---
title: "Nánchuān Lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanchuan-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Nánchuān Lǜchá (南川绿茶)

Nánchuān Lǜchá (南川绿茶, Nánchuān lǜchá) — ‘Itheye Eliluhlaza LaseNánchuān’ — itiye eliluhlaza elivela endaweni yaseNánchuān (南川区, Nánchuān Qū) yedolobha elingaphansi kombuso ophakathi waseChóngqìng (重庆市), elitshalwa emithambekeni yentaba iJīnfóshān (金佛山, Jīnfóshān, ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’, 2238 m) — indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2014, njengengxenye ‘yeZwe Lezindawo Eziluhlaza Zaseningizimu yeChina’), indawo yemvelo yesizwe kanye nesisodwa sezikhungo ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo zezwe (izinga elingaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyi-5000 zezitshalo, izilwane eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwezi-500). Isiko letiye laseNánchuān lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-1700 — kusukela eminikeleni yamaBā (巴人, Bā rén) enkantolo yaseZhou kuya ku-‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu (《茶谱》, Chá Pǔ, ngekhulu lesi-5), eyabhalwa: 「涪州出三般茶，宾化最上」 — ‘IFúzhōu ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu zetiye; kusukela [esifundazweni] iBìnhuà [=Nánchuān] — elincono kakhulu.’ Ama-amino acids — 4,3% (okuphakade okungaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza), i-selenium (Se) — ≥0,3 mg/kg ebangeni eliphakeme, izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 ngonyaka. Ibanga eliphakeme — ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ ([金佛玉翠](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jinfuyucui), Jīnfó Yùcuì, ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’), 5000–10,000 Yuan/kg. Isihloko esiphindiwe kane ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (重庆市十大名茶, kusukela ngo-2008). Ngo-2024 — ama-mu ayi-134,500 amasimu, inani eliphelele lemboni — izigidigidi eziyi-1.23 zama-Yuan.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Ucwaningo — ukugazinga bese kuthiwe komiswa ngamalahle. Likhishwa ngezindlela ezintathu: **eliqondile** (紧直形, jǐn zhí xíng) — lwebanga eliphakeme ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’, **elimise okwamashiya** (眉形, méi xíng) — lwebanga lokuqala, **eliningi elenziwe ngokugazingwa** (大宗炒青, dàzōng chǎoqīng) — lwebanga lesibili kanye nemikhiqizo eyisisekelo.

* **Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo:** Umkhiqizo okuphawulwe indawo yokukhiqiza eSizweni samaShayina (全国农产品地理标志产品, 2012). Oyine wahlula umncintiswano ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (重庆市十大名茶, kusukela ngo-2008). Indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla (日内瓦国际食品博览会金奖, 1987 — itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān). Indawo yokuqala kumawo onke ama-China athengiswayo angaphandle kwetiye elibomvu (全国外销第一名, 1980). Isimo ‘Sesizinda Setiye sezwe lonke’ (全国茶叶基地县, 1970) esifundeni.

* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, idolobha elingaphansi kombuso ophakathi iChóngqìng (重庆市), isifunda saseNánchuān (南川区). Amatshethi angama-29. Ukuma komhlaba: 106°54′–107°27′ e, 28°46′–29°30′ n. Isizinda: izindawo ezisenyakatho — iDàguān (大观镇, Dàguān Zhèn), iXīnglóng (兴隆镇, Xīnglóng Zhèn), iMùliáng (木凉镇, Mùliáng Zhèn), iHétú (河图镇, Hétú Zhèn), iQiánfēng (乾丰镇, Qiánfēng Zhèn) — ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingu-750–1200 m, emculweni wamafu, emhlabathini oqukethe i-selenium (Se).

* **Ukuma komhlaba kwesizinda:** Cishe 29°10′ n, 107°10′ e.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:**

* **Umlando:**

**UShāng noZhōu — abantu bamaBā (商周, ~XI–III iminyaka BC).** Abantu bamaBā (巴人), ababehlala emanzini akhulu eYangtze, babanikela ngomnikelo wetiye enkantolo yaseZhou. INánchuān yayiyingxenye yendawo okwakuhlala kuyo amaBā — enye yezindawo ezindala kunazo zonke zokukhiqiza itiye emhlabeni.

**ULù Yǔ kanye no-‘Mthetho Wetiyie’ (陆羽, 《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi-8).** ‘Ubaba wetiye’ uLù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) wabhala: 「巴山峡川有两人合抱」 — ‘Emifuleni yezintaba zaseBā kunezihlahla [zetiye] ezinkulu kangaka ukuthi kudingeka abantu ababili ukuba ziqhatshwe.’ Kucatshangelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakumayelana nezihlahla zetiye zasendulo zaseJīnfóshān — kuze kube namuhla kule ntaba cishe kusekhona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 (*Camellia nanchuanica*), esikhulu kunazo zonke sicishe sibe neminyaka eyi-2700.

**‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ (《茶谱》, ngekhulu lesi-5 / Inkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu).** UMáo Wénxī (毛文锡, Máo Wénxī) wabhala: 「涪州出三般茶，宾化最上」 — ‘IFúzhōu ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu zetiye; kusukela [esifundazweni] iBìnhuà [=Nánchuān] — elincono kakhulu.’ Lokhu kungenye yezinsolo-ezibhaliwe ezindala kakhulu eziveza lesifunda njengomkhiqizi wetiye.

**Iminyaka yowe-1920 — ukuthunyelwa emazweni angaphandle.** Itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān lathunyelwa eRussia naseJapan, eliluhlaza — eYurophu naseMelika. Lesifunda sahlanganiswa ekuhwebeni kwetiye emhlabeni jikelele.

**Ngo-1970–1987 — isikathi esiphakeme kakhulu.** Ngo-1970: INánchuān yathola isimo ‘Sesizinda Setiye sezwe lonke’ (全国茶叶基地县). Ngo-1980: itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān laba endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwamawo wonke ama-China athengiswayo ngaphandle kwetiye elibomvu. Ngo-1984: indawo yokuqala kuMnyango Wezohwebo. Ngo-1987 kwaba yisikathi esiphakeme kakhulu sokwamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele: **indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla** mayelana netiye elibomvu.

**Ngo-1990 — ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’.** Kwasungulwa ulayini osezingeni eliphezulu ‘金佛玉翠’ (Jīnfó Yùcuì, ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’) — itiye eliluhlaza lwebanga eliphakeme, eligxile ekumeni okuqondile, ekusetshenzisweni ngezandla nasekukhiqizweni okune-selenium.

**Ngo-2008–2024.** Isihloko esiphindiwe kane ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (kusukela ngo-2008). Ukuphawulwa kwendawo yokukhiqiza (ngo-2012). Ngo-2024: amasimu ayi-134,500 ama-mu (~8967 ha), inani eliphelele — izigidigidi eziyi-1.23 zama-Yuan. Igama eliyisithako: ‘金佛山珍’ (Jīnfó Shānzhēn, ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’).

* **Igama:**
	* ‘Nánchuān’ (南川, Nánchuān) — ‘UMfula Oseningizimu’ — isifunda esingaphansi kukaChóngqìng, esisempumalanga yezansi yeJīnfóshān.
	* ‘Lǜ Chá’ (绿茶, Lǜchá) — ‘Itheye Eliluhlaza’ — inkomba eqondile yohlobo.
	* Ibanga eliphakeme: ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠) — ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’ — inkomba eqondile yeJīnfóshān nombala oluhlaza njenge-jade wamahlumela amancane.

* **Ukubaluleka kwesiko:** IJīnfóshān — ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’ — yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yokukhanya kwakusihlwa: ehlobo nasekwindla, lapho imisebe yelanga ihlasela amawa ayingqimba, intaba ikhanya ngegolide, ‘njengoBuddha wegolide ophuma imisebe engapheliyo.’ Indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2014), iJīnfóshān iyingxenye yochungechunge ‘Lwezindawo Eziluhlaza Zaseningizimu yeChina’ futhi yamukelwa njengesikhungo esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Itiye elivela kule ntaba — ‘isiphuzo esingcwele sikaBuddha wegolide’, esiqukethe uphawu lobuBuddha ‘itiye ne-chan zinambitheka okukodwa’ (茶禅一味). EJīnfóshān kukhula ‘Izinhlobo Ezinhlanu Eziyingqayizivele’ (金佛山五绝): izihlahla zetiye zasendle, uqalo oluyisikwele (方竹), umsayipresi wesiliva (银杉, *Cathaya argyrophylla*), umginkgo kanye nomrhododendron oyisihlahla.

**3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto Eziyisisekelo:**

* **Uhlobo / Isilimo:** Amakloni amabili ayisisekelo: **Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá)** — isilimo esivamile esikhiqiza kakhulu, kanye **neBāyú Tèzǎo (巴渝特早, Bāyú Tèzǎo, ‘I-Super-Early Bāyú’)** — ikloni elingenaso inzalo elivuthwa ngokushesha elihlose izimo zaseChóngqìng. Ngaphezu kwalokho — izinhlobo zendawo eziyingxubevange ([群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), qúntǐ zhǒng), izizukulwane zezihlahla zetiye zasendulo. Uhlaka lwezinto zomzimba: ama-amino acid — 4,3%, ama-polyphenol — 30,35%. EJīnfóshān kukhona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 *Camellia nanchuanica* — uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu olukhona kule ndawo kuphela, oluyisitshalo esivikelwe esigabeni sokuqala sikazwelonke.

* **Amabanga:**
	* **‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠, ibanga eliphakeme):** Ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa lisemkhawulweni wokuqala (一芽一叶初展). Ukusebenza ngezandla ngendlela ‘yokwamukela izandla eziyishumi’ (十大手法, shí dà shǒufǎ). Isimo ‘seqabunga likaqalo’ ([竹叶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhuye)形). Ivumba le-kastani elinenothi ‘ethambile’. Se ≥0,3 mg/kg. Intengo: **5000–10,000 Yuan/kg**.
	* **Ibanga lokuqala (一级):** Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Isimo esinjengamashiya. Ukunambitheka okuqinile, okuqhubekayo. Kuyisizinda setiye lasentwasahlobo nehlobo.
	* **Ibanga lesibili (二级):** Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu. Isimo esiningi esenziwe ngokugazingwa.

**4. Indawo Yemvelo Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama wamonsuni (亚热带湿润季风气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi — 15,1°C (esicongweni seJīnfóshān ehlobo — cishe 17°C kanti eChóngqìng cishe 28°C). Imvula yonyaka elimaphakathi — 1185 mm. Isilinganisi esibalulekile — **izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 ngonyaka** (雾日260天). Umswakama ohlobene — **90%**. Ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuyadlondlobala. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku — ngaphezulu kwe-10°C. Lezi zimo zakha indawo yokukhula okunensayo kwamahlumela kanye nokuqoqeka okunamandla kwama-amino acid.

* **Ukuphakama:** 600–1200 m. Isizinda sokukhiqiza — 750–1200 m, ‘emculweni wamafu’ (云雾带, yúnwù dài). IJīnfóshān — umkhawulo osempumalanga weDàlóushān (大娄山), isicongo esiyinhloko iFēngchuīlǐng (风吹岭) — 2238 m (noma 2251 m ngemithombo ethile).

* **Umhlabathi:** Umhlabathi **onsomi onesidingo esincane se-asidi** (紫色土, zǐsè tǔ) **kanye no-lomkhubane ophuzi** (黄泥土, huángnítǔ), pH 4,5–6,5. Itshe elisemcinyeni — amatshe e-limestone we-Permian. Izinto eziphilayo ziningi. Isici esibalulekile: **ngokwendawo, okuqukethwe yi-selenium (Se) kudlula i-1 ppm** — isifunda saseNánchuān saziwa njengendawo enkulu kunazo zonke eneselenium emhlabathini eChóngqìng (ingaphezulu kwengxenye yendawo). I-Selenium iyingxenye eyisidingo ebalulekile, engenawo amaningana ezindaweni ezikhiqiza itiye.

* **Imithombo yamanzi:** Imifula iqala eJīnfóshān futhi ingena eYangtze naseWūjiāng. Izinga lamanzi liphakeme, eminye imithombo iqukethe i-strontium (Sr) esezingeni lomgomo wamanzi amaminerali.

* **Umcele wezinto eziphilayo:** Ukuhlambulula kwehlathi — 51%. Ukungcoliswa ziimboni akukho emculweni omkhulu. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo eJīnfóshān (izinhlobo eziphezu kwe-5000 zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi eziyi-181 ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela; izilwane eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwezi-500) kunikeza ukuvikeleka okungokwemvelo ezinyonweni, kwehlisa isidingo samayeza okubulala izinambuzane ku-zero ebangeni eliphakeme.

**5. Ucwaningo Lokukhiqiza:**

Ucwaningo luhlanganisa izindlela zomsebenzi ngezandla ezigabeni eziphakeme nokusebenzisa imishene ezigabeni eziningi. Ngethiya elithi ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’, kusetshenziswa indlela ‘十大手法’ (shí dà shǒufǎ, ‘izindlela eziyishumi zesandla’: ‘bamba, nyakazisa, faka phansi, cindezela, donsa…’), efana naleyo esetshenziswa eLiányúngǎng Yúnwùchá. Ukukhiqiza kwamanje kuhlanganisa ukulawula nge-AI izinga lokushisa lokugazinga.

* **Ukunaba (摊放, tānfàng):** Kuze kube yihora lesi-8 — okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamanye amathiyi amaningi aluhlaza. Ukunaba okude lapho umswakama uphezu kakhulu (90%) kusiza ekuhlukaneni okungaphambili kwamaprotheni ngezinsiza-buchopho kanye nokuqoqeka kwama-amino acid akhululekile.

* **‘Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng):** 130°C. Indlela ‘yokushaya nokunyakazisa’ (抛抖, pāo dǒu) — ukuphenduka okuphakeme kuvimbela ukusha futhi kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa okulinganayo.

* **Ukugoqwa (揉捻, róuniǎn):** Ukucindezela okuncane, imizuzu engu-4–8. Kuchitha izindonga zamaseli ukuze kube lula ukuphuma, kusungula isimo sokuqala.

* **Ukoma kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng):** Ngomoya oshisayo. Ukwehlisa umswakama kufinyelele ku ~15–20%.

* **Ukoma kabusha (复烘, fù hōng):** Izinga eliphakathi lokulungisa umswakama.

* **Ukoma kokugcina ngamalahle (木炭烘焙, mùtàn hōngbèi):** Kufinyelele umswakama ≤7%. Amalahle ekhuni anikeza ukushisa okuncane kwe-infrared, okwandisa ivumba le-kastani ngaphandle kwamaphunga ‘ashile’ ajwayelekile elangabini eliqondile.

Ngethiya elithi **‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’**: ukwenqatshelwa okungasho shuqhu kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nezimonyo zamakhemikhali. Uhlelo olusebenzisa i-AI lulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela, lilungise indlela yokugazinga ngokususelwa emininingweni yezinzwa zomswakama nezinga lokushisa lamahlamvu.

**6. Izici Zokuhlola:**

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** **Ibanga eliphakeme**: amacephe aqondile, ahlangene, aluhlaza anoboya obuningi, ‘njengamahlamvu kaqalo’ (紧直绿润, jǐn zhí lǜ rùn). **Ibanga lokuqala**: anjengamashiya (眉形), ahlangene. **Ziningi**: inqwaba eluhlaza eplazwe.

* **Ivumba leqabunga elomile:** I-kastani (栗香, lìxiāng) — eliyisisekelo, elifudumele, eliqhubekayo. Ebangeni eliphakeme — kunenothi eyengeziwe ‘ethambile’ (嫩香, nèn xiāng), esha futhi icishe ibe nobisi. Emikhiqizweni eminingi — lihlanzekile (清香, qīng xiāng).

* **Ivumba lokuphisa:** I-kastani efudumele, elivela ngezigaba ezimbili: esokuqala — ‘ukushaya okunamandla kwe-nut’, esesibili — igagasi elithambile lotshani nobumnandi obuncane. Ukuqina kwevumba — okungu-5–6 ukudonsa ebangeni eliphakeme.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) — ama-amino acid angu-4,3% (ophawu oluphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili.) kunikeza uhlaka olucacile ‘lwe-umami’. Kuqinile (醇厚, chún hòu) — okuphakeme okukhishwa emanzini (≥35%). Ukubuya komnandi — okuqhubekayo, nokuphela ‘okunobisi nokunambitheka okumnandi’ okuhle. Umunyu nokubaba — kuncane ngenxa yokulingana okuphansi kwama-polyphenol nama-amino acid.

* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Uluhlaza ntambama, ukhanya (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Usobala, nethoni encane ephuzi lapho ukhanyiselwa.

* **Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Liphuzi ngokuluhlaza, lifana, amahlamvu avuleka ‘njengezimbali’ (芽叶成朵, yá yè chéng duǒ) — uphawu lokuqoqa nokucubungula ngokucophelela.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-amino acid (氨基酸):** **4,3%** — okuphindwe kabili kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza (~2–3%). Ingxenye enkulu yi-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸). Okuphakeme kubangelwa yizinto ezintathu: izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 (ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kucindezela ukuguqulwa kwe-theanine ibe ngama-catechin), ukwehluka kwansuku zonke >10°C (izinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusuku linciphisa ukuguguleka kwama-amino acid) kanye nemhlabathi ene-selenium (i-Se ibamba iqhaza ekuguqulweni kwama-amino acid).

* **Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚):** 30,35% — izinga eliphakathi ngenhla. Uhlaka lwe-catechin luyalingana: ‘ufuzo’ olwanele ngaphandle kokuqina okweqile.

* **Okukhishwa emanzini (水浸出物):** ≥35% — ‘ukugcwala’ okuphezulu kokuphisa, ukuphinde ukuphisa okuningi.

* **I-Selenium (Se, 硒):** ≥0,3 mg/kg ebangeni eliphakeme. Evela emhlabathini one-selenium weJīnfóshān (ngokwendawo i-Se >1 ppm). I-Selenium iyingxenye eyisidingo enemiphumela yokulwa nomoya, yokuxhasa amasotsha omzimba, kanye nokuvikela indlala yesitho somqala.

* **I-caffeine (咖啡碱):** Cishe 3,0–4,0% — elinganiselwe, elijwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza.

* **Amavithamini:** C, B₁, B₂, E, K. UVithamini C ulondolozeka ngenxa yokucubungula okuthambile.

* **Amaminerali:** K, Mg, Mn, Zn, F, Se. I-Strontium (Sr) — ileveli encane evela emithonjeni yamanzi asezintabeni.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

* **Umthelela wokulwa nomoya:** Ama-polyphenol (30,35%) + i-selenium — isistimu ephindwe kabili yokulwa nomoya. I-Selenium iyi-cofactor ye-glutathione peroxidase — enye yezinsiza-buchopho ezibalulekile zokuvikela umzimba.

* **Umthelela wokuqinisa amandla:** I-caffeine + i-L-theanine — amandla amnene, aqhubekayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

* **Ukuxhasa amasotsha omzimba:** Ama-amino acid (4,3%) + i-selenium. I-theanine ikhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli we-T lymphocyte. I-Selenium isekela ukusebenza kwe-thymus nokukhiqizwa kwezilwanyane.

* **Ukuxhasa indlala yesitho somqala:** I-Selenium iyingxenye yezinsiza-buchopho ezi-guqula i-thyroxine (T₄) ibe yi-triiodothyronine (T₃). Ukudla itiye eline-Se njalo kungase kube usizo ezindaweni ezinokuntula i-selenium.

* **Ukuxhasa ukuguqulwa kwe-lipid:** Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) asiza ekubonakaleni kwamafutha nasekulweni ukujwayela kwezinga le-cholesterol.

* **Imisebenzi yokuqonda:** I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukunaka namandla okusebenza kwenkumbulo, ikhuthaze amagagasi e-α ebuchosheni.

* **Ukuvikela uqweqwe lwamazinyo:** I-fluoride evela eqabungeni letiye inomthelela wokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85°C ebangeni lokuqala nelesibili. Ebangeni eliphakeme ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ — 75°C (izinto eziphilayo ezithambile zidinga indlela enesineke).

* **Ubuningi betiye:** amagremu angu-3 kumlilitha angu-150 (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

* **Izitsha:**

	* **Ingilazi (玻璃杯):** Ilungele ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ — ukubuka ukuvuleka ‘kwamahlamvu kaqalo’.
	* **I-gaiwan (盖碗):** Ezigabeni zokuqala neziningi — ukudonsa okufushane okulawulekayo.

* **Inqubo (ingilazi, ibanga eliphakeme):**
	1. Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
	2. Thela amanzi (75°C) engxenyeni engu-7/10 yomthamo.
	3. Faka itiye ngendlela ‘yaphezulu’ (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ — amanzi kuqala, bese kuba itiye).
	4. Ukwenza itiye okokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30.
	5. Okulandelayo — + imizuzwana engu-15.
	6. Singasebenza izikhathi ezingu-4–5.

* **Inqubo (i-gaiwan, ibanga lokuqala):**
	1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan nechahai.
	2. Faka amagremu angu-3–4 etiye. Ukuwasha — imizuzwana engu-5, uchithe.
	3. Ukudonsa okokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
	4. Okulandelayo — + imizuzwana engu-5.
	5. Singasebenza okungu-6–8 ukudonsa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izimo:** Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ncamashí, efrijini 0–5°C. Kungcono — ukupakishwa nge-vacuum noma nge-nitrogen.
* **Itiye elisha:** Ukulala ‘amasonto angu-1–2’ ngemuva kokukhiqizwa ukuze kuzinziswe ivumba.
* **Izitha zetiye:** Umswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amaphunga angaphandle. Itiye eliqukethe i-Se lizwela kakhulu ekukhungatheni — kufanele ligcinwe livaleke ngokuphelele.
* **Isikhathi sokugcina:** Ekupakishweni okuvaliwe, ku-0–5°C — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Engelona Ngokoqobo:**

* **Imihlahlandlela yentengo:**
	* **‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠, ibanga eliphakeme):** 5000–10,000 Yuan/kg — ileveli ephakeme kakhulu, efaniswa naleyo ye-Lóngjǐng ephakeme.
	* **Ibanga lokuqala (一级):** 800–2000 Yuan/kg.
	* **Iningi (二级):** Lithengekayo, elisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo engelona ngokoqobo:**
	* Thenga ngophawu lwendawo yokukhiqiza ‘南川绿茶’ — uphawu olusemthethweni lokuvikela.
	* I-‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ yoqobo — amacephe aqondile, ahlangene, esimo ‘seqabunga likaqalo’, aluhlaza enoboya. Amacephe amakhulu noma axegayo — uphawu lokushintshwa.
	* Hlola ivumba: eliqinile le-kastani elinenothi ‘ethambile’. Ukungabikho kwevumba noma ‘ubukhali botshani’ — kuyasola.
	* Hlaziya okuphisiwe: uluhlaza ntambama, ukhanya, usobala. Ukuphisa okufiphele noma okumnyama — ukuchezuka.
	* Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ ayinakuba engaphansi kakhulu kwe-5000 Yuan/kg.

**12. Amaphuzu Anentshisekelo:**

* **Intaba ye-UNESCO.** IJīnfóshān — ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’ — indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (izindawo eziluhlaza, 2014). Izinhlobo eziphezu kwe-5000 zezitshalo, eziyi-181 ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela, kufaka phakathi ‘Izinhlobo Ezinhlanu Eziyingqayizivele’ (五绝): izihlahla zetiye zasendle, uqalo oluyisikwele, umsayipresi wesiliva, umginkgo, umrhododendron oyisihlahla. Itiye iNánchuān Lǜchá — lingelinye lamathiyi ambalwa emhlabeni akhula entabeni ebhaliswe ku-UNESCO.

* **ULù Yǔ kanye ‘nokugoqwa kabili’.** 「巴山峡川有两人合抱」 — incazelo yezihlahla zetiye ezinkulukazi ku-‘Mthetho Wetiyie’, okucatshangwa ukuthi ibhekise eJīnfóshān, lapho nanamuhla kukhula khona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 *Camellia nanchuanica*, esikhulu kunazo zonke sineminyaka efinyelela ku-2700.

* **‘Kusukela eBìnhuà — elincono kakhulu’ (ngekhulu lesi-5).** UMáo Wénxī encwadini ‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu (《茶谱》) wabhalela iNánchuān (=iBìnhuà) njengendawo enhle kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezintathu zetiye zaseFúzhōu — okunye kobufakazi obudala kakhulu obubhaliwe mayelana netiye lalesi sifunda.

* **Igolide laseGeneva (ngo-1987).** Itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān lazuzisa indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla — okuphakeme kakhulu kokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwaduma itiye elibomvu, kepha uphawu lwamuva ‘lwaphendukela’ etiyeni eliluhlaza.

* **4,3% ama-amino acid — ‘imfihlo yenkungu’.** Okuqukethwe ngama-amino acid kuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza — umphumela wezinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260, umswakama ongu-90%, kanye nemhlabathi ene-selenium. Ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-theanine ibe ngama-catechin, kulondoloze isakhiwo ‘se-umami’.

* **Ukwenganyelwa kwe-AI + ‘izindlela eziyishumi zesandla’.** Ukukhiqiza kwamanje kwe-‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ kuhlanganisa amasu endabuko okusebenza ngezandla (十大手法, azuzwa kumandla baseLiányúngǎng) nobuhlakani bokumakha obulawula izinga lokushisa lokugazinga ngesikhathi sangempela — omunye wemigudu yetiye esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lobuciko eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina.

* **‘金佛山珍’ — ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’.** Igama eliyisithako le-Nánchuān Lǜchá, elikhombisa imvelaphi yalo entabeni ebaluleke emhlabeni wonke.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amathiyi aluhlaza:**

* **Méngdǐng Gān Lù ([蒙顶甘露](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mengding-gan-lu), Méngdǐng Gānlù):** Itiye lasendulo eliluhlaza laseSichuan, elivela naso endaweni enezintaba (iMéngdǐng, 1456 m). Isimo — esigoqiwe, ivumba — le-kastani. INánchuān Lǜchá ihluke ngalokhu: okuphakeme kakhulu kwe-Se, isimo esiqondile ebangeni eliphakeme, izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 (siphikisana nezinsuku ezingu-300 zelanga eMéngdǐng).

* **Chóngqìng Yǒngchuān Xiùyá (重庆[永川秀芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongchuan-xiu-ya), Yǒngchuān Xiùyá):** Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseChóngqìng elidume kakhulu. ‘Ihlumela elibucayi’ laseYǒngchuān — isimo sinaliti, isakhiwo esisha. INánchuān Lǜchá yona iyahlangana, inevumba le-kastani eliqine kakhudlwana kanye nenzuzo ye-Se.

* **Ēnshī Yù Lù ([恩施玉露](https://thetea.app/zu/article/enshi-yulu), Ēnshī Yùlù):** Okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza elikhulu elenziwe ngomusi eChina (elivela kuhlelo lwaseHúběi). Nalo liyi-Se-itiye (i-Ēnshī ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu ze-Se emhlabeni). Umehluko — kucwaningo: i-Ēnshī Yù Lù iyagcina umusi (蒸青), kanti iNánchuān iyagazinga (炒青) futhi yomisiwe ngamalahle, inikeze isakhiwo esifudumele ‘se-kastani’ esikhundleni ‘sotshani obusha’.

* **Fènggāng Fùxī Fùsè Chá (凤冈富锌富硒茶, Fènggāng Fùxīn Fùxī Chá):** Itiye laseGuizhou eline-Se-Zn, imbangi eqondile emkhakheni ‘we-selenium’. Zombili ziyitiyi eliluhlaza lasezintabeni ezine-Se, kodwa iNánchuān Lǜchá inomlando ocebe kakhudlwana (uLù Yǔ, ‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’) nendawo yemvelo ye-UNESCO.

**Ekuphetheni:**

INánchuān Lǜchá — itiye elivela ‘eNtabeni Yegolide KaBuddha’, intaba ebhaliswe ku-UNESCO: izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260, umhlabathi one-selenium, ama-amino acid angu-4,3%, ukoma ngamalahle kanye ‘nezindlela eziyishumi zesandla’ ezingaphezu kokulawulwa yi-AI. Kusukela ‘Encwadini Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu yekhulu lesi-5 kuya egolidini laseGeneva lango-1987, kusukela etiyeni elibomvu laseRussia kuya etiyeni eliluhlaza ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’ elibiza 10,000 Yuan/kg — iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisi-1.5 yesiko letiye, elifinyelelwa igama lesimanje elithi ‘金佛山珍’ — ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’.

Leli tiye — lelabo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza ‘elinozimba’: eliqinile, elisha, elinesakhiwo esicacile ‘se-umami’ kanye nenzuzo eyengeziwe ye-organic selenium. Futhi lelabo ababona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inkomishi esandleni sabo — ingumphumela wezinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 entabeni umhlaba wonke owamukela njengefanele ukuvikelwa.