---
title: "Ningqiang Què Shé"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/ningqiang-que-she
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ningqiang Què Shé (宁强雀舌, Níngqiáng què shé)

Ningqiang Què Shé (宁强雀舌, Níngqiáng què shé) — “Ulimi Lwendlondlo [yesifunda] saseNingqiang” — itiye eliluhlaza laseNingqiang (宁强县, Níngqiáng Xiàn), idolobha iHanzhong (汉中市), esifundazweni iShaanxi, elisendaweni **yemithombo yoMfula iHan** (汉江源头, Hànjiāng Yuántóu) — umngenela omkhulu woMfula iYangtze, owanika igama uBukhosi bakwaHan, isizwe samaHan kanye nezinhlamvu zesiHan. Isiko letiye laseNingqiang lisuka enkathini yobuTang: uLu Yu encwadini i-“Classic of Tea” (《茶经》) wabhala ukuthi: «梁州生褒城、金牛二县山谷» — “Ezigodini ezisezintabeni [zezifunda] iBaocheng neJinniu endaweni yaseLiangzhou [kukhula itiye]”. IJinniu (金牛, “Inkunzi Yegolide”) — yigama lasendulo laseNingqiang, elihlotshaniswa nengendlela engokomlando ethi “Indlela Yenkunzi Yegolide” (金牛道, Jīnniú Dào) — umgwaqo wakudala owawuhlanganisa iGuanzhong (iXi’an) neSichuan unqamula izintaba zaseQinling. Itiye lasungulwa ngo-1992, kanti **ngo-1996 lafakwa ohlwini “lamatiye asetshenziselwa izinjongo ezikhethekile zikahulumeni”** (国家特需用茶, guójiā tèxū yòng chá) — okusho ukuthi lalithunyelwa **eZhongnanhai** (中南海) — indlu yabaholi abaphezulu bePeople’s Republic of China. Ngo-2002, iNingqiang yaba **yisifunda sokuqala eShaanxi ukuthola isitifiketi sikazwelonke setiye eliphilayo**, futhi indawo yalesi sifunda iyingxenye **ye-UNESCO Biosphere Reserve** (联合国世界人与自然生物圈保护区). Inhlabathi iqukethe **i-selenium (Se) 0,653–3,853 ppm** — okuphakeme ngo-1,5 kunomlinganiselo ophakathi waseHanzhong.

Kusukela ngo-2007, iNingqiang Què Shé iyingxenye yomkhiqizo wesifunda ohlanganisayo i-“Hanzhong Xianhao” ([汉中仙毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hanzhong-xian-hao), “Ubukhazikhazi obungcwele baseHanzhong”), kodwa igcina ubuchwepheshe bayo kanye nephrofayili yephunga elimnandi: kanti i-“Hanzhong Xianhao” iyisicaba futhi inephunga le-castnut, i-“Ningqiang Què Shé” iy-**“ulimi lwendlondlo”** (雀舌形) enephunga eli-**“phakeme nelinamakha amnandi”** (高长馥郁) futhi ayinabo nhlobo ubukhali.

**1. Ihlukaniso Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshiwe. Isimo — **“ulimi lwendlondlo”** (雀舌形, quèshé xíng): isicaba kancane, esizacile, esinoboya obusiliva — igxathu elifana “nolimi” lwendlondlo olukhishwe ngaphandle. Isigaba esincane somkhiqizo wesifunda ohlanganisayo i-“Hanzhong Xianhao” (汉中仙毫, GI 2007), ngokugcinwa kobunikazi bayo, ubuchwepheshe kanye negama.

* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo oqokwe ngokwejografi o-“Hanzhong Xianhao” (国家地理标志产品, 2007). **“Itiye lezinjongo ezikhethekile zikahulumeni”** (国家特需用茶, 1996 — ukuthunyelwa eZhongnanhai). Itiye lokuqala eliphilayo laseShaanxi (国家[有机茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/youji-cha)认证, 2002). Isifunda sikazwelonke esiyisibonelo sokumiswa kwetiye eliphilayo (国家级有机茶标准化示范区, 2003). Indondo yegolide ye-‘Houji’ yombukiso kazwelonke wezolimo nobuchwepheshe baseChina (中国农业科技博览会后稷金像奖, 1995). Indondo yegolide yemakethe yomhlaba yaseXi’an (西交会金奖, 2002). I-UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Inothiswe nge-Se.

* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe iShaanxi (陕西省), idolobha iHanzhong (汉中市), isifunda iNingqiang (宁强县). Umnyombo wekhwalithi: amadolobhana iHanyuan (汉源镇, “Umthombo weHan [jiang]”) neGaozhaizi (高寨子镇), 800–1200 m, emigodini yemithombo yeHanjiang neJialingjiang.

* **Ukuma kwendawo:** ~32°45′–33°15′ N, 105°55′–106°35′ E. Isifunda setiye esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga kakhulu esifundazweni iShaanxi, lapho kuhlangana khona iQinling neBashan.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**

INingqiang — ngesinye sezifunda zetiye zasendulo kakhulu eShaanxi. U-Lu Yu encwadini i-“Classic of Tea” (VIII century) wafaka iLiangzhou (梁州, igama lasendulo laseHanzhong) ohlwini lwezindawo ezikhiqiza itiye, esho ngokuqondile “izigodi ezisezintabeni [zezifunda] iBaocheng neJinniu” (梁州生褒城、金牛二县山谷). IJinniu — yigama lasendulo laseNingqiang, elihlotshaniswa nendlela eyinganekwane ethi “Indlela Yenkunzi Yegolide” (金牛道) — omunye wemigwaqo yasendulo eChina, okwasuselwa kuwo ngeNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo ukuhwebelana phakathi kweGuanzhong neSichuan. Ngakho-ke, itiye laseNingqiang likhiqizwa endleleni lapho impahla (kuhlanganisa netiye) ihamba khona iminyaka engaphezu kuka 2 300.

INingqiang Què Shé yamanje yasungulwa ngo-1992 iqembu lochwepheshe bezetiye besifunda ngokusekelwe ezinhlobweni zendawo. Ngo-1993 yadlula ekuhlolweni koMnyango Wezolimo. Ngo-1995 yathola indondo yegolide ye-‘Houji’ (后稷金像奖) embukisweni kazwelonke wezolimo nobuchwepheshe waseChina. **Ngo-1996** — yafakwa ohlwini lwe-“国家特需用茶” — amatiye ezinjongo ezikhethekile zikahulumeni: iNingqiang Què Shé yathunyelwa **eZhongnanhai** (中南海) — indlu yabaholi abaphezulu be-PRC. Leli ngelinye lamatiye ambalwa eChina anesimo esiqinisekisiwe “setiye labaphathi bakahulumeni”. Ngo-2002 — indondo yegolide ye-Xi’an International Trade Fair (西交会金奖). Ngawo lowo nyaka ka-2002, iNingqiang yaba **yisifunda sokuqala eShaanxi** ukuthola isitifiketi sikazwelonke setiye eliphilayo, kwathi ngo-2003 — **yaba isifunda sikazwelonke esiyisibonelo sokumiswa kwetiye eliphilayo**. Ngo-2005, iNingqiang Què Shé kanye ne-Wuzi Xianhao ([午子仙毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuzi-xianhao)) ne-Dingjun Mingmei ([定军茗眉](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dingjun-ming-mei)) bakha “iBig Three of Hanzhong” (汉中三大名茶), kwathi ngo-2007 bobathathu bahlanganiswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo ohlanganisayo i-“Hanzhong Xianhao” (汉中仙毫). Ngo-2017, i-“Hanzhong Xianhao” yafakwa ezingeni lama-50 emikhiqizo yezindawo yeziyingi ezinamandla eChina (中国茶叶区域公用品牌价值50强).

* **Igama:** 宁强 (Níngqiáng) — igama lesifunda; 雀舌 (Què Shé) — “ulimi lwendlondlo” — incazelo yesimo setiye eselenzelwe: igxathu elincane, elisicaba kancane, elizacile elifana nolimi lwendlondlo olukhishwe ngaphandle. “Què shé” — ngesinye sezigaba zasendulo zetiye eliluhlaza, eduze no-“Mao Jian” no-“Mao Feng”.

* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** INingqiang — “Umthombo weHanjiang” (汉江源头). I-Hanjiang (汉江) — umngenela omkhulu we-Yangtze (长江), ubude obungu-1577 km, owanika igama **uBukhosi bakwaHan** (汉朝, 202 BCE — 220 CE), **isizwe samaHan** (汉族) kanye **nezinhlamvu zesiHan** (汉字). Itiye elisemthonjeni we-Hanjiang — yitiye “elisemthonjeni wempucuko yamaHan”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNingqiang isendleleni “Yenkunzi Yegolide” — umthambo wezinto ezihambiswayo wakudala owawuhlanganisa iXi’an neChengdu unqamula izintaba zaseQinling. Ukuphuza iNingqiang Què Shé — kusho ukuthinta ngesikhathi esisodwa “i-Classic of Tea” kaLu Yu, imithombo yobunikazi “bamaHan” kanye nomlando weminyaka engu-2 300 “weNdlela Yenkunzi Yegolide”.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Uhlobo / i-cultivar:** Uhlobo lwendawo (本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)), olujwayele izimo ezingaphansi kwe-subtropical enyakatho lapho kuhlangana khona iQinling neBashan. Unamaqabunga amancane, uyakwazi ukumelana neqhwa, unoboya obusiliva obuningi ezingubeni. Amanye amaplani anezela i-clone i-Fuding Dabai Cha ukuze kwandiswe uboya.

* **Ukuvuna:** Intwasahlobo — eduze kweQingming (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli). Indinganiso — ingxenye eyodwa + iqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala (一芽一叶初展). Igxathu kumelwe libe ngokuphelele, lizacile, lingenazinkinga — ukuze kwakheke isimo esithi “ulimi lwendlondlo”.

* **Amakhemikhali empahla eluhlaza:** Ama-polyphenol ≥24,73 %, ama-amino acid — 3,43 %, i-Se + i-Zn evela enhlabathini.

**4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezici Ezikhethekile:**

INingqiang isendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona izinhlelo ezimbili ezinkulu zezintaba — iQinling (秦岭) enyakatho neBashan (巴山) eningizimu, kwakheka imigosha yezintaba ejulile enemifudlana nezigodi ezinenkungu.

* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** 800–1200 m. Umnyombo — 1000±200 m, emigodini yezintaba enemifudlana yeziphethu.

* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical enyakatho. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka — 12,9 °C (eliphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo zetiye zaseChina — itiye “elibandayo”). Imvula — 900–1100 mm. Umehluko wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku — >10 °C — ubalulekile, ukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid. Umswakama onamafu — 85 %. Izintaba zaseQinling zakha umgoqo wemvelo ovikela isigodi emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho, kuyilapho zidlulisa umoya omanzi wasePacific — “indawo yokukhulisa yemvelo” yezihlahla zetiye.

* **Inhlabathi:** Ensundu, eyakheke phezu kwe-granite (花岗岩发育棕壤土, pH 4,8–5,5). Izinto eziphilayo — >2,0 %. **I-Selenium (Se) — 0,653–3,853 ppm** — ephakeme ngo-1,5 kunomlinganiselo ophakathi waseHanzhong. Lena ngenye yezinhlabathi zetiye ezinothiswe nge-Se kakhulu eShaanxi. I-Zn nayo iphakeme.

* **Imvelo:** Ukumbozwa kwehlathi — >65 %. Indawo yesifunda iyingxenye **ye-UNESCO Biosphere Reserve** (联合国世界人与自然生物圈保护区). Ngaphezu kuka-90% womkhiqizo wetiye ukhiqizwa emnyombweni wesifunda sezemvelo. Izibulala-zinambuzane nezikhiqizo zamakhemikhali zivinjelwe kusukela ngo-2002 (isitifiketi esiphilayo). Imifudlana yaseQinling enamanzi avela ezindlini zeqhwa ihlinzeka ngokunisela ngamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe be-Ningqiang Què Shé buhlanganisa “机械提效、手工定魂” — “ukusebenza ngomshini ukuze kusheshe, umsebenzi wezandla ukuze umphefumulo”. Izigaba ezibalulekile:

* **Ukwendlalwa (摊放, tān fàng):** amahora angu-4–6 ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukulahleka komswakama ~15 %. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezandulela iphunga.

* **Ukulungiswa kwemifino (杀青, shāqīng):** Ukugazingwa ebhodweni elitshekile ku-160–180 °C. Kuyashesha — ukuze kugcinwe ubusha obu-“luhlaza” nephunga. Kusetshenziswa ukushintshana kokuphonsela phezulu (抛) nokucindezela (闷) — indlela yakudala yaseShaanxi.

* **Ukwakheka ko-“limi lwendlondlo” (做形, zuòxíng):** Isigaba esibalulekile. Igxathu licindezelwa kancane ngezandla libe yisimo se-“limi” — elizacile, elisicaba kancane, elinesihloko esicijile. Ukunyakazisa — kuncane, “okucindezelayo” (捺, nà), ngaphandle kokucindezela ngamandla, ukuze kungacashunwa iqabunga futhi kugcinwe uboya obusiliva. Izinga lokushisa ebhodweni — lehlisiwe laya ku-80–90 °C. Lesi sigaba — “siwumphefumulo” weNingqiang Què Shé futhi siwumehluko omkhulu kune-“Hanzhong Xianhao” eyisicaba: “ulimi” lugcina ubukhulu “nomoya”, kanti eyisicaba i-“Xianhao” icindezelwa ngokuphelele.

* **Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān):** Izigaba ezimbili — okokuqala ku-100–110 °C, okokugcina ku-70–80 °C kuze kube umswakama ≤6,5 %. Ukomiswa kokugcina okumnene kugcina iphunga “eliphakeme nelinamakha amnandi” (高长馥郁), eliyingqayizivele eNingqiang.

* **Izinto zesimanje:** Ama-spectrometer alawula okuqukethwe yi-Se nama-polyphenol; ama-thermostat edijithali — izinga lokushisa ebhodweni. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka ko-“limi” kuhlala kungumsebenzi wezandla ngokuphelele.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuhlola Ngenzwa:**

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** “Izilimi zendlondlo” ezisicaba kancane, ezizacile (微扁挺秀、匀齐似雀舌). Ziluhlaza njenge-emerald ngoboya obusiliva obuningi (翠绿显毫). Amagxathu — alinganayo, ayafana ngobukhulu.

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** “Elimnene” (嫩香, nèn xiāng). “Eliphakeme, elihlala isikhathi eside, elinamakha amnandi” (高长馥郁, gāo cháng fùyù) — lona umehluko omkhulu kune-“Hanzhong Xianhao” ejwayelekile, egcwele ithoni “ye-castnut” (栗香). INingqiang Què Shé — “inephunga lezimbali” nelingathi le-“orchid”.

* **Iphunga lengxube:** Elihlanzekile (清香), nenothi ecacile yezimbali nezithelo. Lapho lipholile — umsindo “woju”. Ukuqina kwephunga — imizuzu engu-3+ enkomishini ebandayo.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Ukuminyene nokumnandi (醇厚甘甜, chúnhòu gāntián). Ukunambitheka okubuya emuva (回甘) — kuqinile futhi kuhlanzekile. **Akukho nhlobo ubukhali** (无涩感, wú sè gǎn) — ifomula ethi “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — umehluko omkhulu wokunambitheka kune-“Hanzhong Xianhao” kanye namanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza. Lokhu kuwumphumela wezinga eliphansi le-polyphenol (24,73 %) kanye nama-amino acid aphakeme (3,43 %) — ibhalansi ebangelwe indawo yokutshala “ebandayo” (12,9 °C) kanye nenhlabathi ene-Se.

* **Umbala wengxube:** Oluhlaza, ogqamile nahlanzekile (绿亮清澈, lǜ liàng qīng chè).

* **Insimbi yetiye (iqabunga eliphekwe ngemva kokuphekwa):** Eliluhlaza ngobumnene, elinezixha, elinonyama (嫩绿成朵、肥厚柔软). Amagxathu — aphelele, awaphukile, anesimo se-“limi” esigciniwe.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚):** ≥24,73 % — izinga elipholile letiye eliluhlaza, elihlinzeka ubuhle nokungabi nabukhali.

* **Ama-amino acid (氨基酸):** 3,43 % — izinga eliphakeme, elibangelwa indawo yokutshala “ebandayo” (12,9 °C) kanye nomehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku (>10 °C). I-L-theanine igqamile.

* **I-Selenium (Se):** 0,653–3,853 ppm — ephakeme ngo-1,5 kunomlinganiselo ophakathi waseHanzhong. Ivela enhlabathini ye-granite enothiswe nge-Se.

* **I-Zinc (Zn):** Iphakeme — ivela enhlabathini efanayo.

* **I-Caffeine (咖啡碱):** Izinga elejwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza.

* **Amavithamini:** Avithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.

* **Isilinganiso sama-polyphenol nama-amino acid:** ~7,2 — esiyingqayizivele kumatiye “athambile” asenyakatho aluhlaza; ngokuqhathanisa, awaseningizimu — 10–15. Yilesi silinganiso esiphansi esidala ifomula ethi “ngaphandle kobukhali”.

**8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:**

* **Ukunothiswa nge-Se:** Okuqukethwe yi-Se — kufinyelela ku-3,853 ppm — esinye sezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aseShaanxi. I-Selenium — iyingxenye ebalulekile yezakhi zomzimba edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-glutathione peroxidase — i-enzyme eyinhloko yokulwa nezinto eziyingozi emzimbeni. Ukuphuza itiye le-Se njalo kusiza ukwesekela amasosha omzimba nokuvikelwa kokulwa nezinto eziyingozi.

* **Ukuvikelwa kokulwa nezinto eziyingozi:** Ama-polyphenol (24,73 %) + uvithamini C + i-Se — uhlelo lokulwa nezinto eziyingozi oluthathu.

* **Umthelela wokuvuselela:** I-caffeine isebenzisana ne-L-theanine — ukuvuka komzimba okumnene, okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Umthelela omnene kakhulu ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphansi sama-polyphenol kuma-amino acid.

* **Imisebenzi yokuqonda:** I-L-theanine ivuselela ukusebenza kobuchopho obunamandla e-alpha — isimo “sokugxila okungakhululekile”.

* **Ukusekela ukugaya:** Ama-catechin avuselela kancane ukuhamba kwamathumbu.

* **Kubalulekile:** Lezi zakhiwo ezishiwoyo zisekelwe emininingweni ejwayelekile futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza isisu singenalutho. Umthamo wansuku zonke — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-600 ml.

**9. Ukupheka:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 75–85 °C. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo — “izilimi” ezintekenteke “ziyashiswa” futhi zilahlekelwa iphunga lezimbali. Ezingeni eliphezulu — 75 °C.

* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).

* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi (推荐) — ukuze ubuke “umdanso” “wezilimi zendlondlo”, ezehlisa kancane emanzini. I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain — ukuze kuhlanganiswe iphunga. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa izibonda zase-Yixing — ukungena kwemisebe “kuthatha” iphunga elimnene.

* **Indlela yokupheka — “Central Pour” (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ):**
	1. Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo.
	2. Thela u-1/3 wamanzi ku-85 °C.
	3. Faka itiye.
	4. Nyakazisa ingilazi imizuzwana engu-30 — “ukuvusa”.
	5. Thela amanzi afinyelele ku-7/10 womthamo.
	6. Misa imizuzu engu-1,5–2.

* **Inani lokuphekwa:** Izikhathi ezi-3–4. Ukwandisa ngakunye okulandelayo — +imizuzwana engu-30. Ukuphekwa kathathu kugcina iphunga “eliphakeme nelinamakha amnandi” — “三泡余韵绵长” (“ngemuva kokuphekwa kathathu, ukunambitheka okusemuva kuselinde njalo”).

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa:** 0–5 °C (isiqandisi), emaphaketheni avaliwe. INingqiang Què Shé — itiye elintekenteke “elinezindlebe”, elizwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye namaphunga angaphandle.
* **Isitsha:** Esivalekile, esingabonisi. I-foil ye-aluminium + ukupakishwa okungenamoya — kulungile.
* **Ukukhanya:** Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele — uboya ne-chlorophyll kuzwela ekukhanyeni.
* **Isikhathi:** Kunconywa ukuphuzwa phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-6–8. Itiye elisha — izinsuku ezi-7–10 “zokuphumula” ukuze kukhishwe “umlilo”.

**11. Amanani Nokugwema Imikhiqizo Engemanga:**

INingqiang Què Shé — itiye elisezingeni eliphezulu lentengo, elilingana namanye ama-“què shé” esigaba. Izinga eliphezulu — lisukela ku-600–1000 yuan/500 g; elokuqala — 300–600 yuan; elikhulu — 100–300 yuan.

* **Ukugwema imikhiqizo engemanga:**
	* Ukumakwa — “宁强雀舌” noma “汉中仙毫” kukhombisa “宁强” njengendawo yokukhiqiza.
	* Isimo — “izilimi zendlondlo” ezizacile (微扁挺秀), ezingezona izicaba noma ezigobile.
	* Iphunga — “eliphakeme nelinamakha amnandi” (高长馥郁), ngaphandle kwethoni “ye-castnut” (eyingqayizivele ye-“Xianhao” ejwayelekile).
	* Ukunambitheka — **ngaphandle kobukhali** (无涩感). Ukuba khona kobukhali — kuwuphawu lokushintshwa ngenye itiye.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **Itiye le-Zhongnanhai (1996).** “国家特需用茶” — isimo setiye sezinjongo ezikhethekile zikahulumeni. INingqiang Què Shé yathunyelwa endaweni yokuhlala yabaholi abaphezulu be-PRC — elinye lamatiye ambalwa eChina anesimo esiqinisekisiwe “setiye labaphathi bakahulumeni”.

* **Umthombo we-Hanjiang = umthombo wempucuko “yamaHan”.** I-Hanjiang — umfula owanika igama ubukhosi bakwaHan (汉朝), isizwe samaHan (汉族) kanye nezinhlamvu zesiHan (汉字). Ukuphuza itiye elisemthonjeni walo — kusho ukuthinta izimpande zobunikazi “bamaHan”, ezihlanganisa abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,4.

* **“Indlela Yenkunzi Yegolide” (金牛道).** Umgwaqo wakudala onqamula iQinling, okwasuselwa kuwo ngeNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo (V century BCE) ukuhwebelana phakathi kweXi’an neChengdu. INingqiang (iJinniu yasendulo) — isiteshi esibalulekile kule ndlela. Itiye — ngenye yezimpahla ezazihamba kulo mzila eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2 300.

* **I-UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.** Indawo yesifunda saseNingqiang — ivikelwe wuhlelo lwe-UNESCO lwe-“Man and the Biosphere” (MAB). Itiye elitshalwe endaweni ebiyelwe yi-biosphere — liyivelakancane.

* **I-Se efinyelela ku-3,853 ppm.** Enye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda zetiye zaseShaanxi. Ngokuqhathanisa: amatiye “avamile” e-Se aqukethe u-0,3–0,8 ppm.

* **Itiye lokuqala eliphilayo laseShaanxi (2002).** INingqiang — iphayona lesitifiketi esiphilayo esifundazweni, yabeka indinganiso kulo lonke elaseHanzhong.

* **“Ngaphandle kobukhali” — ifomula yekhwalithi.** “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — “ukuminyene, okumnandi, ngaphandle kobukhali”. Lokhu kuwumphumela webhalansi eyingqayizivele: ama-polyphenol 24,73 % / ama-amino acid 3,43 % = isilinganiso ~7,2 — esinye seziphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseChina.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye e-“què shé” kanye namatiye aseHanzhong:**

* **IHanzhong Xianhao (汉中仙毫, Hànzhōng Xiān Háo):** Umkhiqizo ohlanganisayo, ohlanganisa amatiye aseHanzhong. Isimo esiyisicaba. Iphunga “le-castnut”. INingqiang Què Shé — isimo se-“limi” (雀舌), iphunga “eliphakeme nelinamakha amnandi”, ngaphandle kobukhali. Ukunambitheka kweNingqiang — “kuyizimbali” futhi “kumnene” kakhulu.

* **IJintan Què Shé ([金坛雀舌](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jintan-que-she), Jīntán Què Shé):** IJiangsu. Futhi “ulimi lwendlondlo”, kodwa oluvela empumalanga yeChina, ngaphandle kokunothiswa nge-Se. Iphunga — “elihlanzekile nelimnene” (清雅). INingqiang — inephunga “elinamakha amnandi” ngokugqamile kanye ne-Se.

* **IDingjun Mingmei (定军茗眉, Dìngjūn Míng Méi):** IHanzhong, “Itiye Elinesimo Seshishe [lentaba] i-Dingjun” — livela emkhiqizweni ofanayo ohlanganisayo we-“Xianhao”. Isimo — “ishishe” elincanyana. INingqiang — “ulimi”. Zombili — zinothiswe nge-Se, kodwa zivela ezindaweni ezihlukene zeHanzhong.

**Isiphetho:**

INingqiang Què Shé — “Ulimi Lwendlondlo” oluvela emthonjeni we-Hanjiang, umfula owanika igama impucuko yonkana. Itiye elathunyelwa eZhongnanhai (1996), elitshalwe e-UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, “endleleni Yenkunzi Yegolide” — umgwaqo wakudala onqamula izintaba zaseQinling — itiye lokuqala eliphilayo laseShaanxi futhi elinye lamatiye anothiswe nge-Se kakhulu eChina (kufinyelele ku-3,853 ppm). Ifomula yayo — “醇厚甘甜，无涩感” — “ukuminyene, okumnandi, ngaphandle kobukhali” — akusona isiqubulo sokukhangisa, kodwa umphumela wendawo yokutshala eyingqayizivele: izinga lokushisa lonyaka elingu-12,9 °C, inhlabathi ye-granite ene-Se, kanye nomhosha wezintaba lapho kuhlangana khona iQinling neBashan. Pheka “ngokuthela okuphakathi” ku-85 °C — futhi ngemuva kokuphekwa kathathu ukunambitheka okusemuva kusayoba isikhathi eside, njengoMfula iHan ogeleza usuka kulezi zintaba uye ku-Yangtze enkulu.