---
title: "Měnghǎi Hèsōng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-hesong-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Měnghǎi Hèsōng chá (勐海贺松茶)

**I-Menghai Hesong Cha** (*Měnghǎi Hèsōng chá*, [勐海](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meng-hai)贺松茶) wuphawu lwendawo lwetiye lase villagesini i-Hesong (贺松) esifundeni sase-Bada entshonalanga yesifunda sase-Menghai, i-Xishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. I-Hesong ayidume ngezingadi, kodwa ngehlathi: ehlathini lase-Daheishan (大黑山) eduze kwedolobhana ngo-1961 kwatholakala isihlahla setiye sasendle esiphakeme ngamamitha angu-32.12, esenza yonke indawo yase-Bada yaduma, futhi safa ngo-2012. Idokhumenti yophawu ayisho ukuthi imikhiqizo iyiliphi ikilasi, futhi angizange ngithole izincazelo zetiye lase-Hesong ngokwalo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akutholakali: uhlu lwezimpawu alusho ikilasi. Izingadi ezindala zase-Menghai ziwumthombo wempahla yamaqabunga amakhulu ikakhulukazi e-puer, kodwa kusuka kulelo qabunga kwenziwa netiye elibomvu, kanye netiye elimhlophe; ukuthi uphawu lumboza muphi umkhiqizo, akwaziwa.
* **Isigaba:** Uphawu lwasedolobhaneni lwesifunda sase-Menghai. Uhlu alucacisi uhlobo lophawu, kodwa abezindaba babiza izimpawu zesifunda ngezintaba namadolobhana ngokuthi izimpawu zokuqinisekisa (证明商标).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), i-Xishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳, *Xīshuāngbǎnnà*), isifunda sase-Menghai (勐海县, *Měnghǎi Xiàn*), isifunda sase-Bada ([巴达](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qianjiazhai-bada), *Bādá*), idolobhana i-Hesong. Ngokombhalo wephephabhuku i-Puer, kuhlala ama-Aini (僾尼, *àiní*), okuyigatsha lesizwe sama-Hani.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Uhlu lubonisa isifunda sase-Menghai njengobunikazi bokuphatha bophawu; umnikazi wophawu ngokwakhe akabiziwe, futhi umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1961–1962 — ukutholakala.** Ngokombhalo wephephabhuku i-Puer, ngo-Okthoba 1961 ama-Aini endawo athola isihlahla setiye esikhulu ehlathini elisezintabeni eduze kwase-Hesong. I-Yunnan Tea Institute yathumela abacwaningi kuso kabili — ngo-Okthoba 1961 kanye nangoFebruwari 1962. Ngokombhalo wesango letiye, kusuka e-Menghai baya e-Bada bahamba ngezinyawo izinsuku ezintathu, futhi ubude balikala ngonxantathu phansi, futhi, bengakholelwa emamitheni angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, babuya bezophinda balikala. Iphephabhuku lebhizinisi i-Jiemian lithi ukutholakala kwenzeka ngo-1962.
    * **Isihlahla.** Ubude — 32.12 m, ububanzi besiqu cishe 1 m, iminyaka ngokwesilinganiso sochwepheshe — ngaphezu kwe-1700. Ngo-1967 umoya waphula isihloko, kwahlala 14.7 m. Ukuzungeza phansi iphephabhuku likubiza ngokuthi 3.2 m, kanti irekhodi lokuhlola lika-1978 ekulandiseni kwesango lithi 2.9 m.
    * **1980.** Ngokwephephabhuku, kulelo hlathi linye kutholakala isihlahla sasendle esikhudlwana — 34 m ubude no-3.8 m ukuzungeza. Noma kunjalo, "iNkosi" ngomkhuba kwaqhubeka kubizwa esokuqala.
    * **2004.** Iziphathimandla zesifunda kanye ne-Tea Institute bahlola imithombo yetiye yasendle futhi babala ngaphezu kwe-6000 mu yemiphakathi yezihlahla ezindala. Iphephabhuku lithi le-6000 mu ingeyasehlathini i-Xiaoheishan (小黑山), kanti i-Jiemian ibhala nge-6000 mu yezihlahla ezindala ehlathini i-Daheishan eduze kwase-Hesong.
    * **2012 — ukufa.** Ngokwe-Jiemian, isihlahla safa ukufa kwemvelo ngo-2012; iphephabhuku i-Puer libhala nokufa ngenxa yokuguga. Izinsalela zesiqu, ngokwephephabhuku, kuthiwa zathathwa zayiswa edolobheni njengombukiso, kanti endaweni yesihlahla kukhona i-gazebo kanye netshe lesikhumbuzo.
    * **Izimpawu.** Uphawu oluyi-umbrella lwe-«勐海茶» lwafakwa ngo-2012 yisikhungo setiye sesifunda futhi lwabhaliswa ngo-2014; ngokwe-«Yunnan Daily» (2022), isifunda sabhalisa izimpawu zokuqinisekisa eziyi-16, kuhlanganise ne-«勐海[班章](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ban-zhang)茶» kanye ne-«[勐海保塘茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-baotang-cha)». Ohlwini lwezimpawu ze-GI zase-Yunnan lwango-28 Disemba 2019, i-«勐海贺松茶» imi emgqeni wama-226, phakathi kwezimpawu eziyishumi nanhlanu zezintaba namadolobhana ase-Menghai.
* **Igama:** I-«Menghai» (勐海) yigama lesifunda, i-«Hesong» (贺松) yigama ledolobhana, i-«cha» (茶) itiye. Ukuchazwa kwegama ledolobhana akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umbhalo ngomlando wokutholwa esangweni letiye ubeka isihlahla sase-Bada ochungechungeni lwama-«kings of tea» omlando: isihlahla samasiko sase-Nannuoshan, isasendle sase-Bada kanye nesokushintsha sase-Banwei ([邦崴](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bangwai)). Iphephabhuku i-Puer libhala ukuthi ukutholakala kwenza iBada yaba indawo yokuhambela abathandi betiye, futhi izakhamuzi zase-Hesong zihambisa izivakashi ezihlahleni zasendle ehlathini i-Daheishan.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Cultivar:** Kutiye elingaphansi kophawu akubizwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isihlahla- patriarch.** Irekhodi lokuhlola lika-1978 ekulandiseni kwesango letiye: iqabunga liyi-elliptic, liluhlaza okotshani, liyacwebezela, linesikhumba; iqabunga elivuthiwe ngokwesilinganiso lingama-14 cm ubude (12–17) no-6 cm ububanzi (5–7), imithambo engama-8–11 ngazimbili; ihlumela liqinile futhi lide, lingenaboya, liphuzi-luhlaza, izembozo zibomvu-ngokubomvana; amahlumela aqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kamuva isihlahla sahlukaniswa njengohlobo lwe-大理茶 (*dàlǐ chá*). Ngokwamazwi abantu bendawo kulelo rekhodi, ehlathini kukhona ezinye izihlahla eziyisishiyagalolunye zasendle zohlobo olufanayo.
* **Amahlumela asendle.** Iphephabhuku i-Puer libhala ukuthi ezihlahleni zasendle zase-Daheishan ihlumela lide futhi licinene kunelamasiko, futhi aliluhlaza, kodwa liyi-purple-brown.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuvuna kanye nezinga lokuvuna:** Azikho izidingo zophawu, izikhathi kanye nezinga lokuvuna emithonjeni etholakele. Ukubuyekezwa kwezintaba zetiye esangweni letiye kuthi izihlahla zasendle zase-Daheishan zingohlobo lwe-大理茶 futhi kubala ezinye izindawo ezingu-3451 mu zezingadi zasendle ezindala endaweni yase-Bada; akukho data ngokuhlukile ngezingadi zase-Hesong.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isifunda sase-Bada emngceleni neMyanmar. I-Jiemian isibeka entshonalanga yesifunda, omunye umbhalo usibeka eningizimu.
* **Ukuphakama:** Idatha iyaphikisana: irekhodi lika-1978 libeka isihlahla- patriarch ekuphakameni cishe kwama-1500 m, kanti ukubuyekezwa kwezintaba zetiye kubeka ku-1910 m, yonke i-Daheishan massif iku-1760–2000 m. Ukuphakama kwedolobhana ngokwalo kanye nezingadi zalo akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Irekhodi lika-1978 libiza isimo sezulu eduze kwesihlahla ngokuthi yi-tropical. Eminye imininingwane yesimo sezulu nge-Hesong ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Inhlabathi:** Eduze kwesihlahla- patriarch — i-red-brown, enongqimba olujiyile kanye nepulangwe elikhulu le-humus (irekhodi lika-1978). Kwi-Bada jikelele omunye umbhalo ubiza inhlabathi ephuzi (黄壤).
* **Ihlathi:** I-Daheishan massif — ngokwerekhodi lika-1978, ihlathi lokuqala lesibili emithambekeni emikhulu; isihlahla sakhula emthambekeni oseningizimu-mpumalanga we-ridge. Ukubuyekezwa kwezintaba zetiye kubiza ihlathi ngokuthi i-monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, indawo engu-5 km²; i-massif, ngokwalokho kubuyekezwa, imenyezelwe njengendawo yokulondoloza.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe betiye elingaphansi kophawu abukho emithonjeni etholakele, ikilasi alibizwanga. Umkhiqizo omkhulu wezingadi ezindala zase-Menghai yi-sheng puer (生普, *shēngpǔ*); uma uphawu lumboza lokho, uhlelo olujwayelekile lunjena:

1.  **Ukuvuna (采摘, *cǎizhāi*).**
2.  **Ukupholisa amaqabunga (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
3.  **Ukuqondisa ebhodweni (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Ukusonta (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, *shàigān*):** Kutholakala i-maocha exegayo ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*).
6.  **Ukucindezela (紧压, *jǐnyā*):** Akudingekile.

Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwekilasi, hhayi incazelo yobucwepheshe be-Menghai Hesong Cha.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa:**

Azikho izincazelo zetiye lase-Hesong emithonjeni etholakele. Nge-Bada jikelele i-Jiemian ibhala ngephunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okugcwele kanye nenothi elimnandi elibonakalayo (香气高扬，滋味浓厚，甜香明显); ukudlulisela lokhu e-Hesong akunakwenzeka.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokumnika:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Umbala wokumnika:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Indawo yekamelo le-tiye (iqabunga eligxishiwe):** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho idatha ngetiye elingaphansi kophawu. Kukhona kuphela ukuhlaziywa kwamaqabunga amadala esihlahla- patriarch kusuka kurekhodi lika-1978 ekulandiseni kwesango: i-caffeine — 1.14 %, izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini — 21.27 %, ama-polyphenols ancibilikayo emanzini — 6.07 %. Isango liphawula ukuthi lezi zinombolo zehluke kakhulu kudatha yesihlahla samasiko sase-Nannuoshan. Azihlangene netiye elingaphansi kophawu.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Uphawu alusho ikilasi; imihlahlandlela engezansi ingeye-sheng puer, umkhiqizo omkhulu wezingadi ezindala zase-Menghai.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
* **Imbiza:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza imbiza.
    2. Faka itiye; elicindezelwe — likhiphe ngokucophelela, ungalicwi iqabunga.
    3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese ukhipha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — 10–15 imizuzwana.
    5. Thela ngokuphelele.
    6. Yengeza isikhathi ngokuphisa ngakunye.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. I-sheng puer igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya ongenakho ukukhanya nephunga langaphandle, epakishweni eliphefumulayo; ivame ukugcinwa iminyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:**

Ayikho idatha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwe-«勐海贺松茶» futhi uhlole ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Menghai.
    * Khumbula ukuthi esifundeni sase-Bada kunezinye izimpawu — i-«[勐海章朗茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-zhanglang-cha)» kanye ne-«[勐海巴达曼迈茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-bada-manmai-cha)»: «itiye lase-Bada» akusho ukuthi «itiye lase-Hesong».
    * Ungakholwa kalula «itiye lesihlahla senkosi sase-Bada»: isihlahla esidumile sase-Hesong safa ngo-2012.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Ubude besihlahla ngo-1961 balikala ngonxantathu phansi; amamitha angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu abonakala njengephutha, futhi ngoFebhuwari 1962 isihlahla baphinde balikala — konke kwavumelana.
* Ngo-1961 indlela kusuka enkabeni yesifunda kuya e-Bada yathatha izinsuku ezintathu ngezinyawo.
* Ngo-1980 eduze kwatholakala isihlahla esiphakeme kunesidumile — 34 m, kodwa «inkosi» kwaqhubeka kungesokuqala.
* Lapho kwakumi khona isihlahla, manje kukhona i-gazebo enetshe lesikhumbuzo.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane:**

* **I-Menghai Zhanglang Cha (勐海章朗茶):** Uphawu lwesigodi sama-Bulang sesifunda sase-Bada esifanayo, lapho kukhona izingadi ezindala zamasiko.
* **I-Menghai Bada Manmai Cha (勐海巴达曼迈茶):** Uphawu lwesigodi i-Manmai sesifunda sase-Bada esifanayo.
* **I-Qianjiazhai ne-Bada (千家寨 · 巴达):** Isihloko se-encyclopedia yethu ngezihlahla zasendle- patriarch, kuhlanganise nesihlahla se-Bada esifile.
* **I-Menghai (勐海):** Isihloko sokubuyekezwa kwe-encyclopedia ngesifunda.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Menghai Hesong Cha wuphawu lwesigodi esidunyiswe isihlahla esisodwa: umdondoshiya wasendle ngamamitha angu-32, owatholakala ehlathini lase-Daheishan ngo-1961, wenza iBada yaba indawo yokuhambela futhi wafa ngo-2012. Ngetiye ngokwalo elingaphansi kophawu imibhalo ithule: akukho kilasi, akukho ncazelo, akukho mnikazi. Konke okwaziwayo ngokuqinisekile wumgqa wohlu lwesifundazwe kanye nomlando wehlathi elizungeze isigodi.