---
title: "lǜchá fěn"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/lucha-fen
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# lǜchá fěn (绿茶粉)

Igama elithi "impushana yetiye" esitolo lingasho izinto ezintathu ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezehluka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe nokuziphatha emanzini. Ngezansi umzamo wokuhlukanisa i-*mǒchá* (抹茶), ugodo olugayiwe lwe-green (绿茶粉) kanye netiye elincibilikayo (速溶茶), kuncike ezimpawini ezingaqinisekiswa, hhayi kwezentengiso.

## Kungani lokhu kuyizinto ezintathu ezehluke ngokuphelele

Umehluko omkhulu kulula ukuwubona engilazini. I-*Mǒchá* kanye nogodo olugayiwe lwe-green kuyinhlanganisela yamaqabunga aphelele agayiwe: uphuza iqabunga uqobo, izinhlayiya ziwela phansi, isiphuzo sinodaka futhi asibonisi. Itiye elincibilikayo liwuketshezi olukhishwe: iqabunga ligxishiwe, lihlukanisiwe, ingxubevange eyomisiwe; emanzini lincibilika ngokuphelele, lingashiyi insalela phansi. Lapha kuvela yonke eminye imehluko — ngombala, ukunambitheka, intengo kanye nokuziphatha kokupheka.

Kuyasiza ukususa ngokushesha ukudideka kwamagama. Ngokomlando, ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseTang futhi ikakhulukazi iSong, eChina babephuza itiye eligaywe laba yimpushana — i-*mòchá* (末茶, "itiye-uthuli"), elalihlohlwa libe igwebu; lesi siko letiye eliyimpushana elihlohliwe kamuva samukelwa futhi senziwa umthetho eJapan. Igama lesimanje lesiShayina elithi 抹茶 (*mǒchá*) lempushana yomkhosi etshalwe emthunzini — ngezinga elikhulu liwukubolekwa okuphindele emuva okuvela eJapan. Ngakho-ke "i-matcha yeqiniso yaseShayina" — kungumqondo onemibandela: kukhulunywa ngobuchwepheshe, hhayi ngobuzwe.

## I-Matcha 抹茶 (*mǒchá*): ukufakwa emthunzini nokugaywa ngamatshe

I-*Mǒchá* — akulona "ugodo lwe-green, olugayiwe". Lolu uchungechunge oluhlukile lobuchwepheshe, futhi yilona kanye olubeka intengo kanye nekhwalithi.

Ukufakwa emthunzini. Isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuvuna (okuyisilinganiso — amasonto ambalwa), izihlahla zimbozwa ngamanetha noma omathe besikhumba, zinqatshelwe ukukhanya okuqondile. Emthunzini, isitshalo sandisa i-chlorophyll kanye nama-amino acid (ikakhulukazi i-theanine) futhi sinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-catechin. Umphumela — umbala ocwebezelayo we-emerald, ukunambitheka okuthambile kwama-umami kanye nokuqothuka okunciphile. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba, impushana izoba nephuzi-oluhlaza futhi ibe nenkani.

Impahla eluhlaza (碾茶, *niǎnchá*). Amaqabunga athambile avuniwe ayashiswa (ukumiswa ngesitimu, hhayi ukufudumeza ngebhodwe), bese eyomiswa ngaphandle kokusontwa bese kukhishwa iziqu nemithambo. Kuvela "iqabunga-elingakasilungiswa" elixegaxegayo, elintekenteke — ngesiShayina 碾茶, ngesiJapan *tencha*. Ukungabikho kokusontwa kubalulekile: yilapho kuphela lapho iqabunga ligaywa khona kamuva libe yimpushana ecolekileyo.

Ukugaya. Ngokwejwayelekile — kusetshenziswa amatshe okugaya e-granite (石磨, *shímò*), azungeza kancane, ukuze angashisisi impushana (ukushisa kubulala umbala nephunga elimnandi). Ukukhiqizwa komshini wokugaya wamatshe kuphansi kakhulu, okuchaza intengo ephezulu ye-ceremonial grade. Izintambo zezimboni zisebenzisa izigayo ze-ball mill kanye ne-jet mill, kodwa abantu ngokwesiko bakhokha imali eyengeziwe ngomkhiqizo oqhamuka "etsheni lokugaya".

Ubucoliseko. I-*mǒchá* enhle igaywe yaba yizinhlayiya ezilingana ne-micron; uma uyithinta iyimpushana, hhayi "isihlabathi". Ubucoliseko bezinhlayiya buthinta ngqo ukuthi inhlanganisela izoba bushelelezi futhi izinze kangakanani uma ihlozwa.

> Ngezindinganiso. EChina kunendinganiso kazwelonke eqondile ye-matcha (抹茶); inombolo yayo lapho icashunwa kufanele iqinisekiswe kuhlelo lwamuva lwekhathalogu ye-GB/T, ngakho-ke lapha ayinikezwanga ngamabomu ukugwema amaphutha. Umqondo oyinhloko wendinganiso ngukuthi i-*mǒchá* ichazwa ngqo ngempahla eluhlaza eyenziwe emthunzini yohlobo lwe-碾茶 nokugaywa okucolisiseke ngokwedlulele, hhayi nje ngokuthi "ugodo lwe-green olugayiwe".

## Impushana kayogodo lwe-green 绿茶粉 (*lǜchá fěn*): iqabunga elifanayo, umqondo ohlukile

Ugodo lwe-green olugayiwe (绿茶粉, *lǜchá fěn*) lwenziwa ngogodo lwe-green olwejwayelekile, olungafakwanga emthunzini, olumiswa kakhulu ngokushisa (hhayi ngesitimu) futhi ngokuvamile olusontwa ngokobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, bese lugaywa kamuva. Lona umkhiqizo osemthethweni ngokuphelele — kodwa wenhloso ehlukile kanye nesigaba.

Umehluko ku-*mǒchá*:

- Umbala. Ngaphandle kokufakwa emthunzini, amathoni aphuzi-oluhlaza, e-olive ayagqama; akukho "neon ephilayo yotshani".
- Ukunambitheka. Kukhona ukubaba nokuqothuka okukhulu (ama-catechin awakacindezelwa umthunzi), ubumnandi obuncane be-umami.
- Ukugaya. Ngokwejwayelekile, kugaywe kabi kakhulu; izinhlayiya zinkulu, inhlanganisela iyehlukana ngokushesha, emlonyeni ungazwa "ubuhhadlahhadla".
- Inhloso. Lesi isithako sokudla esiyinhloko — esenzelwa ukubhaka, u-ayisikhilimu, ama-noodle, i-latte, lapho kudingeka khona umbala kanye nenothi letiye ngentengo enengqondo, hhayi inkomishi yomkhosi.

Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle, impushana kayogodo lwe-green ivame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama le-matcha. Ngokusemthethweni womabili — yiqabunga eligayiwe, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe nangendlela yokuzwa, yizinto ezihlukene, futhi intengo kufanele ikubonise lokho.

## Itiye elincibilikayo 速溶茶 (*sùróng chá*): ingxubevange ekhalayo, hhayi iqabunga

Itiye elincibilikayo (速溶茶, *sùróng chá*) lingelesinye isigaba — lona umkhiqizo owukhishiwe. Kalula nje, uchungechunge lunjena:

1. Ukukhishwa — iqabunga liyagxishwa ngamanzi ashisayo, kutholakale uketshezi lwetiye.
2. Ukugxilisa — uketshezi luyabiliswa, kukhishwe ingxenye yamanzi.
3. Ukwomiswa — okugxilisiwe kuphendulwa impushana. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukwomisa ngesifafazi (spray-drying): okugxilisiwe kufafazwa emgudwini womoya oshisayo, amaconsi ome ngokushesha abe yizinhlamvana. Indlela ebucayi kakhudlwana (futhi ebiza kakhudlwana) — ukwomisa nge-sublimination (freeze-drying), elondoloza iphunga elimnandi kangcono.

Ukuziphatha emanzini — kuwuphawu oyinhloko lokuxilonga: itiye elincibilikayo lekhwalithi lincibilika ngaphandle kwensalela, linikeza uketshezi olukhanyayo (olu-oluhlaza — lukhanyayo, olu-black — luyi-amber). Alukho udaka phansi, akunando ephumayo ezinhlayiyaneni ezintantayo.

Amandla nobuthakathaka kusobala. Okuhle — ukushesha, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukuzinza, isisekelo esihle setiye elibandayo kanye nezinhlanganisela. Okubi — ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamakha aguquguqukayo lapho kwomiswa ngokushisa (ngakho-ke isimo "esiphansi", ngezinye izikhathi "esibilisiwe" kumasampula ashibhile) kanye nobungozi bezithasiselo zangaphandle (ushukela, izinongo, i-maltodextrin njengesithwali). Itiye elincibilikayo lenziwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo — ohlaza, omnyama (obomvu), i-oolong; lobu ubuchwepheshe, hhayi uhlobo.

## Ungahlukanisa kanjani ngokungokoqobo

- Ukuhlola ngamanzi. Gxoba intwana emanzini abandayo. Ukuncibilika okuphelele, ukukhanya → itiye elincibilikayo. Inhlanganisela enodaka ezinzile, eya phansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi → iqabunga eligayiwe (*mǒchá* noma 绿茶粉).
- Umbala. Umbala ojulile, ocwebezelayo we-emerald → uphawu lwe-*mǒchá* efakwe emthunzini. Umbala ophaphathekile we-olive, ophuzi-oluhlaza → kungenzeka kube ugodo oluhlaza olujwayelekile olugayiwe.
- Ukuthinteka. Phakathi kweminwe i-*mǒchá* enhle — injenge-puthari, ngaphandle "kwesihlabathi"; i-绿茶粉 ivame ukuzwakala inezinhlamvu.
- Iphunga. I-*Mǒchá* inika ubumnandi obusha "basolwandle" / botshani obunenothi ye-umami; ugodo oluhlaza olujwayelekile olugayiwe — lunephunga elihlabayo, ngezinye izikhathi elibabayo lezinto; elincibilikayo — iphunga elicishiwe, "elomile".
- Intengo. I-*mǒchá* yomkhosi ayikwazi ukubiza njengempushana yokudla; "i-matcha" eshibhile ngokusolisayo — cishe ikakhulukazi i-绿茶粉.

## Ukugxisha kanye nokusetshenziswa

- *Mǒchá*. Hluza ukuze ususe amahhoko. Thela amanzi angabilisi (elinganiselwa cishe ku-70–80 °C — izinga lokushisa eliqondile kufanele likhethelwe impushana ethile), hloza nge-whisk yoqalo (茶筅, *cháxiǎn*) kuze kube negwebu elicolekile elizinzile. Lapho ukugaya kucolekile futhi inhlanganisela izinzile, kulula ukuthola igwebu elibushelelezi. Isetshenziswa naku-latte, naku-confectionery.
- Impushana kayogodo lwe-green. Kunengqondo ukuyisebenzisa njengesithako: enhlama, okhilimu, iziphuzo ezinesisekelo esithobisayo (ubisi, into yokwenza ubumnandi), lapho ukubaba kusiza khona.
- Itiye elincibilikayo. Mane uxube emanzini asezingeni lokushisa elifanele; lilungele itiye elibandayo, ngoba liyancibilika ngisho nasemanzini abandayo.

## Isifingqo esifushane

Izimpushana ezintathu ziphendula izidingo ezintathu ezihlukene. I-*Mǒchá* — "ukuphuza iqabunga lonke" ngesimo salo esibiza kakhulu nesinzima kakhulu, ngokufakwa emthunzini nokugaywa ngamatshe. Ugodo lwe-green olugayiwe — isithako sokudla esithembekile sohlobo olufanayo lomzimba, kodwa ngaphandle kokufakwa emthunzini nangaphandle kwezifiso zomkhosi. Itiye elincibilikayo — ukusebenziseka kalula kwengxubevange ekhalayo, lapho lingasekho khona iqabunga eliphelele enkomishini. Ngokuqonda ukuthi uphethe ini — inhlanganisela noma isixazululo, iqabunga elifakwe emthunzini noma elijwayelekile — uyeka ukukhokha ngokweqile ngomkhiqizo ongayiwona futhi ukhetha ngokunembile umkhiqizo osebeni.