---
title: "Máoyán méichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/maoyan-meicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Máoyán méichá (茅岩莓茶)

**Maoyan Meicha** (*Máoyán [méichá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meicha)*, 茅岩莓茶) — isiphuzo esenziwe ngamahlumela amancane namaqabunga omvini 显齿蛇葡萄 (*Ampelopsis grossedentata*) emndenini wamagilebhisi, ovela esifundeni sase-Yongding (永定区) emkhandlwini wedolobha lase-Zhangjiajie, esifundazweni sase-Hunan. Asikho isihlahla setiye lapha: i-«Hunan Ribao» ibiza lezi ziphuzo ngokuthi «imikhiqizo efana netiye» (类茶制品). Uphawu oluphambili — uphaphe olumhlophe eqabungeni, ngenxa yalokhu isiphuzo sasibizwa nge-霉茶, «itiye lesikhunta». Igama livikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo kusukela ngo-2010 futhi njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Isikhundla setiye esenziwe ngeqabunga le-*Ampelopsis grossedentata*, akulona itiye le-*Camellia sinensis*; akukho ezigabeni eziyisithupha zetiye.
* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), umkhandlu wedolobha lase-Zhangjiajie (张家界, *Zhāngjiājiè*), isifunda sase-Yongding (永定, *Yǒngdìng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Izifunda ezine namadolobhana enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Yongding — uLuotaping (罗塔坪乡), uQing'anping (青安坪乡), uWentang (温塘镇) kanye noSanjiaguan (三家馆乡). Umfakisicelo wango-2025 — i-Zhangjiajie Meicha Development Service Center (张家界莓茶发展服务中心).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 110°04′15″–110°19′23″ empumalanga, 29°06′37″–29°24′36″ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Izinganekwane.** Ngokwe-«Hunan Ribao» (2019), isiphuzo savela ekupheleni kwe-Yuan nasekuqaleni kwe-Ming emhlabeni wokuphatha kwendabuko wase-Maogang (茅岗土司), sineminyaka engaphezu kuka-600, futhi umlando we-«Yongding Xiangtu Zhi» (《永定乡土志》) ububiza ngokuthi «itiye laphezulu lama-Tujia» (土家神茶). Umkhiqizi ukhuluma ngeminyaka engu-700 futhi ulandisa izinganekwane — ngebutho lika-Qin Hou (覃垕) elavula umvini, nangokufuniswa okuyize kuka-Li Shizhen. Lezi yizinganekwane, akusizo imibhalo.
    * **1993–1995.** Isazi samahlathi sabona ukuthi «itiye lesikhunta» lendawo liyi-*Ampelopsis grossedentata* futhi saliqamba ngokuthi 茅岩莓 — ngomfula nangokufana kwegama 莓 («amajikijolo») esikhundleni sika-霉 («isikhunta»). Ukufunwa kwemibhalo ngo-1994 nango-1995 akutholanga ucwaningo ngesitshalo noma ngesiphuzo.
    * **2010.** Ngokwe-encyclopedia ye-Baidu, mhla ziyi-15 Novemba 2010 uMnyango Wezolimo wathatha «茅岩莓茶» njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo; inombolo yokubhalisa — i-AGI00396.
    * **2013.** Ngokwesifunda, uhlobo lwamaqabunga amancane 显齿蛇葡萄 lwamukelwa njengento entsha yokudla.
    * **2018.** Ngokwe-«Hunan Ribao», i-Zhangjiajie meicha yamukelwa njengomkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kwemvelaphi yezemvelo.
    * **2021.** Ngokwehlukile ku-茅岩莓茶, kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «张家界莓茶».
    * **2025.** Isimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 640 sango-16 Julayi (esizeni — mhla ziyi-13 Agasti) saqaphela i-茅岩莓茶 njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — ngokombiko wokugada kwemakethe yedolobha, ngokudluliswa kophawu lwezolimo.
* **Igama:** 茅岩 — umfula i-Maoyan (茅岩河), ogwadwini lwawo okwatholakala futhi kwaqanjwa khona isitshalo; 莓 — «amajikijolo», igama elifanayo nelithi 霉 «isikhunta»; 茶 — itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Kuma-Tujia isiphuzo sibizwa ngokuthi «itiye laphezulu», «itiye elimnandi» kanye ne-«tiye lamazolo»; isifunda sase-Yongding sinesihloko esithi «izwe lokuzalwa kwe-meicha».

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Isitshalo:** 显齿蛇葡萄 (*Ampelopsis grossedentata* (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang), uhlobo lwe-*Ampelopsis* emndenini wamagilebhisi: umvini onamahlumela amancane, onamaqabunga ahlanganisiwe nangezinsika zokubamba. Izinto zokusetshenziswa — uhlobo lwamaqabunga amancane (小[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)), olubizwa nangokuthi «itiye lomvini» (藤茶).
* **Endle kanye nokutshalwe:** Isampula okwatholakala ngalo isitshalo ngo-1993 lenziwa ngomvini wasendle. Ngo-2021, ngokwesifunda, e-Yongding kwakunama-mu angaphezu kuka-81,000 e-meicha, okuyingxenye yawo engaba ngu-20,000 ama-mu — amahlathi asendle. Izidingo zika-2025 zitshela ukutshala uhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lwamaqabunga amancane, oluvundiswe ngendlela engakhiqizi (无性繁殖), ngokufaka umquba nangokunqunywa ebusika.
* **Ukuvuna (izidingo zika-2025):** Ezingadini ezineminyaka emibili nangaphezulu — kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube maphakathi no-Novemba: kuze kube uSepthemba kuvunwa amahlumela amancane omvini, kusukela ngo-Septhemba — amaqabunga avuthiwe ahlanganisiwe. Ukuvuna ngesandla.

**4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-Wuling (武陵山), enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sase-Yongding.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Izidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 encazelweni yomkhiqizo zibiza **800–1500 m**, njengoba kwenza umkhiqizi; abaphathi besifunda babhala ngo-400–1500 m.
* **Umhlabathi:** Izidingo zika-2025 — umhlabathi ojulile emithambekeni engekho ngaphezu kuka-25° nge-pH 4,5–6,5; encazelweni yomkhiqizo lapho — «i-sandstone ebomvu» (红砂岩). Abaphathi besifunda babhala ngomhlabathi we-quartz-sandstone, kanti nge-meicha yasendle — ngomhlabathi onsundu onesihlabathi nge-pH 4,0–6,02.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isifunda nomkhiqizi bakhuluma ngenkungu engapheli; imininingwane yokushisa nemvula ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ubukhulu:** Ngokwesifunda (2025), i-meicha kulo lonke i-Yongding — cishe ama-mu angu-115,000.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zika-2025 zichaza ubuchwepheshe ngokuningiliziwe; izinto zokusetshenziswa — iqabunga elisha lesigaba esiphezulu noma sokuqala.

1.  **Ukunaba (摊青, *tānqīng*):** ungqimba luka-10–20 cm emgodini noma u-3–4 cm emanetheni; entwasahlobo amahora angu-4–6, ehlobo nasekwindla amahora angu-2–4.
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** emshinini we-microwave emhubheni ku-64–74 °C, imizuzu emi-2–3.
3.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** umzuzu owodwa kuya kwemibili, ngesigaba sesibili imizuzu emi-3–4.
4.  **Ukuvela kwekristalu (析晶, *xījīng*):** iqabunga esikhwameni esimhlophe esihlanzekile ligcinwa ekhabhinethini yokushisa ku-50–60 °C — ehlobo amahora angu-2–2,5, entwasahlobo nasekwindla amahora angu-3–4.
5.  **Ukulinganisa nokomisa (理条、干燥):** ukomisa kokuqala ngongqimba luka-0,5 cm, bese kuba amahora angu-2–4 ku-45 °C nemizuzu eyi-10–15 ku-60–65 °C.

Uphaphe olumhlophe isifunda siluchaza kanje: ngesikhathi sokucubungula amaseli ayaphuka, ama-flavonoid aphumela phezulu futhi akha «isithwathwa esimhlophe» (白霜). Incazelo yangaphambili yomkhiqizo, ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwezolimo, yayidinga ukucubungula ngokwezinga le-organic GB/T 19630.2—2005.

Isayithi le tiye lichaza nezindlela zendabuko: ukugazinga ebhodweni nokomisa elangeni (okungcono kakhulu — iqabunga «elimnyama nomhlophe» nophaphe oluningi), ukuthela ngamanzi abilayo (uphaphe oluncane, ubuhlungu), ukuvutshelwa enqwabeni (渥沤) nokumuncu, kanye nokomisa nje elangeni (uphaphe alukho, ukunambitheka akunamuntu).

**6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:**

Izidingo zokuvikela esikhundleni se-organoleptics zinikeza indaba: «umvini wokuphila isikhathi eside» kanye ne-«tiye laphezulu» (长寿藤、神茶), ukunambitheka okwehlukile nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemuva kanye ne-«ungqimba lwesithwathwa semvelo samaprotheni» (蛋白霜).

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Uphaphe olumhlophe; ezintweni ezinhle, ngokwesayithi le tiye, — iqabunga «elimnyama nomhlophe».
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Embikweni we-«Hunan Ribao» (2019) nge-Zhangjiajie meicha embukisweni wetiye — «iphunga elihlanzekile» (清香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okwehlukile, nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemuva (izidingo zokuvikela); nge-Yongshun meicha lelo phephandaba libhala: kunambitheka ubuhlungu kancane ekuqaleni, nokunambitheka okupholile nokumnandi ngemuva (入口微苦，回味清凉甘甜).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Azikho izincazelo zomkhiqizo ovikelwe.
* **Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga elithelwe):** Kulo mbiko ofanayo — amahlumela aqhakazile aluhlaza (翠绿明亮).

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 zibeka izinga: **ama-flavonoid aphelele angabi ngaphansi kuka-6 %**. Isifunda nabezindaba babhala ngaphezulu: ngokwesifunda, eziqwini ezisencane nasemaqabungeni ngokwesilinganiso kukhona ngaphezu kuka-26 % ama-flavonoid (kwenye indawo ekhasini elifanayo — ngaphezu kuka-30 %), emahlumeleni — kuze kufike ku-43,78 %; i-«Hunan Ribao» ibiza ne-dihydromyricetin (二氢杨梅素), ama-amino acid angu-17 kanye nezinto ezincane eziyi-14. Indlela nesampula akunikwanga emithonjeni; umehluko phezu kwezinga — ngokuphindwe kaningi.

**8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walesi siphuzo ngokwaso. Imiphumela yokwelapha ebalwa isifunda nomkhiqizi — amazwi abo, hhayi ubufakazi; ukuvunywa kuka-2013 kuphathelene nezinto zokudla ezingavuthiwe.

**9. Ukuthela:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Abaphathi besifunda beluleka ukuthela ngamanzi angaphezu kuka-90 °C futhi ngaphandle kokuhlanzwa; embukisweni, ngokombiko we-«Hunan Ribao», yathelwa ngamanzi abilayo enkomishini. Ngezansi — izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zeqabunga elomisiwe, elithelwa njenge tiye.

* **Izilinganiso:** 95–100 °C, 2–3 g ngo-150–200 ml, ukuthela kokuqala imizuzu emi-2–3, bese kuthelwa kaningana.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyelayo noma i-gaiwan.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, kude namaphunga nokukhanya.

**11. Amanani kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Funani uphawu olukhethekile lophawu lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela ezifundeni ezine zendawo evikelwe.
    * Isitshalo ngokwaso asibonisi imvelaphi: umvini ofanayo uthengiswa njenge-[永顺莓茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongshun-meicha), 凤凰雪茶, 恩施藤茶 nangamanye amagama.
    * Ungadidanisa amagama amathathu: «茅岩莓茶» — umkhiqizo ovikelwe, «张家界莓茶» — uphawu lwesifunda, «茅岩莓» — uphawu lokuhweba lwenkampani yangasese.
    * Akukho uphaphe olumhlophe — kungenzeka ukomisa nje elangeni.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* «Itiye lamajikijolo» aliqanjwa ngamajikijolo: u-莓 ungene esikhundleni segama elifanayo 霉, «isikhunta», ukuze kungaxoshi abathengi ngophaphe olumhlophe.
* Engadini evuthiwe umvini, ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, uvunwa izikhathi ezingama-20–25 ngonyaka.
* Isitshalo sabonwa mhla ziyi-12 Ephreli 1993; ngokwe-«Hunan Ribao», abalimi betiye bagubha lolu suku ngokwekhalenda lenyanga njengosuku lokuzalwa kwemboni.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye aseduze kanye nama-«tiye»:**

* **I-Zhangjiajie Cha ([张家界茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhangjiajie-cha)):** Uphawu lwesifunda lwe tiye langempela, olubhaliswe ndawonye ne-«张家界莓茶».
* **I-Yongshun Meicha (永顺莓茶):** Umvini ofanayo wesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Yongshun; ngokwe-«Hunan Ribao», livikelwe kusukela ngo-2004, ngaleso sikhathi ngaphansi kwegama 溪州莓茶 (eminye imithombo ibiza unyaka ka-2005).
* **I-Laifeng Tengcha ([来凤藤茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laifeng-tengcha)):** Umvini ofanayo ovela esifundazweni sase-Hubei i-Laifeng, umkhiqizo ovikelwe kusukela ngo-2013.
* **I-Guanshan Lianqiao Cha ([冠山连翘茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guanshan-lianqiao-cha)):** Iqabunga le-forsythia lase-Shanxi, nalo lamukelwa ngesimemezelo No. 640.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Maoyan Meicha — akulona itiye, kodwa iqabunga lomvini ovela esigodini somfula i-Maoyan nophaphe olumhlophe lwe-«sithwathwa» kanye nesigaba esikhethekile se-«kristalu» kubuchwepheshe. Izidingo zokuvikela ziningiliziwe futhi zibonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo usukile emvinini wasendle waya emasimini, kanti izinga lama-flavonoid lika-6 % likude kakhulu nalamashumi amane okukhangisa.