---
title: "Lǒngnán lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/longnan-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Lǒngnán lǜchá (陇南绿茶)

**I-Longnan Lücha** (*Lǒngnán lǜchá*, 陇南绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sedolobha i-Longnan (陇南市) eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Gansu. I-Longnan iyona ndawo kuphela yokutshala itiye e-Gansu: amasimu alele kunxantathu lapho kuhlangana khona isifunda sase-Wen, isifunda sase-Wudu, kanye nesifunda sase-Kang, emngceleni we-Sichuan ne-Shaanxi. Igama lingelesifunda, kodwa indawo incane — izigodi namadolobhana angu-13, futhi isimemezelo sokuvikela sibala kuze kufike emizaneni nasemagcekeni: imizana yokuphatha engu-158, imiphakathi yasemakhaya engu-755, amakhaya abalimi angu-19 300. Izidingo zokuvikela zazi izinhlobo ezimbili zetiye — eliyisicaba kanye neligoqiwe — elinephunga le-chestnut. Igama lafakwa kurejista yezimpawu zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo ngo-2016.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Isigaba siqanjwe egameni; zonke izincazelo ezitholakele zokubukeka nokucubungula — eziluhlaza.
* **Isigaba:** Uphawu lwesifunda lomphakathi (区域公用品牌, *qūyù gōngyòng pǐnpái*) kanye nophawu lwendawo lomkhiqizo wezolimo (2016).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Gansu (甘肃, *Gānsù*), isifunda sedolobha i-Longnan (陇南, *Lǒngnán*): isifunda sase-Wen (文县, *Wénxiàn*), isifunda sase-Wudu (武都区, *Wǔdū qū*), isifunda sase-Kang (康县, *Kāngxiàn*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesimemezelo se-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640 — isifunda sase-Wen: i-Bikou (碧口镇), i-Zhongmiao (中庙乡), i-Fanba (范坝乡), i-Liujiaping (刘家坪乡); isifunda sase-Wudu: i-Luotang (洛塘镇), i-Yuhe (裕河乡), i-Fengxiang (枫相乡), i-Wuma (五马乡); isifunda sase-Kang: i-Yangba (阳坝镇), i-Lianghe (两河镇), i-Tongqian (铜钱乡), i-Baiyang (白杨乡), i-Sanhe (三河乡). Umfakisicelo — isiteshi sesifunda sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezitshalo zobuchwepheshe. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ngaphansi kwezigodi ezifanayo eziyi-13 kanye nemiphakathi engu-755 ibala hhayi imizana eyi-158, kodwa eyi-148.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma:** 104°41′–106°08′ E, 32°42′–33°48′ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye endleleni eya kubadlali.** Ngokombiko kuwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya (2019), ngesikhathi se-Eastern Han, itiye lase-Ba nase-Shu lalihanjiswa nge-Chengdu liyiswa e-Wudu futhi lidayiselwa abadlali basenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kanti ngesikhathi se-Song kwakusebenza izimakethe zikahulumeni zetiye namahhashi (茶马场). Angizange ngiyibone imibhalo lezi zitatimende ezisekelwe kuyo.
    * **2016.** Ngokombiko we-China.com.cn (2019), ngo-August igama ladlula ekuhlolweni, futhi ngo-November 2 uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo No. 2468 walifaka kurejista yezimpawu zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo; inombolo — i-AGI01999.
    * **2018.** Ngo-December, ngokombiko ofanayo, inhlangano yetiye yase-Longnan yavumela izinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili ukuba zisebenzise uphawu futhi yakhipha izitika zokuvikela ezilandelekayo eziyi-100 000.
    * **2025.** I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo No. 640 yaqaphela umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lwamagama angu-1409; i-Longnan Lücha iphakathi kwawo.
* **Igama:** «Longnan» (陇南) — «eningizimu ye-Long», lapho i-Long (陇, *Lǒng*) kuyigama elifushane lendabuko le-Gansu. «Lücha» (绿茶) — itiye eliluhlaza.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Abezindaba base-Gansu babiza i-Longnan ngokuthi «陇上江南» — «i-Jiangnan ezweni lase-Long». Esifundeni, itiye liyinsika yezindawo ezisezintabeni: ngokombiko ka-2019, kweminye imizana yasemadolobheni ekhiqiza itiye, lalinikeza ngaphezu kuka-60% wemali engenayo yemindeni empofu. Umbhalo ku-«Zhongguo Gansu wang» (2023) uthi e-Longnan kusaphekwa «iguan guan cha» (罐罐茶, *guànguàn chá*) — itiye ebhodweni elincane lobumba.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Izinhlobo / Cultivar:** Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane (小叶[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), *xiǎoyè qúntǐzhǒng*) futhi zichaza ukusatshalaliswa kwalo ngembewu nangama-cuttings. Ngokombiko ka-2019, izinhlobo ze-clonal nazo zethulwa esifundeni: i-Longjing 43 (龙井43, *Lóngjǐng 43*), i-Zhongcha 108 (中茶108, *Zhōngchá 108*) kanye ne-Huangjin Ya (黄金芽, *Huángjīn yá*).
* **Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (单芽或一芽一、二叶); amahlumela lapho abizwa ngokuthi «asindayo futhi aminyene» (芽叶重实).
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, izinhlobo zakuqala ziqala ukuvunwa ngemuva kuka-March 20, uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane — ngemuva kuka-April 1; ngonyaka kwenziwa ukuvuna okungaba yisikhombisa, ekuqaleni kuka-September insimu iyavalwa. Ngokombhalo ka-2023, emzaneni wase-Liziba (李子坝) esifundeni sase-Wen, kuvunwa ngemuva kwesizini ye-Yushui (雨水, *yǔshuǐ*), kuthathwa ihlumela elilodwa ngeqabunga.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Unxantathu emngceleni wesifunda sase-Wen, isifunda sase-Wudu kanye nesifunda sase-Kang, emfuleni i-Yangtze. Amasimu amakhulu, ngokombhalo ka-2023, asemadolobheni ase-Bikou, e-Yuhe nase-Lianghe.
* **Indawo kumephu yetiye:** Umkhawulo osenyakatho wesifunda setiye sase-Jiangbei (江北茶区, *Jiāngběi cháqū*) — izindawo zetiye ezisenyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo — ukuguquka phakathi kwe-subtropical enyakatho emanzi kanye ne-warm temperate emanzi. Izidingo zokuvikela ziphawula usuku olude lokukhanya, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kobusuku nemini, inkungu kanye nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuningi.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — izintaba ezingaphansi kuka-1400 m; umbiko ka-2019 ubiza u-600–1200 m.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-sandy loam ene-asidi, inhlabathi e-brown-yellow (黄棕壤) kanye ne-brown (棕壤), i-pH 4.6–6.5 — kanjalo kuzidingo zokuvikela.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwe-China.com.cn, ekupheleni kuka-2018, amasimu esifunda ayehlanganisa ama-mu ayi-174 000, umkhiqizo — amathani ayi-1388; i-«Zhongguo Gansu wang» ngo-2021 yabiza ama-mu ayi-179 000 kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-1400. Lokhu kungukuphela kwetiye lesifunda, hhayi umkhiqizo ophawulwe kuphela.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka uhlelo oluyisisekelo kuphela. Iqabunga elisha lilaliswa efemini amahora angu-3–8 ngogqinsi olungadluli u-15 cm, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-12; bese kulandela ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*) — ukugoqa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) — ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zalezi zinyathelo azikho embhalweni.

Umbhalo ka-2023 uchaza itiye eliyisicaba «ilongjing yasentabeni» yomzana wase-Liziba: iqabunga licutshungulwa ngosuku lokuvunwa, lingashiywa ubusuku bonke.

1.  **Ukulaliswa (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
2.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa ukugqwala.
3.  **Ukunikeza isimo esiyisicaba (扁形, *biǎnxíng*).**
4.  **Ukususa uboya (去毫, *qùháo*).**
5.  **Ukuphinda kuthoswe ebanjini (回锅, *huíguō*).**
6.  **Ukukhetha (精选, *jīngxuǎn*).**
7.  **«Ukuphakamisa iphunga» (提香, *tíxiāng*).**

Lena incazelo yetiye elilodwa lasemzaneni, ngaphandle kwemingcele, hhayi izidingo zophawu.

**6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zihlukanisa itiye ngokuyisicaba (扁形) neligoqiwe (卷曲形). Ngezansi — okuyisicaba, kubakaki kukhona amagama ombhalo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ihlumela elinamaqabunga liyisicaba, liqondile futhi libushelelezi, liluhlaza okwesamalidi noma liphuzi ngokuluhlaza (芽叶扁平，挺直光滑，翠绿或黄绿).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** I-chestnut, noma ethambile noma ehlanzekile (栗香或嫩香、清香).
* **Ukunambitha:** Kusha, kuvuselela, kucebile futhi kuthambile (鲜爽浓醇).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Uluhlaza noma uphuzi ngokuluhlaza, okhanyayo (绿亮或黄绿明亮).
* **Izimbali zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Kuphuzi ngokuluhlaza, amahlumela avuleka njenge-«mbali» (黄绿成朵).

Itiye eligoshiwe — lihlangene, liluhlaza ngokucwebezela (紧结卷曲，色泽绿润), nokuphisa okuluhlaza okotshani, iphunga le-chestnut eliphakeme noma elihlanzekile (kwamanye amaqoqo — okuyimbali), ukunambitha kusha okuthambile kanye nezimbali zetiye eziphuzi ngokuluhlaza ezithambile. Ifomula evamile «青翠透金，栗香甘醇» — okuluhlaza okwesamalidi okugqame ngegolide, iphunga le-chestnut, ubumnandi obuthambile — ngokombiko ka-2019, yanikezwa umcwaningi we-Tea Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka imingcele: izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-34.0%, i-tea polyphenols ingekho ngaphansi kuka-11.0%, ama-catechin (embhalweni — «儿茶酚») angekho ngaphansi kuka-7.0%, umswakama ungekho ngaphezu kuka-7.0% (etiye elomisiwe ngelanga — 9.0%), i-crude fiber ingekho ngaphezu kuka-16.0%.

I-Xinhua (2024) inikeza lezi zinombolo ze-Longnan Lücha:

| Inkomba | Okuqukethwe |
| :--- | :--- |
| I-Gallocatechin gallate (GCG) | 1.03% |
| I-Catechin (C) | 0.26% |
| «精氨酸» (i-arginine) | 0.21 g nge-100 g |
| I-tea polysaccharides | 0.90 g nge-100 g |
| I-Calcium | 2479.92 mg/kg |
| Insimbi | 143.10 mg/kg |

Ushicilelo alusho indlela, isampula noma unyaka, futhi ukuphakama ngaphezu «kwemikhiqizo efanayo» akudaluli. Kunokungahambisani: umusho uqala nge-theanine, kodwa inombolo inikezwe i-arginine. Lokhu kuyinkomba ebhalwe phansi, hhayi inkambiso; angikwenzi iziphetho ngempilo.

**8. Izinzuzo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokuphisa.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuthelwa kabili noma kathathu; izidingo zokuvikela zibiza itiye ngokuthi «高香耐泡» — elinephunga elimnandi futhi elimelana nokuthelwa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunjwa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunjwa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo kanye nesitika sokuvikela esilandelekayo.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezigodi namadolobhana ayi-13 endawo: isifunda sikhulu, kodwa uphawu luhlanganisa le ngxenye kuphela.
    * Iqabunga eliyisicaba — libushelelezi, liqondile, liluhlaza okwesamalidi noma liphuzi ngokuluhlaza; eligoshiwe — lihlangene futhi liluhlaza; iphunga — le-chestnut noma elihlanzekile.
    * Itiye lendawo eliyisicaba e-Longnan libizwa ngokuthi «ilongjing»; leli itiye lase-Gansu, hhayi i-Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)).

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokombhalo ka-2023, e-Bikou i-rapeseed iqhakaza ngo-January, kanti ezifundeni ezibandayo zesifunda — kuphela ngasekupheleni kuka-April noma ekuqaleni kuka-May.
* Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, e-Longnan baphinde basebenzisa itiye elibomvu kanye ne-fuzhuan ecindezelwe ([茯砖茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fu-zhuan-cha), *fúzhuānchá*), kubhala umbiko ka-2019.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza asenyakatho:**

* **I-Longshen Cha ([龙神茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/longshen-cha)) kanye ne-Bikou Longjing (碧口龙井):** Amatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu ye-Gansu, achazwe enkundleni; idolobhana lase-Bikou liphakathi kwendawo ye-Longnan Lücha.
* **I-Hanzhong Xian Hao ([汉中仙毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hanzhong-xian-hao)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifundazwe esingumakhelwane i-Shaanxi.
* **I-Ziyang Mao Jian ([紫阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ziyang-mao-jian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando lesifunda sase-Ziyang e-Shaanxi.
* **I-Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rizhao-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Shandong — umkhawulo osenyakatho-mpumalanga wokwenza itiye lase-China, njengoba i-Longnan ingowenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Longnan Lücha — itiye lekona elilodwa kuphela le-Gansu: izigodi namadolobhana ayi-13 emngceleni wezifundazwe ezintathu, izintaba ezingaphansi kuka-1400 m, uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane kanye nama-clone angenisiwe, iqabunga eliyisicaba neligoqiwe elinephunga le-chestnut. Ubuchwepheshe ezidingweni zokuvikela bunikezwa njengohlelo kuphela, kodwa indawo ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe njengoba kungavamile — kuze kufike emzaneni, emphakathini nasegcekeni.