---
title: "Mópíng gòngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/moping-gongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Mópíng gòngchá (磨坪贡茶)

**Moping Gongcha** (*Mópíng gòngchá*, 磨坪贡茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lamadolobhana amathathu edolobhana laseLimiao (李庙镇) esifundeni saseNanzhang (南漳县) emkhakheni wedolobha laseXiangyang enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei. Igama lalo livela edolobhaneni laseMopingsi (磨坪寺), eliqanjwe ngesigodlo sezindela esidala: umlando wesifunda wenkathi kaTongzhi uthi itiye lalapha “laliziswa ngesikhathi salo”. Igama elithi “gongcha” lisho “itiye lentela”, kodwa imibhalo ephathelene nokuthunyelwa enkantolo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama livikelwe njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kwathi ngo-2025 itiye lavunywa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Imibhalo yokuvikela ichaza imigoqo eluhlaza okotshani eqinile enoboya, uketshezi olukhanyayo kanye nephunga lamakinathi.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Umthetho wophawu lwezolimo ubala izinyathelo zokucubungula — ukufakwa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukusontwa kanye nokomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘青, *hōngqīng*) — bese ubeka umkhiqizo ngaphansi kwezinga elithi “Ukudla Okuluhlaza — itiye”; uhlelo lwezinga umthetho ulubiza ngezindlela ezahlukene — kwenye indawo kuthiwa NY/T 288-2002, kwenye kuthiwa NY/T 288-2012.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHubei; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, *Húběi*), umkhakha wedolobha laseXiangyang (襄阳, *Xiāngyáng*), isifunda saseNanzhang (南漳, *Nánzhāng*), idolobhana laseLimiao (李庙, *Lǐmiào*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amadolobhana amathathu edolobhana laseLimiao — iMopingsi (磨坪寺), iQuanjiawan (全家湾) neLiuping (刘坪). Indawo ilele enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda, amakhilomitha angu-23 ukusuka esikhungweni sesifunda; empumalanga inqamula idolobhana laseChengguan, eningizimu iqamula iXueping, entshonalanga iqamula iChangping, enyakatho iqamula isifunda saseGucheng.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** 111°29′–111°46′ empumalanga nobude kanye no-31°43′–32°00′ enyakatho nobubanzi.
* **Ungaphambanisi:** Ilokishi laseMoping (磨坪乡) esifundeni saseZigui liyindawo ehlukile.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itempeli kanye netiye.** Ngokwesizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo, isigodlo sezindela iMopingsi ngaphambili sasibizwa ngeXiangguosi (相国寺) futhi sasungulwa ngesikhathi sombusi wakwaTang uZhongzong. Umlando wesifunda saseNanzhang wenkathi kaTongzhi uthi lapha “kukhiqizwa itiye, elibizwa ngelaseMoping, elaliziswa ngesikhathi salo” (产茶，名磨坪茶，为时所珍). Ngokwesizindalwazi esifanayo, umlando wenkathi yeriphabhulikhi wenezela ukuthi eduze kwethempeli kwakukhula izihlahla zetiye ezingaphezu kweshumi ezinambitheka omnandi (寺旁有茶树十数株，味芳美); lezi zicaphuno azikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa ngemibhalo yokuqala.
    * **Igama elithi “gongcha”.** Ukuthi kwenzeka nini futhi ngani ukuthi kwengezwe igama elithi “贡” (*gòng*, “intela”) egameni, imithombo etholakele ayichazi; ubufakazi bokuthunyelwa enkantolo abukho kuyo.
    * **2014.** UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa “磨坪贡茶” njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (irekhodi AGI01546). Isimemezelo sikamnyango esinguNombolo 2179 esizindalwazini sezimpawu zendawo sibhalwe ngomhla ka-28 Novemba 2014; incwadi yereferensi ibiza usuku lokugunyazwa ngomhla ka-18 Novemba. Umnikazi — Inhlangano Yokutshala Itiye iMoping Gongcha yesifunda saseNanzhang (南漳县磨坪贡茶种植专业协会).
    * **2025.** Ngokwesimemezelo seChina National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) esinguNombolo 640, itiye lavunywa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ngo-Agasti 2025, ihhovisi lesifundazwe lezimpawu lwendawo lafaka ohlwini lwabavunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile inhlangano yasendaweni yokutshala itiye (南漳县春天里茶[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)植专业合作社).
* **Igama:** “Moping” (磨坪) lisuka edolobhaneni laseMopingsi, lapho kwakumi khona isigodlo sezindela; “gongcha” (贡茶) lisho “itiye lentela”.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwesizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo, indawo ezungeze iMopingsi kudala yayibizwa “ngomthombo omncane wamapesika” (小桃源, *xiǎo táoyuán*).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** 鸠坑 (*Jiūkēng*) — ukuphela kohlobo ezidingweni ze-CNIPA zika-2025. Umthetho ka-2014 ubiza lolu hlobo njengoluyinhloko: luhlobo olugunyazwe ezingeni lesifundazwe futhi lukhethwe ngenxa yekhwalithi, ukuqina kanye nesivuno esizinzile.
* **Izinga lokukha:** Ukuvuna kuqala lapho kumithrafa eyisikwele eyodwa yomphezulu wesihlahla kunamahlumela ajwayelekile angu-15–20. Ukuthi yimaphi amahlumela — ihlumela elilodwa, “ihlumela elilodwa — iqabunga elilodwa” njalonjalo, umthetho awukucacisi.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Ngesikhathi sezulu esicacile, ekuseni. Amaqabunga afakwa esitsheni sikadayi. Izikhathi zenkathi azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda saseNanzhang. Umthetho ubiza indawo ngokuthi ibandayo futhi iphakeme (高寒山区), inezintaba nemifula eminingi, inenkungu nemifudlana eminingi. Isisho sendawo siyichaza ngokuthi “izingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye izintaba, uhhafu amanzi, uhhafu wengxenye insimu” (九山半水半分田).
* **Ukuphakama:** Umehluko endaweni usuka ku-101 kuye ku-1410 m. Ukuthi izingadi zikuphi ukuphakama, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Inhlabathi:** Izinhlabathi ezijulile eziphuzi-nsundu eziyisihlabathi (黄棕砂壤土) ezine-pH 5–6,5. Emasimini kudala kufakwa umquba wengulube nowezinkomo futhi kulinywa utshani, ngakho izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini ziningi.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi esinamandla emvula. Ngokomthetho, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-16 °C, umswakama ohlobene ungu-62 %, izinsuku ezingenasithwathwa zingu-245, amahora elanga angu-1780 kanye nemvula engu-1140 mm ngonyaka.
* **Ihlathi namanzi:** Umthetho endaweni eyodwa ubiza amaphesenti angu-90 ehlathi, kwenye indawo uthi ukhula lumaphakathi namaphesenti angu-75. Eduze kwezingadi kukhula iphayini, icyprus, ipoplar, i-cunninghamia (杉), ipetshisi, i-castnut, ipheya kanye ne-ginkgo. Izingadi ziniselwa ikakhulu ngamanzi emvula.
* **Ubuchwepheshe bokulima:** Izinto eziphilayo zifakwa ekwindla ngokumba okujulile nasebusika; izihlahla ziyathenwa kanye ngonyaka, ngemuva kokuvuna kwentwasahlobo; ukulwa nezinambuzane kusetshenziswa izicupho zokukhanya — esisodwa kuma-mu angu-50.
* **Ubukhulu kanye nokukhiqiza:** 86,7 ha kanye namathani angu-33 ngonyaka — ngokomthetho. Ngokwencazelo yereferensi, ngo-2018 amathani angu-33 etiye aletha izigidi ezingu-21,12 zama-yuan; itiye lithengiswa eWuhan, eXiangyang, eGuangzhou nakwamanye amadolobha, kanye nasezifundazweni zaseHenan naseShaanxi.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umthetho ubala izinyathelo ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa nesikhathi. Amaqabunga ahlanzwa ngesandla kungcola, bese:

1. **Ukuhlukaniswa ngamazinga (分级摊青, *fēnjí tānqīng*):** Amaqabunga amasha andlalwa ngokwehlukana ngamazinga ezinto zokusetshenziswa.
2. **Ukufakwa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa ukufakwa komoyampilo.
3. **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4. **Ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘青, *hōngqīng*).**
5. **Ukubunjwa (整形, *zhěngxíng*).**
6. **Ukuphakanyiswa koboya (提毫, *tíháo*):** Isinyathelo lapho uboya obumhlophe buba sobala emigoqweni.
7. **Ukomiswa kokugcina (烘干, *hōnggān*).

Izincazelo zezinyathelo 1, 2 no-6 ziyimfundo ejwayelekile ngetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi umbhalo womthetho.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Incazelo — evela emthethweni wophawu lwezolimo (2014). Izidingo ze-CNIPA zika-2025 zichaza itiye ngamafuphi futhi ngokuhlukile kancane: imigoqo iminyene futhi imincane, inoboya (条索紧细显毫), iluhlaza okotshani; uketshezi luphuzi-luhlaza futhi lukhanyayo (黄绿明亮); ukunambitheka kumnandi, nokubuya okumnandi (浓郁回甘); iphunga lamakinathi liqinile (栗香持久); iqabunga eliphisiwe liluhlaza okotshani futhi liyalingana.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imigoqo iqinile futhi imincane, kodwa iqinile futhi iqondile (紧细硕壮挺直), iluhlaza okotshani, inoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo (白毫显露).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga loketshezi:** Lamakinathi (栗香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kunothile, kusha futhi kuyavuselela, kumelana nokuthelwa kaningi (浓厚，鲜爽耐泡).
* **Umbala woketshezi:** Uphuzi oluncane, obala futhi okhanyayo (嫩黄，清澈明亮).
* **Iqabunga eliphisiwe:** Liluhlaza okotshani, liyalingana futhi liyafana (嫩绿整齐一致).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izindlela ezimisiwe zemibhalo emibili ziyahluka:

| Inkomba | Umthetho wophawu (2014) | Izidingo ze-CNIPA (2025) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Iipolifenoli | ≥ 15 % | ≥ 20 % |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | ≥ 36 % | ≥ 40 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | ≤ 6,0 % | ≤ 6,0 % |
| I-cellulose eluhlaza | ≤ 10,0 (embhalweni — “mg/kg”) | ≤ 10,0 (embhalweni — “mg/kg”) |
| Umswakama | ≤ 6,0 (embhalweni — “mg/kg”) | ≤ 6,0 (embhalweni — “mg/kg”) |

Kwe-cellulose nomswakama, iyunithi “mg/kg” ayinangqondo — cishe kuyiphutha lokubhala esikhundleni samaphesenti, elidluliselwe embhalweni ka-2014 ukuya embhalweni ka-2025; izindlela ezimisiwe zibhalwe njengasemithonjeni.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza. Izincomo zokuphisa azikho emibhalweni yokuvikela.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:** Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60, bese kuba nokuphindwa kabili noma kathathu; umthetho uphawula ukuthi itiye limelana nokuthelwa kaningi.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephasheni elivaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; itiye eliluhlaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lilahlekelwa iphunga, ngakho kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo zokuthengisa ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo; ngokomthetho, abakhiqizi bendawo bafaka isicelo kumqaphi wophawu futhi bamaka itiye ngegama elifanayo kanye nophawu olujwayelekile.
    * Hlola imvelaphi: amadolobhana amathathu edolobhana laseLimiao esifundeni saseNanzhang.
    * Qhathanisa ukubukeka: imigoqo eqondile eluhlaza okotshani enoboya obumhlophe, uketshezi olukhanyayo oluphuzi oluncane noma oluphuzi-luhlaza, nephunga lamakinathi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Umlando wenkathi kaTongzhi ubiza itiye “ngelasemoping” ngaphandle kwegama elithi “intela”: igama elithi “gongcha” embhalweni alichazwanga.
* EHubei kukhona “amaMoping” amabili: idolobhana laseMopingsi esifundeni saseNanzhang kanye nelokishi laseMoping esifundeni saseZigui.
* Umthetho ubeka ukuqala kokuvuna hhayi ngosuku, kodwa ngobuningi bamahlumela esihlahleni.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseHubei:**

* **Baokang Lücha ([保康绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baokang-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseBaokang esinezintaba emkhakheni ofanayo waseXiangyang.
* **Xieshan Diecui ([薤山叠翠](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xieshan-diecui)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zaseXieshan esifundeni saseGucheng — umakhelwane osenyakatho wendawo yaseMoping Gongcha.
* **Meizi Gongcha ([梅子贡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meizi-gongcha)):** Elinye “itiye lentela” laseHubei, elivela esifundeni saseZhuxi enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IMoping Gongcha itiye eliluhlaza elincane lasentabeni lamadolobhana amathathu eduze kwesigodlo sezindela esidala saseMopingsi. Ngomlando okuncane okwaziwayo, kodwa imibhalo yokuvikela icacile: uhlobo olulodwa kuphela 鸠坑, ukuvuna ngobuningi bamahlumela, imigoqo eqinile eluhlaza okotshani enoboya obumhlophe, uketshezi olukhanyayo kanye nephunga lamakinathi.