---
title: "Píngjiāng yānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingjiang-yancha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Píngjiāng yānchá (平江烟茶)

**Pingjiang Yancha** (*Píngjiāng yānchá*, 平江烟茶) — «itiye elibhemayo lasePingjiang» lesifunda sasePingjiang (平江县) emkhakheni wedolobha iYueyang enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseHunan. Uhlamvu 烟 (*yān*) lusho «intuthu»; negama le-wuyi rock tea 岩茶 lifana nje ngokuzwakala. Iqabunga likhandwa kathathu futhi libhenywe kathathu, kanti phakathi kokubhenywa kwesibili nokwesithathu liyavuthwa kuze kube phuzi. Imibhalo yenkomba yokuvikela indawo ihlela lolu hlobo lwetiye njengeliphuzi; iqabunga lalo limnyama-nsundu, umutsha walo usagolide, iphunga lawo linentuthu. Kusukela ngo-2020 leli gama livikelwe njengenkomba yezolimo yendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, *huángchá*), elibhemayo. Kuhlelo olusemthethweni kukhona ukuvuthwa (闷黄, *mènhuáng*), kanti iphephandaba lemboni i-«China Food Safety News» libhala ngokuqondile: «属于黄茶类», «lingaphansi kwamatiye aphuzi».
* **Umehluko:** Imibhalo yesifunda ibiza itiye ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi «elivuthiwe» (熟茶), ngezinye ngokuthi «elingagaywanga»; lezi izindlela zokukhangisa zendawo, isigaba lapha sinikezwa ngokwemibhalo yokuvikela.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliphuzi elibhemayo elenziwe ngeqabunga elisencane elinamacembe amabili kuya kwamane; umkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseHunan (湖南, *Húnán*), umkhandlu wedolobha iYueyang ([岳阳](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yueyang-huangcha-zhixiang), *Yuèyáng*), isifunda sasePingjiang (平江, *Píngjiāng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amadolobhana namakhosi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye esifundeni, izigodi zokuphatha ezingama-447 — kusukela eSanshi (三市镇) kuya eMujin (木金乡). Ngokwemininingwane ekhonjwayo, ngo-2019 itiye lalivunwa kumahektha angama-8000 futhi kwakhiqizwa amathani ayi-1500; umthombo wokuqala walezi zibalo awutholakalanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 28°29′24″–29°10′16″ N no-113°15′30″–114°15′17″ E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Izimpande zasendulo.** I-«China Food Safety News» icaphuna umbhalo wangaleso sikhathi waseWestern Jin othi «Jingzhou tudi ji» (荆州土地记): itiye ePingjiang laqala ukutshalwa ngeminyaka yeYuankang (元康), 291–299. Ingcaphuno ivela emthonjeni wesibili.
    * **1875.** Ngokusho kwabezindaba baseHunan, ngonyaka wokuqala kaGuangxu kwavulwa isitolo setiye esithi «Fushan Qing Hao» (阜山青号), esasigxile ekucubunguleni itiye elibhemayo.
    * **1884.** Edolobhaneni laseDanjiang esigodini saseSanshi (三市镇淡江村) kwatholakala itshe lombhalo lonyaka we-10 kaGuangxu. Umbhalo, ngokusho kwaleli phephandaba, uthi: «平江烟茶生幕阜与连云之间，上等茶谷雨前后采，煮捞揉捻凉爽后再烟焙» — itiye elibhemayo lasePingjiang likhula phakathi kwezintaba zeMufu neLianyun, elisezingeni eliphezulu livunwa eduze komkhosi weGuyu (谷雨, *gǔyǔ*), iqabunga liyabiliswa bese likhishwa, liyakhanywa, liyapholiswa bese kuphela libhenywa ngentuthu.
    * **Itiye elenzelwe umndeni.** Ngokwemibhalo yesifunda, itiye elibhemayo lalenziwa isikhathi eside ukwenzela ikhaya, hhayi ukuyithengisa. Ngo-2014 kanye nedolobhana laseDanjiang kwasungulwa umfelandawonye wabalimi, futhi itiye laqala ukukhiqizwa ngophawu lwe-«Guyu Yancha»; ngokusho kwabezindaba besifunda, imisebenzi yezandla engu-18 yendabuko yancishiswa yaba yishumi, kugcinwa ukukhanda, ukuvuthwa ngokwemvelo kanye nokubhenywa ngamalahle ezinkuni.
    * **2018.** NgoDisemba kwasungulwa i-Pingjiang Yancha Research Institute (平江县烟茶研究院).
    * **2020.** NgoMeyi 29 itiye ladlula ekuhlolweni kwesifundazwe, ngoSepthemba 28 — kukhomishana kazwelonke ye-China Green Food Development Center. Umthombo okhonjwayo ubeka ukubhaliswa kwenkomba yezolimo yendawo ngoDisemba 25, 2020 futhi ubiza isimemezelo sikangqongqoshe esinguNombolo 378; umbhalo wesimemezelo awutholakalanga.
    * **2016 kanye no-2021.** Ngokusho kwabezindaba besifunda, i-«Guyu Yancha» ngo-2016 yaqashelwa njengamagugu angabonakali asezingeni ledolobha laseYueyang, kanti ngo-2021 ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwayo bangena ohlwini lwesihlanu lwesifundazwe saseHunan.
    * **2025.** I-National Intellectual Property Administration ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 640 yaqashela igama njengomkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo; umfakisicelo kwakuyinhlangano yocwaningo lwetiye elibhemayo.
* **Igama:** «Pingjiang» (平江) — igama lesifunda; «yan» (烟) — «intuthu»; «cha» (茶) — itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Imibhalo yesifunda ichaza indlela yasendaweni yokuphuza itiye elibhemayo: enkomishini kufakwa izinhlamvu ezimbalwa ze-«teapepper» (茶椒, *chájiāo*), kanti ekugcineni iqabunga liyadliwa kanye nensalela yomutsha. Ukuphuza okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi 呷茶 (*xiā chá*); ngokombhalo wesifunda, ngale ndlela isimenywa sibonisa ukwamukela itiye lomnikazi, kanti indaba ka-2025 yengeza ukuthi ePingjiang itiye «aliphuzwa» kodwa «liyadliwa» (吃茶, *chī chá*). Ukunamathela kwaleli tiye umbhalo wesifunda ka-2021 ukudlulisa ngesisho esithi «宁可一个月饭碗里无腊肉，不可茶碗里一日无烟茶» — «kungcono inyanga ngaphandle kwenyama eyomile emganwini kunosuku ngaphandle kwetiye elibhemayo enkomishini»; komunye umbhalo waseHunan sifushane: «宁可三日无肉，不可碗里一日无烟茶». Indaba ka-2025 iphinde ikhumbule ukuthi esizukulwaneni sobabamkhulu amaqabunga etiye ayehlanganiswa namaqabunga amancane e-holly (枸骨, *gǒugǔ*) ngesikhathi kwenziwa itiye, futhi itiye lalithola iphunga elikhethekile.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza inani lendawo lasesifundeni lwetiye elibhemayo lasePingjiang (平江烟茶群体品种) kanye nohlobo olukhethiwe 槠叶齐 (*zhūyèqí*). Imibhalo ngophawu lwe-«Guyu Yancha» ikhuluma ngohlobo lwendawo lwasendle olunamacembe amakhulu; imithombo ayichazi ngokwengeziwe isisekelo sezitshalo.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Iziqongo zamahlumela kusukela eqabungeni elincane elinamacembe amabili kuya eqabungeni elinamacembe amane noma ukuthamba okulinganayo — aphelele, amasha, alinganayo futhi ahlanzekile.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Ukuvuna okuhle kakhulu, ngokombhalo ka-1884, kuseduze komkhosi weGuyu.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Inyakatho-mpumalanga yeHunan, lapho kuhlangana khona iHubei neJiangxi: amahlathi, amagquma, izigodi. Ngokwencazelo yesifunda ka-2020, izintaba zeLianyumshan (连云山) neMufushan (幕阜山) eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1600 m zivimba umoya ofudumele oswakeme ovela eningizimu, kanti ovela enyakatho — obandayo.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ukuphakama kwezingadi akutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwencazelo efanayo — izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo liyi-16,8 °C, izinsuku ezingenaqhwa ziyi-295, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora ayi-1731, imvula engu-1450,8 mm; izinkungu zezintaba nokukhanya okuningi okusakazekile.
* **Inhlabathi:** Izihlabathi eziphuzi, ungqimba oluwugqinsi olukhululekile oluvundile nokungenisa umoya okuhle.
* **Ukuminyana kwehlathi:** 63,35 %; umfula iMiluojiang (汨罗江) uhamba ngesifunda amakhilomitha ayi-192,9.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Uhlelo lwemisebenzi eyishumi nane lubekwe yimibhalo yokuvikela; izindlela — ngokwezidingo zika-2025.

1.  **Ukugeza (水洗, *shuǐxǐ*):** Iqabunga elisha ligezwa ngamanzi omthombo wasezintabeni — umsebenzi ongavamile etiyeni.
2.  **Ukubuna (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Ungqimba olungaba ngu-5 cm, ngaphansi kuka-28 °C, amahora angu-6–12; iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama ongu-10–20 %, iphunga lotshani liyanyamalala.
3.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ngokukhetha — ukugazinga epanini lensimbi ku-160–200 °C nge-1–1,5 kg, imizuzu engu-5–12; ukubilisa emanzini abilayo (捞青, *lāoqīng*) nge-1,5–2,5 kg, kuze kube iqabunga liba luhlaza-phuzi; noma umshini wezigubhu ku-180–260 °C.
4.  **Ukukhanda kokuqala (初揉) nokuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块).**
5.  **Ukubhenywa kokuqala (初熏, *chūxūn*):** Iqabunga libekwa ngokulinganayo ku-«chagan» (茶炕, *chákàng*) — isikhuseli sikaqalo esakhiwe ngendlela yesigqoko sasendulo sesikhulu — bese libhenywa; okokubasa — amagobolondo embewu yetiye, umvini, amalahle kaphayini, izithelo ze-liquidambar kanye nekhasi elidala lika-mandarin; umvini ohlwini uqanjwe ngohlobo — 扁担藤 (*biǎndanténg*). 60–80 °C, imizuzu engu-15–20, ukuphenduphendula njalo ngemizuzu emi-5–8.
6.  **Ukukhanda kwesibili nokuhlukanisa izigaxa.**
7.  **Ukubhenywa kwesibili (复熏):** 70–90 °C, imizuzu engu-15–20.
8.  **Ukuvuthwa (闷黄, *mènhuáng*):** Itiye liyahlanganiswa libe inqwaba engu-20–25 cm endaweni eyomile enomoya ngaphandle kwelanga okuqondile amahora angu-1–4.
9.  **Ukukhanda kwesithathu nokuhlukanisa izigaxa.**
10. **Ukubhenywa kwesithathu (三熏):** 90–100 °C.
11. **Ukomisa ekugcineni (足干, *zúgān*):** Yomisa kuze kube yizingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye, bese ngomlilo omncane, kuze kube iqabunga ligayeka libe impushana ngeminwe.

Okokubasa imithombo ikubiza ngezindlela ezahlukene: isifunda — uphayini, izithelo ze-liquidambar (枫球) namagobolondo embewu ye-camellia (油茶壳), omunye umbhalo — izimpande zemivini (藤根). Izidingo zika-2025 zinikeza olwazo uhlu, olunikezwe ngenhla: luhambisana nolwesifunda ngezithelo ze-liquidambar nophayini (njengamalahle), kanti esikhundleni samagobolondo embewu ye-camellia lubiza amagobolondo embewu yetiye (茶籽壳); umvini ukhona kulo, kodwa izimpande azibaliwe.

Umbhalo wesifunda ka-2022 uchaza indlela yasekhaya. Ukulandelana komsebenzi emakhaya avamile — ukuvuna, ukugeza, ukukhetha, ukubilisa (捞), ukukhanda, ukugeza (涤), ukufudumeza. Kubhenywa ngalokho okuseduze, — izithelo ze-liquidambar, izimpande zesitshalo umbhali asibiza ngokuthi 翘栗, amagobolondo embewu yetiye kanye namalahle ezinkuni — kancane, «ukuze kubonakale intuthu, kodwa kungabibikho umlilo», ngokuvamile amahora angu-8–10. Itiye eliqediwe liyashiywa ukuze likhululeke, kuze kuphele «ukushisa» (火气), bese liyakhethwa (拣茶): kukhethwa iziqu eziwugqinsi namaqabunga aphuzi. Ngokwalowo mbhalo, ku-6 jin yeqabunga elisha lokuvuna kwasekuqaleni kuphuma i-1 jin yetiye elomile, ukwephuza — ku-4, kanti okukhona ukugcwala kwamanzi, kukhanya nakakhulu umutsha.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa:**

Incazelo ngokwemibhalo yokuvikela.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Mnyama-nsundu, kucwebezela kancane (乌褐尚亮); ukukhanda kuqinile, kulinganayo, kuneziqu ezithambile (条索紧实，匀整有嫩梗). Ngokwemibhalo yesifunda, itiye ligcinwa lixegayo (散茶).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomutsha:** Libhemayo, lijulile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (熏香浓郁持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味醇厚回甘).
* **Umbala womutsha:** Usagolide-phuzi futhi ukhanya (汤色金黄明亮).
* **Iqabunga elingemuva kokwenziwa:** Lilingana, lihlanzekile, lithambile, li-brown-yellow futhi likhanya (叶底匀净柔软、褐黄明亮).

Ngokwe-«China Food Safety News», ngonyaka wokuqala itiye limnyama linombala oluhlaza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liba mnyama njengehlungulu. Umbhalo wesifunda ka-2021 uqhathanisa umbala wetiye elomile nensimbi emnyama (黑如玄铁) futhi ubhala ukuthi lapho lenziwa ligcwele kakhulu umutsha uyishubile, «njengososo» (茶汤如酱), kanti lapho ulula — usagolide nohlaza (金黄透绿).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izinkomba zemibhalo yokuvikela:

| Inkomba | Izinga |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umlotha ophelele | akukho ngaphezu kwe-7,0 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 % |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | akukho ngaphansi kwe-1,5 % |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | akukho ngaphansi kwe-16 % |

Izindinganiso zinikezwe ngokwezidingo zika-2025. Imininingwane ekhonjwayo yokubhaliswa kuka-2020 inikeza izinga elihlukile lezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini — akukho ngaphansi kwe-32 %; umbhalo wommiselo ka-2020 awutholakalanga, ngakho umehluko awuxazululekanga.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliphuzi.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 85–90 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–4 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
    3. Umutsha wokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa.
    4. Thela amanzi futhi.
    5. Phinda kuze kube ukunambitheka nentuthu kuhlala.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, kude namanye amatiye nezinto ezinephunga. Ayikho imininingwane yokuthi ukunambitheka kushintsha kanjani ngokuguga.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Umbhalo wesifunda ka-2023 ubiza intengo yetiye lophawu lwe-«Guyu Yancha» kusukela ku-200 kuya ku-1600 yuan nge-jin (500 g); lezi yizintengo zophawu olulodwa, hhayi imakethe iyonke.

* **Ukwabela ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwenkomba yendawo nomkhiqizi ovela endaweni evikelwe yesifunda sasePingjiang.
    * Qhathanisa isimo nencazelo yemibhalo: iqabunga elimnyama-nsundu elineziqu, iphunga lentuthu, umutsha osagolide.

**12. Amaqiniso Ahehayo:**

* Iqabunga elisha liyagezwa ngamanzi omthombo ngaphambi kokucubungula.
* Umbhalo ka-1884 uqala ukucubungula ngamazwi athi «bilisa bese ukhipha» (煮捞), futhi izidingo zika-2025 namanje zivumela ukuqinisa emanzini abilayo (捞青).
* Ohlwini lwezinto zokubasa ukubhenywa — ikhasi elidala lika-mandarin.
* Ukubhenywa kwasekhaya, ngokombhalo wesifunda ka-2022, kuthatha amahora angu-8–10 ngomlilo omncane; izidingo zokuvikela zinikeza ukubhenywa kokuqala nokwesibili imizuzu engu-15–20 ngalunye.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **Weishan Maojian ([沩山毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/weishan-maojian)):** Itiye laseHunan eliphuzi elinokuvuthwa nokubhenywa ngophayini; lichazwa njengokuphela kwetiye eliphuzi elibhemayo, kodwa ngokwemibhalo yokuvikela iPingjiang Yancha — futhi itiye eliphuzi elibhemayo, elinokubhenywa kathathu.
* **Yueyang Huangcha ([岳阳黄茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yueyang-huangcha)):** Igama lesifunda lwetiye eliphuzi laseYueyang, elihlanganisa nePingjiang.
* **Pingjiang Gaoshan Cha ([平江高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingjiang-gaoshan-cha)):** Igama lesifunda «letiye lasentabeni» ngaphandle kwesigaba esichaziwe.
* **Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)):** Itiye lombala obomvu laseFujian elinintuthu kaphayini — intuthu iyafana, isigaba sehlukile.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Pingjiang Yancha — itiye lasekhaya eliphuzi elibhemayo lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeHunan: iqabunga ligezwa ngamanzi omthombo, likhandwa kathathu futhi libhenywa kathathu, kanti phakathi kokubhenywa liyavuthwa. Kuphuma itiye elimnyama-nsundu elixegayo elinephunga lentuthu eligcwele, umutsha osagolide kanye nokubuya okumnandi.