---
title: "Měnghǎi Bǎotáng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/menghai-baotang-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Měnghǎi Bǎotáng chá (勐海保塘茶)

**I-Menghai Baotang Cha** (*Měnghǎi Bǎotáng chá*, [勐海](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meng-hai)保塘茶) wuphawu lwendawo lwetiye lase-Baotang (保塘), idolobhana elidala letiye lezintaba zase-Mengsong (勐宋) esifundeni sase-Menghai (勐海县) eSifundazweni Esizimele Sase-Xishuangbanna Dai, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. I-Baotang iyindawo emibili yokuhlala: endala, yama-Lahu, nentsha, yama-Han; phakathi kwazo kunekhilomitha elilodwa, kanti izingadi zazo ezindala zihlangana zibe yindawo eyodwa engaphezu kwenkulungwane yama-mu. Izincazelo ezidumile zibiza ingadi endala yase-Baotang ngokuthi imele kakhulu e-Mengsong ngobukhulu nangeminyaka yezihlahla; iminyaka yezihlahla kuzo ilinganiselwa ku-200–700 weminyaka. Uphawu lungenela ochungechungeni lwezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha isifunda ezazithola ezintabeni nasemadolobhaneni aseduze kophawu lwesambulela oluthi «勐海茶». Isigaba somkhiqizo asinqunywanga wuphawu.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunqunywanga embhalweni wophawu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa — amaqabunga ezihlahla zetiye ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezivela ezingadini ezindala. Kuleli qabunga e-Menghai ngokuyinhloko benza izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-pu'er, kodwa benza netiye elibomvu, nelimhlophe; ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ohlanganiswa wuphawu, irejista ayisho.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye ledolobhana lezingadi ezindala; uphawu lwendawo ohlwini lwesifundazwe sase-Yunnan lwamhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2019. Imithombo yezindaba ibiza izimpawu zalolu chungechunge ngokuthi izimpawu zokuqinisekisa.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), iSifunda Esizimele Sase-Xishuangbanna Dai (西双版纳傣族自治州, *Xīshuāngbǎnnà Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu*), isifunda sase-Menghai (勐海县, *Měnghǎi Xiàn*), ilokishi lase-Mengsong (勐宋乡, *Měngsòng Xiāng*), idolobhana lase-Baotang (保塘, *Bǎotáng*).
* **Indawo yokuvikelwa:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba isifunda sase-Menghai njengobunikazi bokuphatha bophawu. Ukuthi indawo yophawu iyafana nezindawo zedolobhana, angikaze ngikuhlole.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** Ilokishi lase-Mengsong — cishe u-22,06° N kanye no-100,56° E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Izingadi ezindala.** Iminyaka yezihlahla zase-Baotang izincazelo ezidumile ziyilinganisela ngezindlela ezahlukene: 200–700 weminyaka, kwezinkulu kakhulu — 500–700 weminyaka noma «hhayi ngaphansi kwe-700». Ngokomunye wemibhalo, lapha kunezihlahla ezingaphezu kweshumi ezinobubanzi besiqu obungaphezu kuka-150 cm. Ababhali balezi zincazelo babheka izingadi ezindala zase-Baotang kanye nentaba engumakhelwane i-Nanuo ([南糯山](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nannuoshan)) njengezingadi zesikhathi esicishe sifane; lokhu ukuhlola kwabo, hhayi umphumela wokuqagela kweminyaka.
    * **Indawo yokuhlala entsha.** Ngokwezincazelo zendawo, i-Baotang entsha yasungulwa ngama-Han afika lapha ngeminyaka ye-Guangxu (光绪, 1875–1908) yobukhosi bakwa-Qing; idolobhana lineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
    * **2012–2014.** Isikhungo sesifunda sobuchwepheshe betiye sifake isicelo sophawu lwesambulela oluthi «勐海茶» ngo-2012; uphawu lwabhaliswa ngo-2014.
    * **Izimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha.** Imithombo yezindaba yango-2022 ibhala ukuthi eduze kophawu lwesambulela isifunda sabhalisa izimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zezintaba namadolobhana, kanti ezokuqala kuzo zibizwa ngokuthi «勐海[班章](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ban-zhang)茶» kanye ne-«勐海保塘茶».
    * **2019.** I-«勐海保塘茶» isohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu zendawo zase-Yunnan lwamhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2019.
    * Izinombolo, umnikazi, unyaka wokubhalisa kanye nemithetho yophawu emithonjeni etholiwe akukho; ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza manje, angikaze ngikuhlole.
* **Igama:**
    * «I-Menghai» (勐海) — igama lesifunda.
    * «I-Baotang» (保塘) — igama ledolobhana. Izincazelo zegama emithonjeni etholiwe azikho.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Baotang ingenela «amadolobhana ayisikhombisa ase-Mengsong» (勐宋七寨): i-Baotang endala nentsha, i-Naka ([那卡](https://thetea.app/zu/article/naka)), i-Da'an (大安), i-Nanben (南本), i-Damanlü (大曼吕) kanye ne-Bameng (坝檬). I-Baotang endala imibhalo iyibiza ngokuthi idolobhana lama-Lahu kuphela, entsha — elama-Han.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Itiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu lezingadi ezindala. Uhlobo oluthile noma inani lendawo emithonjeni etholiwe alishiwongo.
* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa:** Amaqabunga ezihlahla ezindala ([古树](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushu-dashu-taidi-yesheng), *gǔshù*); ngokwezincazelo, iminyaka yezihlahla — kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-700 weminyaka; izihlahla ezinobukhulu obuphindwe kabili lapha, njengoba kubhaliwe, azivamile.
* **Ukuvuna:** Izikhathi emithonjeni etholiwe azikho.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Emithonjeni etholiwe alivezwanga.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Imithetho yophawu angiyibonanga; izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa emithonjeni etholiwe azikho.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-Mengsong enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda sase-Menghai. I-Baotang, ngokwezincazelo ezahlukene, ilele emakhilomitheni ayi-7–10 ukusuka enkabeni yelokishi.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Izincazelo ziyahlukana. Enye ibiza ukuphakama kwendawo yetiye ye-Baotang endala cishe **1760 m**, enye — 1700–1800 m, eyesithathu ibhala ukuthi izingadi ezindala zilele ikakhulu **ngaphezu kwe-1800 m**.
* **Ubukhulu bendawo:** Izingadi ezindala ze-Baotang entsha nendala — indawo eyodwa ecishe ibe **1050 mu** (cishe amahektha angama-70), ngokwezincazelo. Sekukonke e-Mengsong izingadi ezindala, ngokwemibhalo, zicishe zibe ngu-3800 mu.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Imininingwane eqondene ne-Baotang emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.
* **Inhlabathi:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe emithonjeni etholiwe abukho, futhi uphawu aluqinisekisi umkhiqizo. Ukubukeka okuvela emibhalweni ngedolobhana kufana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zelanga ze-sheng pu'er. Kulezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*) ukulandelana okuvamile kunje:

1.  **Ukuvutshelwa (摊晾, *tānliàng*):** Iqabunga elisha lilaliswa ngongqimba oluncane.
2.  **Ukuqedwa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Iqabunga liyashiswa ebhodweni ukuze kumiswe i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga liyasontwa ngezandla noma ngomshini.
4.  **Ukomiswa elangeni (晒干, *shàigān*):** Iqabunga elisonyiwe lomiswa elangeni.

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe betiye lase-Baotang.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Izincazelo ezingezansi zivela emibhalweni edumile ngetiye ledolobhana, hhayi embhalweni wophawu; isigaba somkhiqizo kuzo asishiwongo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Lisontwe ngokuqinile, limnyama linokukhanya okunamafutha, imiqumbe emikhulu, uboya besiliva bubonakala kahle (条索紧结、乌黑油润、芽头肥大，银毫特显).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.
* **Iphunga lokumpompoma:** Liphezulu, linomlingiswa onamandla «wezintaba» (山野气强). I-Baotang yaziwa ngefomula ethi «iphunga eliphezulu, amanzi amnandi» (香高水甜).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Amandla nobumnene kuyalingana, akukho kubaba, ukuqina kulula, ngemva kokugwinya — ukukhiqizwa kwamathe (柔烈适中，不苦稍涩……过后生津).
* **Umbala wokumpompoma:** Osagolide, osobala futhi okhanyayo (汤色金黄透亮).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe):** Lithambile, lithembekile futhi linamanzi (叶底柔嫩肥硕).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba somkhiqizo asinqunywanga wuphawu; ngezansi kukhona izinkombandlela ze-sheng pu'er, okufana nakho okuchaziwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

* **Ukushisa kwamanzi:** 90–100 °C.
* **Ubuningi betiye:** 5–7 g ku-100–120 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Geza kafushane iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachithe.
    4. Ukumpompoma kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
    5. Thela ku-chahai, bese ezinkomishini.
    6. Ukuthela okuphindwayo ngokwengeza isikhathi kancane kancane; iqabunga lezihlahla ezindala ngokuvamile likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa okuningi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba we-sheng pu'er. Endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile engenakho ukukhanya nephunga langaphandle, ekupakisheni okuqinile kodwa okungavaliwe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokushintsha okukhulu komswakama. I-sheng pu'er ivumela ukuvuthwa; uma kungenye isigaba, izimo kufanele zishintshwe ngokusho kwaso.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu oluthi «勐海保塘茶».
    * Igama ledolobhana elidumile ekupakisheni alisho ukuthi iqabunga livunwe ezingadini zalo: amadolobhana angomakhelwane ase-Mengsong akhiqiza izinto ezifanayo.
    * Imibhalo ichaza iqabunga elomile elinemiqumbe emikhulu enoboya; ukuthenga kufanele kuqhathaniswe nalokhu kubukeka, kodwa ukubukeka kukodwa akufakazeli imvelaphi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-Baotang — amadolobhana amabili ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa: endala yama-Lahu nentsha yama-Han, kubanga lekhilomitha elilodwa.
* Indawo yama-Han, ngokwezincazelo zendawo, yasungulwa ngeminyaka ye-Guangxu (1875–1908).
* Emithonjeni yezindaba ngezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zase-Menghai uphawu lwe-Baotang lubizwa ngokuthi lwesibili — ngokushesha ngemva kwe-«勐海班章茶».
* Le Mengsong, yase-Menghai, ese-Xishuangbanna ibizwa ngokuthi «i-Mengsong enkulu»; «i-Mengsong encane» — ikomidi ledolobhana elinegama elifanayo elokishini lase-Menglong edolobheni lase-Jinghong.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namatiye angomakhelwane:**

* **I-Naka (那卡):** Idolobhana lama-Lahu lezintaba ezifanayo zase-Mengsong kanye nelinye «lamadolobhana ayisikhombisa»; itiye elingumakhelwane, kodwa elihlukile.
* **I-Huazhuliangzi shengcha ([滑竹梁子生茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hua-zhu-liang-zi-sheng-cha)):** I-sheng pu'er evela emgqonyeni ophakeme wase-Mengsong; i-athikili ye-corpus ikhuluma nge-Baotang phakathi kwamadolobhana endawo.
* **I-Banzhang (班章):** Idolobhana elidume kakhulu lase-Menghai; linophawu lwalo oluthi «勐海班章茶» lochungechunge olufanayo nolwe-Baotang.
* **I-Menghai (勐海):** Ukubukwa kwesifunda, okuhlanganisa i-Baotang ne-Banzhang.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Menghai Baotang Cha wuphawu lwegama ledolobhana elilodwa: izindawo ezimbili zokuhlala kubanga lekhilomitha elilodwa, lapho izingadi zazo ezindala zihlangana zibe indawo ecise ibe yinkulungwane yama-mu ekuphakameni kwe-1700–1800 m nangaphezulu. Imibhalo ngophawu uqobo incane — akukho nombolo, akukho mnikazi, akukho mithetho emithonjeni evulekile, futhi asisunguli isigaba. Kodwa ngedolobhana kuyabhalwa ngenjabulo: izihlahla ezinikezwa iminyaka efinyelela ku-700, iqabunga elimnyama elinamafutha elinemiqumbe yesiliva, ukumpompoma okusagolide, iphunga eliphezulu namanzi amnandi.