---
title: "Lóngjǐng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/longjing-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Lóngjǐng chá (龙井茶)

**ILungjing Cha** (*Lóngjǐng chá*, 龙井茶) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasesifundazweni saseZhejiang, eligazingwe embizeni, futhi igama elivikelwe njengophawu lwendawo ngokuvumelana nezinga likazwelonke GB/T 18650-2008. Indawo ihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu — iXihu, iQiantang neYuezhou — futhi ihlanganisa izifunda eziyi-18, amadolobha nezifunda ezingaphansi kweminyango emine yamadolobha. I-athikili imayelana negama lilonke; itiye lesifunda saseXihu, okuwukuphela kwalo elinelungelo lokubizwa nge "xihu longjing", lichazwa ngokwehlukile.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Izinga lichaza ilungjing njengetiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba (扁形绿茶, *biǎnxíng lǜchá*) elenziwe ngamaqabunga ezinhlobo ezivunyiwe, ezikhiwe futhi zicutshungulwa ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko endaweni evikelwe, ngezimfanelo "色绿、香郁、味醇、形美" — umbala oluhlaza, iphunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka okuthambile, isimo esihle.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba eligazingwe embizeni; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*): ngokohlu lwezinga — izindawo zamadolobha aseHangzhou naseShaoxing kanye nezigodi ezithile namalokishi ezifunda zasePan'an naseDongyang (isifunda saseJinhua) kanye naseTiantai (isifunda saseTaizhou).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwe-GB/T 18650-2008:
    * **IXihu (西湖产区, *Xīhú chǎnqū*)** — isifunda saseXihu sedolobha laseHangzhou, kuhlanganisa nendawo ebukekayo yaseXihu.
    * **IQiantang (钱塘产区, *Qiántáng chǎnqū*)** — iXiaoshan, iBinjiang, iYuhang, iFuyang, iLin'an, iTonglu, iJiande neChun'an.
    * **IYuezhou (越州产区, *Yuèzhōu chǎnqū*)** — iShaoxing, iYuecheng, iXinchang, iShengzhou neZhuji ngokuphelele kanye nezigodi ezithile namalokishi aseShangyu, ePan'an, eDongyang naseTiantai. Ezingeni kubhalwe "iShaoxing" (isifunda); ezincwadini zango-2019 endaweni yalo kubhalwe isifunda saseKeqiao.
* **Umehluko:** I-Wikipedia yesiShayina ibala izifunda eziyi-12 ngokuphelele kanye nezingxenye zezinye ezine — hhayi njengoba kusho izinga; mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinguquko ekuhlukanisweni kwezokuphatha.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** IHangzhou — cishe u-30,25° enyakatho no-120,15° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Igama.** Igama lihlotshaniswa nendawo yaseLongjing esifundeni saseXihu; i-Wikipedia yesiShayina icaphuna umbhalo wakudala lapho kuthiwa umthombo iLonghong (龙泓) "namuhla ubizwa ngeLongjing". Inganekwane ithi umbusi uQianlong wabiza "ezombuso" izihlahla eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili eduze kwethempeli laseHugong.
    * **2002.** Kwashicilelwa izinga likazwelonke eliyisibopho i-GB 18650-2002 "Umkhiqizo onegama lendawo elivikelwe. ILungjing".
    * **2008.** NgoJulayi 15 kwashicilelwa, futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1 kwaqala ukusebenza i-GB/T 18650-2008 "Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. ILungjing". Laba ngelincomekayo, izindinganiso zokuphepha zabelwa i-GB 2762 ne-GB 2763, kwengezwa imfuneko: ukucutshungulwa ngomshini kufanele kuhambisane nobuchwepheshe belungjing.
    * **2008.** Ngokombhalo we-encyclopedia, ubuchwepheshe bexihu longjing bangena ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamagugu angaphatheki (№ Ⅷ-148).
    * **2012.** Umthethonqubo wesifundazwe wokucubungula i-DB33/T 239-2012 wathatha indawo yomthethonqubo womshini ka-1999 futhi wengeza ukucubungula ngesandla.
    * **2022.** NgoNovemba 29 i-UNESCO yafaka ohlwini lwayo "Amasu endabuko okucubungula itiye e-China kanye namasiko ahlobene"; ubuchwepheshe bexihu longjing — buyingxenye yokuphakanyiswa.
    * **2024.** Isimemezelo seHhovisi Likazwelonke Lezempahla Yobuhlakani e-China (CNIPA) № 597 sangoSepthemba 27, 2024 savumela uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo kwezinye izinkampani ezine ze-longjing.
    * **2025.** Esikhundleni samazinga kazwelonke ngo-Agasti 4, 2025 kwaphawulwa ukubuyekezwa kwe-GB/T 18650-2008 ngesinqumo "isasebenza".
* **Igama:** 龙 — "udrako", 井 — "umthombo": "itiye leNkundla kaDrako".
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** "ILungjing" — zonke izifunda ezintathu, "ixihu longjing" — isifunda saseXihu kuphela, namazinga alo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusebenza:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Izinga livumela inani leLongjing (龙井群体), iLongjing 43, iLongjing changye, iYingshuang (迎霜), inhlobo yeJiukeng (鸠坑种) nezinye izinhlobo ezigunyaziwe ezifanele ilungjing. Ngokuchazwa kombhali wezinga, kubalwa neJiaming № 1 (嘉茗一号), evame ukubizwa ngeWuniu zao ([乌牛早](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuniu-zao)).
* **IQuinti neLongjing 43:** Ngokombhalo womnyango wedolobha laseHangzhou, iqunti ([群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), *qúntǐ zhǒng*) — inani lendawo lembewu, iLongjing 43 — inhlobo yakuqala ekloniwe ye-China Tea Research Institute evela enanini elifanayo; ayikho engcono kwenye.
* **Ukuvuna:** Kuqala lapho kumitha-skwele yomqhele kunamahlumela ayi-10–15 ekhwalithi edingekayo; entwasahlobo — nsuku zonke noma nsuku zonke, ngesandla, ngakunye (提手采).
* **Izinga lezinto zokusebenza:** Izigaba ezinhlanu zamaqabunga amasha — kusukela ehlumeleni elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka, ihlumela lide kuneqabunga, ubude bungabi ngaphezu kuka-2,5 cm (eliphezulu kakhulu), kuya ehlumeleni elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu ubude bufike ku-4,5 cm (elesine). Iqabunga elingaphansi kwesigaba sesine alilungile e-longjing.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ngokwezinga — izintaba namagquma emifudlaneni yaseQiantangjiang naseCao'ejang; kufudumele, imvula eningi, umoya onomswakama.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, i-pH 4,3–6,5.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Izinga alibeki ukuphakama; akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ezolimo:** Ngokwezinga — ukuvundisa ngo-10–15 cm ngesizini nango-20–30 cm ekwindla, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ngokuvamile 3:1:1.
* **Umthamo:** Ngokombiko wephephandaba laseHangzhou, ngo-2018 kwakhiqizwa amathani angama-22,000 e-longjing. Kakhulu kuvela eYuezhou, bese kuba yiQiantang; isifunda saseXihu sithatha amaphesenti ambalwa kuphela okukhiqizwayo, ngokwesilinganiso esithile — cishe amaphesenti angu-3,5.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izinga libeka uhlelo oluyisisekelo: **ukubuna (摊放, *tānfàng*) — ukugazinga kokuqala (青锅, *qīngguō*) — ukuphola nokuphumula (摊凉回潮, *tānliáng huícháo*) — ukugazinga kwesibili (辉锅, *huīguō*)**. Ukugazinga ngesandla kwakhiwe ngezindlela eziyishumi: 抓, 抖, 搭, 榻, 捺, 推, 扣, 甩, 磨, 压.

Umthethonqubo wesifundazwe i-DB33/T 239-2012 unikeza izinombolo:

1. **Ukubuna:** amahora angu-6–12, ungqimba lwamaqabunga esigaba sesibili nangaphezulu — alukho olungaphezu kuka-30 mm, kuze kuba umswakama wehle ufike ku-(70 ± 2) %.
2. **Iqingguo ngesandla:** imbiza engu-150–200 °C, esigabeni esiphezulu kakhulu — 150–170 °C kanye no-100–150 g wamaqabunga ngembiza, ezigabeni eziphansi kakhulu; imizuzu engu-12–14, kuze kuba umswakama ufike ku-40 %.
3. **Ukuphumula:** imizuzu engu-30–60, ukuze umswakama ulingane ehlumeleni, esiqwini naseqabungeni.
4. **IHuiguo ngesandla:** 200–250 g ngembiza ezigabeni eziphezulu, imizuzu engu-15–20, kuze kuba umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %; ekugcineni kususwa uboya, futhi iqabunga eliqediwe liphuka ngeminwe.
5. **Indlela yomshini:** iqingguo ngomshini ku-220–260 °C imizuzu engu-4–6, ukulungisa isimo nokuqeda ukomisa esigubhini.
6. **Ukufaka i-lime (收灰, *shōuhuī*):** izinsuku eziyi-10–15 eduze kwe-lime engacacile ngesilinganiso setiye ne-lime esingu-5:1, ngephepha noma ngendwangu emhlophe.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Izinga lihlukanisa itiye ngezigaba eziyisithupha — eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nelokuqala kuya kwelesihlanu. Kweliphezulu kakhulu:

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Isicaba, bushelelezi, bucwebezela, buqondile, nengqophamela ebukhali; buluhlaza obuthambile, busha; bulingana, buminyene, buhlanzekile (扁平光润、挺直尖削；嫩绿鲜润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Izinga alilichazi ngokwehlukile.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Lihlanzekile, lisha futhi liqhubeka (清香持久); esigabeni sesihlanu — lilingana (平和).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kuyavuselela (鲜醇甘爽).
* **Umbala wotshala:** Uluhlaza obuthambile, okhanyayo, ocacile (嫩绿明亮、清澈); esigabeni sesihlanu — uphuzi ngokuluhlaza.
* **Amabala etiye (iqabunga elenziwe):** Amahlumela amancane athambile aneqabunga, avuleke "njengembali", alingana, aluhlaza obuthambile futhi akhanyayo (芽叶细嫩成朵).

Ifomula yabantu "yezinto ezine eziphelele" ithi "味甘", izinga lithi "味醇".

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izinga libeka izinkomba zomzimba namakhemikhali:

| Inkomba | Izigaba eziphezulu, 1, 2 | Izigaba 3, 4, 5 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama, kungabi ngaphezulu | 6,5 % | 7,0 % |
| Umlotha ophelele, kungabi ngaphezulu | 6,5 % | 7,0 % |

Kuzo zonke izigaba izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini — kungabi ngaphansi kuka-36,0 %, uthuli nezimvithi — kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1,0 %. Azikho izindinganiso zama-amino acid nama-polyphenol ezingeni.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Akukho datha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukucwiliswa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshala, bese uthela amanzi futhi.
    5. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Ngokwezinga — endaweni ehlanzekile, eyomile, epholile engenaphunga, ne-lime noma endaweni ebandayo, cishe ku-5 °C, ngaphandle kwelanga nomswakama. Ekhaya, ngokomkhuba wekilasi, — ukupakisha okuvaliwe esiqandisini; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:**

Akukho datha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Ilungjing libizwa kanjalo kuphela itiye lezifunda ezintathu; itiye elifanayo kwezinye izindawo, ngokwamazwi omunye wababhali bezinga (2019), — "itiye eliyisicaba" kuphela (扁形茶).
    * Izinkampani ezigunyaziwe zibeka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo futhi ngokwezinga zibhala isifunda — iXihu, iQiantang noma iYuezhou.
    * "Ixihu longjing" lisemthethweni kuphela esifundeni saseXihu.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izinga lika-2002 laliyisibopho, izinga lika-2008 liyincomekayo.
* Ukuvuthwa kwetiye eliqediwe eduze kwe-lime engacacile kushiwo yizinga likazwelonke, kanti umthethonqubo wesifundazwe ubeka izinombolo zakhona: izinsuku eziyi-10–15, itiye ku-lime 5:1.
* Ifomula yabantu ithembisa ukunambitheka "okumnandi", kanti izinga lithi "okuthambile".

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **ISi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Itiye lesifunda saseXihu — isigaba esincane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwegama, namazinga alo.
* **IYuexiang Long Jing ([越乡龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yuexiang-long-jing)) neDafu Long Jing ([大佛龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dafu-long-jing)):** Amalongjing aseShengzhou naseXinchang, esifundeni saseYuezhou.
* **IQiandao Yu Ye ([千岛玉叶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiandao-yu-ye)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseChun'an — isifunda esiyingxenye yesifunda saseQiantang.
* **ISanxia Long Jing ([三峡龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/sanxia-long-jing)):** Itiye laseHubei lobuchwepheshe belungjing; iHubei ayifakiwe endaweni yezinga.

**Ekuphetheni:**

ILungjing Cha — akuyona ingadi eyodwa, kodwa igama elinemingcele ecacile: izifunda ezintathu, izindawo zokuphatha eziyi-18 kanye nezinga elilodwa, elibeka izinhlobo, izigaba ezinhlanu zamaqabunga amasha, izigaba eziyisithupha zetiye eliqediwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugazinga kabili embizeni. Iqabunga eliyisicaba elibushelelezi, iphunga elisha kanye notshala obuluhlaza obuthambile — isici esivamile kuzo zonke izifunda ezintathu; "ixihu longjing" ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka — indaba ehlukile.