---
title: "Píngnán xiǎozhǒng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingnan-xiaozhong
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Píngnán xiǎozhǒng (屏南小种)

**I-Pingnan Xiaozhong** (*Píngnán xiǎozhǒng*, 屏南小种) itiye elibomvu lasentabeni lohlobo lwe-xiaozhong lwesifunda sase-Pingnan (屏南县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Ningde, esifundazweni sase-Fujian. IPingnan, ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, iyisifunda esiphakeme kunawo wonke e-Fujian ngokwesilinganiso sokuphakama, esingamamitha angu-830, futhi imibhalo yendawo igcizelela "umlingiswa wasentabeni" (高山韵) waleli tiye. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi kusukela ngo-2018; umnikazi wophawu yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda, futhi yona ngo-2024 yakhipha izinga leqembu, lapho "屏南小种" libizwa ngokuqondile ngetiye elibomvu le-xiaozhong.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), i-xiaozhong (小种, *xiǎozhǒng*). Ophawini ngokwalo ikilasi alibhaliwe: umkhiqizo ubalwa nje ngokuthi "itiye" (茶). Ikilasi lichazwa yizinga leqembu T/PNCX 0002—2024 «屏南小种红茶»: ngokwencazelo yalo, ngokulandisa kwesango lezindaba, "itiye elibomvu le-xiaozhong" ngaphansi kophawu lwesitifiketi «屏南小种». Ngaphambilini ikilasi laliqinisekiswa izincazelo zabathengisi kuphela.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lasentabeni le-xiaozhong lasempumalanga ye-Fujian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi (2018).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wase-Ningde (宁德, *Níngdé*), isifunda sase-Pingnan (屏南, *Píngnán*).
* **Indawo:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza isifunda sase-Pingnan njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu — lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso somthetho somngcele wendawo. Isango lezinkomba lezindawo ezikhethiwe libhala indawo njengendawo yokuphatha yesifunda esebenzayo; imithetho yophawu lapho indawo ibekwe khona angizange ngiyibone.
* **Uhlelo lokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi (证明商标) № 23702418, ikilasi 30, umkhiqizo — itiye. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026: lubhaliswe zingama-28 kuMfumfu 2018, umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda sase-Pingnan (屏南县茶业协会), ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
* **Izixhumanisi zejografi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Isifunda.** Ngokwesithenjwa sesango, kusukela eTang kuze kube sekuqaleni kweQing izindawo zase-Pingnan zazingaphansi kwesifunda sase-Gutian endaweni yase-Fuzhou; isifunda esizimele sase-Pingnan sasungulwa ngo-1735.
    * **1740.** Ngokoshicilelo lwezindaba lwango-2024, "Umlando Wesifunda sase-Pingnan" wokuqala ubhala ngetiye kanje: «茶之属，各山皆有，或似武彝，或似松萝，惟产于岩头云雾中者佳» — itiye likhona kuzo zonke izintaba, ezinye zifana nesase-Wuyishan, ezinye zifana nesase-Songluo, kodwa elingcono kakhulu likhula emadwaleni phakathi kwamafu nenkungu.
    * **I-Qing nokuqala kweRiphabhuliki.** Isithenjwa sesango sibeka ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu lase-Pingnan ekuqaleni kwe-Qing, kanti ukuchuma kwaso kwaba sekupheleni kwe-Qing naseminyakeni yokuqala yeRiphabhuliki, lapho lalingumkhiqizo oyinhloko wesifunda, ngokwesithenjwa. Umbhalo ofanayo uthi ekuqaleni kwe-Qing itiye elibomvu lendawo lalibizwa nge-«外山小种» — "i-xiaozhong yezintaba ezingaphandle", nokuthi phakathi kwezimpawu zesitolo setiye «六合春» somndeni wakwaZhou wase-Shuangxi, wasekupheleni kwe-Qing nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki, kukhona uphawu «新山小种».
    * **Ukuvuselelwa.** Ngokwencazelo yomthengisi, i-xiaozhong yase-Pingnan yavuselelwa ihhovisi lesifunda lezindaba zetiye kanye nongcweti bendawo.
    * **Amagugu.** Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye elibomvu le-xiaozhong lase-Pingnan bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu amasiko angaphatheki ezingeni ledolobha (ushicilelo lwezindaba, 2024); unyaka wokufakwa angiwutholanga.
    * **2018.** Ukubhaliswa kophawu lwesitifiketi № 23702418.
    * **2024.** Mhla ziyi-13 kuNdasa inhlangano yetiye yesifunda yashicilela amazinga amathathu eqembu kanyekanye: «凤茶» (T/PNCX 0001—2024), «屏南小种红茶» (T/PNCX 0002—2024) kanye ne-«鹫峰乌龙茶» (T/PNCX 0003—2024). Ngokoshicilelo lwezindaba, inhlangano yetiye yesifunda okokuqala yakhipha amazinga ezinhlobo ezintathu zetiye ngasikhathi sinye.
* **Igama:** «Pingnan» — igama lesifunda; «xiaozhong» (小种) — "uhlobo oluncane", igama lendabuko lamatiye abomvu ase-Fujian alolu hlobo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokoshicilelo lwezindaba, e-Pingnan kuyinkambiso ukupheka itiye neqanda (蛋茶, *dànchá*), futhi cishe yonke imindeni yayikwazi ukwenza itiye. Abathengisi babhala "ngomlando weminyaka engamakhulu amane"; lesi sibalo asiqinisekiswanga ngumbhalo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo lwesityalo:** Izinga leqembu likhuluma "ngezinhlobo ezifanele i-xiaozhong ebomvu yasentabeni yase-Pingnan", ngaphandle kokuzibiza ekulandiseni. Isithenjwa sesango sibiza isisekelo somlando ngokuthi uhlobo lwendawo olunamaqabunga amancane «菜茶» (*[càichá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/caicha)*) — inani lembewu.
* **Amasimu:** Ngokoshicilelo lwezindaba, esifundeni kusekhona izindawo ezinkulu ze-菜茶 yendawo endala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10 ze-mu ngokubalwa okungaphelele; kulezi zinto ezingavuthiwe kwenziwa itiye elibomvu le-xiaozhong, itiye eliluhlaza netiye elimhlophe. Eduze kwazo eminyakeni yamuva kutshalwe cishe izinkulungwane eziyi-10 ze-mu zezinhlobo u-Rougui ([肉桂](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rou-gui)), Shuixian ([水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)), Jinguanyin ([金观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-guanyin)) ne-Jinmudan ([金牡丹](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-mudan)).
* **Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. Indawo Yokutshala kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** IMpumalanga ye-Fujian, izintaba zesifunda sase-Ningde; ngokoshicilelo lwezindaba, isifunda siphakathi "nendawo emaphakathi kwezindawo eziningana ezidumile zetiye".
* **Ukuphakama:** Isilinganiso sokuphakama kwesifunda singamamitha angu-830, esikhulu kunazo zonke ezifundeni zase-Fujian (ushicilelo lwezindaba ngokwamazwi esikhungo sesifunda sokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye). Ukuphakama kwamasimu ngokwawo akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isisho sendawo esithi «一山有四季，十里不同天» — "entabeni eyodwa kunezinkathi ezine zonyaka, emakhilomitheni ayishumi isimo sezulu sesihlukile" — sichaza izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene zezintaba. Isikhungo sesifunda sixhuma nalokhu ukusha nobumnandi bokunambitheka kwetiye lendawo.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izinga leqembu lango-2024, ngokulandisa koshicelelo lwezindaba, libeka ukulandelana okulandelayo — lena incazelo ye-xiaozhong yase-Pingnan ngokuqondile:

1.  **Ukucubungula kokuqala:** ukuvuna, ukubunisa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), ukufakwa komoya (发酵, *fājiào*), "ukudlula ebhodweni elibomvu" (过红锅, *guò hóngguō*), ukubhema nokushisisa (熏焙, *xūnbèi*), ukomisa.
2.  **Ukuqedela:** ukuhlunga, ukuqinisa iphunga, ukupakisha.
3.  **Isimo:** itiye elixegayo noma elicindezelwe.

Izigaba «过红锅» kanye ne-«熏焙» zinamagama afanayo nawase-Wuyishan zhengshan xiaozhong. Amapharamitha — izinga lokushisa, ubude besikhathi, uphethiloli wokubhema — awekho ekulandiseni, futhi ukuthi iphunga linentuthu yini, imibhalo etholakele ayikusho.

Isithenjwa sesango sichaza ubuchwepheshe bomlando kafushane: ukubunisa, ukusonga (noma ukusika), ukufakwa komoya nokomisa — ngaphandle kokubhema. Ukuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani nezinga, ngemibhalo etholakele akucaci.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokubukeka:**

Izincazelo ezivela emithonjeni ehlukene ziyaphikisana, ikakhulukazi embala woketshezi; izinga elinezimfuneko zokubukeka angizange ngilibone.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Izisongo eziminyene nezigcwele, ezimnyama ezicwebezelayo (条索紧结肥壮，色泽乌润) — ngokwesithenjwa sesango.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga loketshezi:** Eliphezulu, elisha futhi elimnandi (香气高而鲜甜) — ngokwesithenjwa sesango; umthengisi ubhala ngethoni lezimbali nezithelo.
* **Ukunambitha:** Isithenjwa sesango: «耐泡而不浓烈、厚重而不煞口、馨香而不生腻» — simelana nokuthelwa kaningi kodwa asibuhlungu, sinzima kodwa asibambeki, sinephunga elimnandi kodwa asidini; sisha, simnandi futhi bushelelezi.
* **Umbala woketshezi:** Lapha imithombo iyaphikisana. Isithenjwa sesango sibhala «红浓» — obomvu okuminyene; umthengisi — osagolide-osawolintshi.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe):** Eligcwele, elibomvu kancane (叶底肥壮尚红) — ngokwesithenjwa sesango.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane yamakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Thela itiye ngamanzi.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
    4. Khipha uketshezi ngokuphelele.
    5. Phinda, unwebe kancane isikhathi sokuphisa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, epakishweni eliqinile, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yokweba:**

Ayikho imininingwane yamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi «屏南小种» № 23702418.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Pingnan.
    * Khumbula ukuthi izinga leqembu liwumbhalo wokuzithandela wenhlangano, hhayi umthetho kahulumeni.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Igama elidala elithi «外山小种» — "i-xiaozhong yezintaba ezingaphandle" — lime ngakwelinye ne-«[正山小种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)», "i-xiaozhong yezintaba zangempela" zase-Wuyishan.
* Usuku olulodwa lwango-2024 lwanikeza isifunda amazinga amathathu ezinhlobo ngesikhathi sinye: i-xiaozhong ebomvu, i-oolong «鹫峰乌龙茶» kanye ne-«凤茶» — itiye eliphuzi elifakwa umusi futhi licwiliswe.
* Phakathi kwemikhuba yendawo kukhona itiye eliphekwe neqanda.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-xiaozhong namatiye abomvu ase-Fujian:**

* **I-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种):** Itiye elibomvu elibhemayo lase-Tongmu ezintabeni zase-Wuyishan; amagama afanayo ezigaba «过红锅» kanye ne-«熏焙».
* **I-Gankeng Xiaozhong Hongcha ([干坑小种红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gankeng-xiaozhong-hongcha)):** I-xiaozhong engumakhelwane we-Tongmu yesifunda sase-Guangze, nayo inegama layo elivikelwe.
* **I-Tanyang Gong Fu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lomasipala ofanayo wase-Ningde.
* **I-Tianshan Lü Cha ([天山绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianshan-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Tianshan, indawo yalo ehlanganisa nesifunda sase-Pingnan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Pingnan Xiaozhong itiye elibomvu lasentabeni lesifunda esiphakeme kunawo wonke e-Fujian. Uphawu lwango-2018 luvikela igama, kanti izinga lango-2024 liqinisekisa ikilasi nobuchwepheshe "ngebhodwe elibomvu" nokubhema nokushisisa. Ukubukeka emithonjeni kuchazwe ngokuhlukile, ikakhulukazi umbala woketshezi, ngakho ngenkomishi kungcono ukwahlulela ngeqoqo elithile.