---
title: "Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-mannuo-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá (勐海曼糯茶)

**Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá** (*Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá*, [勐海](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meng-hai)曼糯茶) wuphawu lwendawo twetiye, oluqanjwe ngedolobhana laseMànnuò (曼糯) esifundeni saseMěnghǎi eSishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni saseYunnan. Isigaba somkhiqizo asishiwongo emibhalweni etholakele, futhi indawo ngokwayo ayicacile kahle: kunamadolobhana amabili abizwa ngeMànnuò eMěnghǎi. Elaziwa kakhulu liseMěngwǎng Township enyakatho impela yesifunda; izincwadi zetiye zibiza izingadi zalo ezindala ngokuthi “iBānzhāng encane”.

**1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunqunywanga: umbhalo wophawu awusho isigaba. Kusuka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zamaqabunga amakhulu zaseMěnghǎi kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko i-shēng pu’er (生普, *shēngpǔ*), kodwa futhi netiye elibomvu nelimhlophe. Izincwadi zetiye zichaza itiye laseMànnuò njenge-pu’er.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lezingadi ezindala zaseMěnghǎi; uphawu lwendawo. Uhlu alulucacisi uhlobo lwalo, kanti abezindaba babiza izimpawu zesifunda ngokuthi eziqinisekisayo (证明商标).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), i-Xishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳, *Xīshuāngbǎnnà*), i-Měnghǎi County (勐海县, *Měnghǎi Xiàn*). Kukhona ababili abangenele:
    * **IMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township** (勐往乡, *Měngwǎng xiāng*) — ngokwezincazelo, ekomitini lasemakhaya laseMěngwǎng, emngceleni neLáncāng County kanye neSimao District yedolobha lasePu’er.
    * **IMànnuò yaseBùlǎngshān** ([布朗山](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bu-lang-shan), *Bùlǎngshān*) — izincazelo ziyibeka ekomitini lasemakhaya, igama lalo elibhalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene (曼昂, 勐昂, 勐昴), kanti enye incazelo iyibeka ekomitini lasemakhaya laseJíliáng (吉良).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Uhlu libeka iMěnghǎi County njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga, futhi ukuthi uphawu lubhekise kuliphi kula madolobhana amabili, umbhalo awushongo.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** IMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township, ngokwezincazelo, ingu-22°24′ N no-100°25′ E. Azikho izixhumanisi zedolobhana laseBùlǎngshān emithonjeni etholakele. Isifunda ngokwaso iMěnghǎi siphakathi kuka-21°28′ no-22°28′ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umgwaqo wetiye.** Kuze kube yinkathi yeRiphabhulikhi, itiye lezintaba ezisentshonalanga yeLáncāng, ngokwezincazelo, lalihamba ngeMěnghǎi, iMěng’ā neMěngwǎng, liwele umfula eNuòzhā bese liya eSīmáo nasePǔ’ěr. IMànnuò yayimi kulo mgwaqo.
    * **Ukufuduka.** Ngokwezindaba zabantu abadala bendawo, ezicashunwa yizincwadi zetiye, abakwaBùlǎng bafika eMànnuò bevela eLáncāng eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amane edlule. IMànnuò ibizwa ngedolobhana lokuqala lamaBùlǎng eMěngwǎng futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke.
    * **Ukuchuma nokuwohloka.** Ngokwalezo zindaba, ezabhalwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2010, eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa kuya kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kwalokho idolobhana lalinemizi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili kanye namathempeli amabili obuBuddha. Ngemva kuka-1949 kwakhiwa umgwaqo omkhulu osuka eMěnghǎi uya eLáncāng, amakharavani ahamba, itiye aleka ukuthengwa; amathempeli ayesegugile, kungekho mali yokuwalungisa, adilizwa ngo-1958, izihlahla zetiye zagawulwa ukuze kutshalwe okusanhlamvu, kanti isigodi sase sigxile erabheni. Lokhu kuchazwa yizincwadi zetiye; angizange ngiyibone imibhalo.
    * **Izimpawu zaseMěnghǎi.** Uphawu oluyisambulela “勐海茶” lwafakwa isicelo ngo-2012 yisikhungo setiye sesifunda, lwabhaliswa ngo-2014 futhi lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-2016. Ohlwini lwezimpawu ze-GI zaseYunnan ekupheleni kuka-2019, emva kwalo kulandela izimpawu eziyishumi nanhlanu zasezintabeni nasemadolobhaneni, phakathi kwazo kukhona “勐海曼糯茶”. Abezindaba bango-2022 bakhuluma ngezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zesifunda — okufanayo nenani lezimpawu zetiye zaseMěnghǎi ohlwini, uma kubalwa nesambulela.
* **Igama:**
    * “Měnghǎi” (勐海) yigama lesifunda.
    * “Mànnuò” (曼糯) yigama ledolobhana. Emagameni endawo olimini lwesiDai “màn” (曼) kusho “idolobhana”; incazelo yohlamvu lwesibili ayichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
    * “Chá” (茶) itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township inezindawo ezintathu zokuhlala: eDàzhài kuhlala abakwaBùlǎng, eShàngzhài ama-Han, eZhōngzhài ama-Han namaLāhù. Inganekwane ixhumanisa idolobhana netshe “elinomkhondo womuntu ongafi”, lapho ngokwezindaba kwakufika khona abakwaBùlǎng bevela ngisho naseMyanmar.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Itiye lendawo lamaqabunga amakhulu lezingadi ezindala; uhlobo alushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. NgeMànnuò yaseBùlǎngshān incazelo yokuhweba ebhekisa ocwaningweni lwezihlahla zetiye ezindala zesifunda zango-2004 ithi kunama-mu angu-60 ezingadi zohlobo lwe-苦茶 (*kǔchá*, “itiye elibabayo”): linamaqabunga ababayo, kodwa aftertaste emnandi.
* **Ukuvuna:** Izikhathi azishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Alikashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Izincazelo zikhuluma ngezingadi ezindala ezingaphezu kuka-2000 mu eMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township. Izidingo zophawu ngezinto zokusetshenziswa angizibonanga.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Inyakatho yesifunda iMěnghǎi, iMěngwǎng Township, lapho kuhlangana khona iLáncāng County neSimao District. Ukuma kwesigodi kunqunywa intaba iDàhēishān (大黑山): inyakatho-ntshonalanga iphakeme, maphakathi kukhona isigodi saseMěngwǎng, kanti emngceleni osempumalanga kugeleza umfula iLáncāng (澜沧江, *Láncāng jiāng*).
* **Izingadi:** Ngokwezincazelo, zisemthambekeni osempumalanga, obheke emoyeni, weDàhēishān, esigodini somfudlana iXiǎngshuǐhé (响水河), kumakhilomitha angu-85 ukusuka enkabeni yesifunda.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Idolobhana — **1266 m**; ngentaba yetiye iMànnuò ngokuphelele enye incazelo inikeza u-1200–1300 m.
* **Umhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Enye incazelo ithi eMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township kuna-1300–1400 mm wemvula ngonyaka; ayikho eminye imininingwane yesimo sezulu emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokuphakama, umhlabathi nesimo sezulu sedolobhana laseBùlǎngshān nawo akukho mininingwane.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe betiye elingaphansi kophawu abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Nge-shēng pu’er yezihlahla ezindala ukulandelana okuvamile kanje:

1.  **Ukuvuna (采摘, *cǎizhāi*).**
2.  **Ukupholisa amaqabunga (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
3.  **Ukuqinisa ebhodweni (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, *shàigān*):** Kutholakala i-máochá exegayo ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*).
6.  **Ukucindezela (紧压, *jǐnyā*):** Akudingekile.

Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beMěnghǎi Mànnuò chá.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Incazelo engezansi izincwadi zetiye ziyinikeza nge-pu’er yezihlahla ezindala zaseMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township. Emkhiqizweni ongaphansi kophawu akekho owayixhumanisa ngokusemthethweni nayo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Lisongwe ngokuqinile, limnyama kakhulu futhi licwebezela (条索紧结较黑亮).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga letiye:** Lihlanzekile (茶香纯正), linethoni enamandla “yezintaba nehlathi” (山野气较强); iphunga lihlala phansi kwenkomishi (杯底留香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Ukubaba kuyabonakala, ukuvuthwa kuhlala isikhathi eside, kodwa etiyeni kukhona ubumnandi; ukubuya okumnandi akufiki ngokushesha, kodwa kuhle, itiye ligcwele kakhulu (苦显涩长，汤中有甜，回甘稍慢但较好，汤尚饱满).
* **Umbala wetiye:** Kusagolide okuphuzi, okukhanyayo (汤色金黄明亮).
* **Amabum娑 etiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe):** Kuphuzi okuluhlaza, kulingana (叶底黄绿匀齐).

Ngetiye laseMànnuò yaseBùlǎngshān enye incazelo ithi nje ukuthi ukubaba nokuvuthwa kwalo kunamandla kakhulu, kanti itiye ngokwalo “licebile ngokuqukethwe” (苦涩味很重，内含物质丰富).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokqobo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Inkambiso yesigaba. Uphawu alishongo isigaba; imihlahlandlela engezansi ingeye-shēng pu’er, okuyiyona ncazelo yetiye laseMànnuò ezincwadini zetiye.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Igàiwǎn noma imbiza yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye; elicindezelwe — lephule ngokucophelela, ungalichobozi iqabunga.
    3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–15.
    5. Thela ngokuphelele, ungashiyi iqabunga emanzini.
    6. Yandisa isikhathi ngokuthela ngakunye; ngezinto ezibabayo kungcono ukunciphisa ukuchitheka.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Inkambiso yesigaba. I-shēng pu’er igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya ongena kahle ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle, ephepheni noma kokunye ukupakishwa okuphefumulayo. Leli tiye liyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi livame ukugcinwa ngamabomu isikhathi eside.

**11. Intengo Kanye Namanga:**

Awekho amanani amanje emithonjeni etholakele. Incwadi yezohwebo ithi kusuka ngo-2010 kuya ku-2016 intengo yetiye lezihlahla ezindala zaseMànnuò yenyuka ngokuphindwe kayishumi; anginakho engingakuqinisekisa ngalesi sibalo.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:**
    * Cacisa ukuthi iyiphi iMànnuò ekhulunywa ngayo: leli gama liphethwe amadolobhana amabili esifunda, futhi itiye lawo lihlukile.
    * Funa uphawu “勐海曼糯茶” futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowaseMěnghǎi County.
    * Khumbula ngokuhlanganisa: ngokwamazwi encwadi efanayo, abahwebi abangathembekile bahlanganisa itiye laseMànnuò netiye laseLǎo Màn’é bese bedayisa ingxube njengeLǎo Bānzhāng.
    * Qhathanisa ukubukeka nezincazelo: iqabunga elimnyama eliqinile, ukukhanya okusagolide okuphuzi.

**12. Amaqiniso Ahehayo:**

* EMěnghǎi kunamadolobhana amabili abizwa ngeMànnuò, futhi igama lesidlaliso “iBānzhāng encane” (小[班章](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ban-zhang)) libhekise kulelo eliseMěngwǎng Township.
* Izingadi zaseMànnuò yaseMěngwǎng Township ziyizingadi ezindala ezisenyakatho impela yesifunda: kuya emfuleni iLáncāng ngokuqondile kungaphezudlwana nje kwamakhilomitha angu-10.
* Idolobhana lichazwa njengendawo yokuma emgwaqeni wetiye osuka eMěnghǎi uya endaweni yokuwela iLáncāng.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye aseMěnghǎi:**

* **Lǎo Bānzhāng ([老班章](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laobanzhang)):** Inkomba ye-pu’er yaseBùlǎngshān enamandla; kusuka kuyo kuvela igama lesidlaliso “iBānzhāng encane”.
* **Lǎo Màn’é ([老曼峨](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lao-man-e)):** Itiye laseBùlǎngshān elibabayo; ngokwamazwi encwadi yezohwebo, yilo Mànnuò elihlanganiswa nalo uma kwenziwa umgunyathi weLǎo Bānzhāng.
* **Měnghǎi (勐海):** Isifunda kanye nophawu lwaso olusambulela; “勐海曼糯茶” ingenye yezimpawu ezihlukene zesifunda ngokwezintaba namadolobhana.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IMěnghǎi Mànnuò chá wuphawu olunemibuzo eminingi kunemibhalo: isigaba asishiwongo, kanti amadolobhana anegama elifanayo esifundeni amabili. Elaziwa kakhulu yilelo eliseMěngwǎng Township: ingadi endala esenyakatho impela yeMěnghǎi, indawo yokuma yakudala emgwaqeni wetiye, izizwe ezintathu ezindaweni ezintathu zokuhlala kanye ne-pu’er, okuyincazelo yayo ezincwadini zetiye njengemnyama, ebabayo futhi emnandi emva kokunambitheka.