebhulashini» nangamabhulashi ayi-16 «enqwabeni» cishe ye-jin elilodwa, lisongwe ngesilika obomvu futhi lithunyelwa njengentela. Umabonakude ubhala ukuthi itiye lalinikelwa ku-Emperor Qianlong; akukho dokhumenti yalokhu emithonjeni etholiwe.
    * **Uhwebo.** Ngokweyunivesithi, idolobhana lalikhiqiza amajin afinyelela ku-10,000 ngonyaka; emakethe eseduze yase-Poao kwakuhweba kakhulu ngetiye, futhi itiye lalifinyelela e-Baise e-Guangxi.
    * **Kuze kube ngama-1960** e-Polu kwakusenziwa ngesandla «itiye lezinqwaba» (把把茶, *bǎbǎ chá*). Amasu ayehanjiswa ngomlomo; kamuva kwahlala kuphela izinkampani ezincane zasekhaya ngaphandle kwe-standard eyodwa.
    * **2019.** Ngesimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya No. 213 sango-4 Septhemba 2019 itiye labhaliswa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo; inombolo yesitifiketi — i-AGI02755. Ingxoxo ngesicelo yaqhubeka kusukela ngomhla ka-15 Novemba kuya ku-14 Disemba 2018.
    * **2022.** I-Institute Yetiye yeNyuvesi yaseGuizhou yasiza inkampani yendawo ukulungisa ukukhiqiza, futhi kwavela i-standard yenkampani «坡柳娘娘茶加工技术规程». NgoJulayi itiye lathola «indondo ekhethekile yegolide» yomqhudelwano wesikhombisa wetiye eliphuzi laseChina «Mengding Huang Ya» — ngokuchaza kweyunivesithi, ngenxa yamaphuzu aphezulu kokubili ngokubukeka nangekhwalithi yangaphakathi. Imiklomelo yanikezwa ngomhla ka-1 Novemba embukisweni wetiye waseSichuan.
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 646 sango-23 Septemba 2025 itiye laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Igama:** «Polu» — igama ledolobhana, «niangniang» — indlela yendawo yokubiza amantombazane angakashadi.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwendaba kamabonakude, kumaBuyi itiye lisetshenziselwa ukwamukela izihambeli nezihlobo, futhi «itiye le-niangniang» ekuqaleni lalibiliswa ebhodweni lobumba elisemshikashikeni, ngezikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:** Izihlahla zasendaweni ezingapheli, ezisakazwa ngeziqu, kanye nohlobo lwe-龙井43 (*Lóngjǐng 43*) phakathi kwezinye ezifanele.
* **Izihlahla ezindala:** Ngokombiko we-«Guizhou Daily» (2024), e-Polu kunezihlahla zetiye ezindala ezingaphezu kuka-3,000, cishe ezingu-700 zimakwe ngamapuleti futhi ziyavikelwa. Uhlobo lwezitshalo kanye negama labantu bendawo akushiwongo emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa:** Ngokweyunivesithi, ihlumela elingamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwamane ubude — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamane.
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Entwasahlobo — ngemva kweQingming; ngokwendaba kamabonakude, ngezinsuku ezintathu ezingcono kakhulu zesizini, kusukela ngehora lesishiyagalombili kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ekuseni. Ekwindla — kusukela e-Liqiu kuya e-Hanlu, ngokwale phephandaba. Izidingo zokuvikela zivumela kuphela ukuqoqa ngesandla.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INingizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuizhou. Idolobhana lasePolu, ngokwendaba kamabonakude, lisezansi kwentaba iLongshan, emakhilomitheni angaphezu kwangu-20 ukusuka enkabeni yesifunda.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — ikakhulukazi ephuzi, ekhululekile, ejulile, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo.
* **Ukuphakama kanye nesimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane yezinombolo emithonjeni etholiwe; abakhiqizi bendawo bakhuluma ngezingadi eziphakeme ezinelanga eliningi.
* **Ukunakekelwa ngokwezidingo:** Umquba oyinhloko wezinto eziphilayo — ekupheleni kukaNovemba, ukujula okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-20, okungenani amakhilogremu ayi-1,000 nge-mu ngalinye; ukufaka umquba kabili, ngoMeyi-Juni nango-Okthoba-Novemba. Ezihlahleni ezincane — ukuthenwa kokubumba kathathu kuya kane, kungcono ngoMashi.
* **Isikali:** Ngokwesicelo sika-2018 — amahektha angu-2,800 kanye namatani angu-6,000 ngonyaka.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Imithombo ichaza ukukhiqiza kathathu, futhi izincazelo azihambisani.

**Okwendabuko** (iyunivesithi, 2022): ngemva kokulungisa iqabunga lisongwa ngezandla ethreyini yoqalo, liqoqwa libe yinqwaba futhi, ngokuliginqa phakathi kwezintende, licindezelwa libe njengebhulashi; inqwaba iboshwa ngentambo futhi yomiswa phezu kwamalahle angenantuthu noma elangeni. Akukho ukubila lapha.

**I-«Guizhou Daily»** (2024, itiye lasekwindla): ukubuna (晾青), ukulungisa (杀青), ukubila (闷黄), ukusonga (揉捻), ukubunjwa (做形), ukomiswa (干燥); ukulungisa nokusonga kwenziwa ngesandla.

**Izidingo zokuvikela** (2025):

1.  **Ukusakazwa (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
2.  **«Ukulungisa» (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ngokombhalo — ukusakazwa endlini kanye nokubuna elangeni.
3.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** imizuzu engu-30–45, kuze kube yilapho ijusi iqala ukunamathela ezandleni.
4.  **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** amahora angu-6–8 ku-28–35 °C kanye nomswakama womoya wama-40–60 %.
5.  **Ukubunjwa (造型, *zàoxíng*).**
6.  **Ukomiswa:** amahora angu-3–5 ku-60 °C, bese ukomiswa okwengeziwe ku-80 °C kanye nemizuzu emi-5 ku-130–140 °C ngephunga elimnandi.

I-standard yenkampani ka-2022 ayivulekile, futhi ukuthi isondelene naluphi uhlelo akushiwongo.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Inqwaba esesimweni sebhulashi lokubhala (呈毛笔形状).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Iphunga lomuthi wetiye:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — elilula (微香), elinobuhle betiye obujulile (茶韵深远); iyunivesithi ikhuluma ngephunga lezimbali lezihlahla ezindala ([古树](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushu-dashu-taidi-yesheng)花香).
* **Ukunambitha:** Ngokwezidingo — kulula futhi kuhle, nokubuya okumnandi nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside (入口淡雅回甘); e-university — kuminyene, kuthambile futhi kumnandi.
* **Umbala womuthi wetiye:** Isagolide-ophuzi, osobala (金黄透亮). Itiye lasekwindla, ngokwe-«Guizhou Daily», linikeza umuthi obukhanya bomvu (红亮).
* **Indawo yetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholiwe.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

| Inkomba | Isidingo sokuvikela |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | okungenani ngaphansi kwe-6,5 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | okungenani ngaphansi kwe-7,0 % |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | okungenani ngaphezu kwe-36,0 % |

Ayikho eminye imininingwane emithonjeni etholiwe.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba we-class. Ayikho imingcele yaleli tiye ngqo, futhi i-class iyaphikisana; ngezansi kukhona imingcele evamile yetiye eliphuzi.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 85–90 °C; ngetiye lasekwindla elinomuthi obomvu — 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma ingilazi ecacile.
* **Inqubo:** Ukuphisa kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa, bese kuba ukuphisa okuningana ngokwengeza kancane isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba we-class. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholiwe; ngokwe-«Guizhou Daily» (2024), itiye elenziwe ngesandla lithengiswa eZhejiang, eFujian naseGuangdong.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela emadolobhaneni aseLongchang, eWanlan noma eXiaotun.
    * Uphawu oluyinhloko — inqwaba esesimweni sengxenye yebhulashi, umuthi wetiye usagolide-ophuzi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokwesiko lona umsebenzi wamantombazane: ukuqoqa — izinsuku ezintathu ezingcono kakhulu zesizini, kusukela ngehora lesishiyagalombili kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ekuseni.
* Ikhronike ka-1853 ibiza itiye lalezi zindawo ngokuthi «maojian».
* I-«Guizhou Daily» embikweni ka-2024 ibhala igama ngomunye umlingiswa — 孃孃 esikhundleni sika-娘娘.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye eGuizhou kanye namatiye aphuzi:**

* **I-Haima Gong Cha ([海马宫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/haima-gong-cha)):** Elinye itiye lomlando laseGuizhou, i-corpus elibeka ku-class ephuzi.
* **I-Mengding Huang Ya ([蒙顶黄芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mengding-huang-ya)):** Itiye eliphuzi laseSichuan, eligama lalo liqanjwe umqhudelwano ka-2022.
* **I-Pu'an Hongcha ([普安红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/puan-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseQianxinan; uphawu lwalo lwabhaliswa ngesimemezelo esifanayo sika-2019, futhi indawo ifaka isifunda saseZhenfeng.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Polu Niangniang Cha — itiye elenziwa ngesandla ledolobhana lamaBuyi, eligingqwe libe yingxenye yebhulashi lokubhala. Emuva kwayo kukhona umugqa wekhronike ka-1853, inganekwane ngentela kanye nesiko lokuqoqa kwamantombazane, futhi kusukela ngo-2019 — ukuvikelwa kwegama. I-class imithombo ibiza ngegama elihlukile: iyunivesithi nomqhudelwano — njengephuzi, izidingo zokuvikela zichaza ukuvutshelwa kwamahora amaningi.