---
title: "I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/lechang-bai-maocha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá (乐昌白毛茶, Lèchāng bái máochá)

I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá (乐昌白毛茶, Lèchāng bái máochá — “I-Itheya Eliluhlaza Elinoboya obumhlophe laseLèchāng”) liyitiye eliluhlaza lasendulo laseGuangdong elinomlando oyingqayizivele: “umhlakaniphi wetiye” uLù Yǔ (陆羽) wazivakashela eLèchāng ukuyofunda ngetiye lendawo futhi washiya umbhalo othi “枢室” (shūshì, “Igumbi loMgogodla”) edwaleni lomgede iXīshíyán (西石岩洞) — okungenye yezincwadi ezinobufakazi bezinto ezibonakalayo zokuvakasha kukaLù Yǔ esifundeni esikhethekile sokutshala itiye. Itiye lenziwa nge-**Lèchāng Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng (乐昌白毛茶[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong))** — uhlobo lwendawo lwezihlahla zetiye ezinamaqabunga amakhulu olwamukelwa ngo-1985 njengohlobo **oluyisibonelo sikazwelonke** (全国茶树良种, inombolo GS13015-1985). Isici esivelele — ukuqukethwe okukhulu kakhulu kwe-polyphenol (**38.0%**), okungenye yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza laseChina, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokomisa kokugcina ngamalahle **omuthi we-litchi (荔枝木炭)**, okunikeza itiye “iphunga loju” (蜜韵, mìyùn) elingafani nalutho.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa nomsuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga). Liyingxenye yetiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngokushisa (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá). Isimo — imicu enamathe, eqinile, enoboya obuningi (肥壮紧结，披毫显著).

* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangdong elivela ohlotsheni lwendabuko. Njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwezindawo igama elithi «乐昌白毛茶» alivikelwe: isimemezelo se-AQSIQ № 60 sango-11 Juni 2009 sivikela itiye iYánxīshān Báimáojiān (沿溪山白毛尖, Yánxīshān báimáojiān), elenziwa ngalolu hlobo ezintabeni zaseJǐufēngshān; esithasiselweni sesimemezelo uhlobo lubizwa kuphela njengento eluhlaza. «乐昌白毛茶» — igama lomkhiqizo womphakathi wesifunda saseLèchāng (igama nelogo kumenyezelwe ngo-April 2023). Umkhiqizo oqukethwe ohlwini lwe-“全国名特优新农产品” (2020). Isilimo — uhlobo oluyisibonelo sikazwelonke (全国茶树良种, GS13015-1985). Ukumbozwa kwehlathi endaweni eyinhloko — 90%.

* **Umsuka:** I-China, isifundazwe iGuangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), isifunda sasemadolobheni iLèchāng (乐昌市, Lèchāng Shì). Inhliziyo yendawo — **isifunda saseJǐufēngshān (九峰山脉, Jiǔfēng Shānmài)**, izintaba zaseNánlíng: amadolobhana iDàyuán (大源镇), iJiǔfēng (九峰镇), neLiǎngjiāng (两江镇) — ngaphezu kuka-60% womkhiqizo. Izintaba zaseJǐufēngshān ngaphakathi kweLèchāng — indawo yokuvikelwa kophawu lwezindawo lweYánxīshān Báimáojiān (isimemezelo se-AQSIQ sika-2009 № 60); ayidluleli kulo lonke itiye elivela ohlotsheni lweLèchāng Bái Máo Chá. Ipulazi likahulumeni laseYánxīshān (沿溪山茶场, Yánxīshān Cháchǎng) — indawo lapho kwatholakala khona izihlahla ezingomama. Ngo-2025 — izivande zetiye ezingama-23,900 mu, amathani angu-1,233 etiye elomile, inani eliphelele — 2.55 billion yuan.

* **Izixhumanisi zezwe:** 25° enyakatho yelathithudi (北纬25°), esifundeni sezintaba zaseNánlíng.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** **Inkathi yaseTang (789):** “Umhlakaniphi wetiye” uLù Yǔ (陆羽) ku-“Canon yetiye” (茶经) waqopha ukuthi iSháozhōu (韶州, ehlanganisa iLèchāng) ikhiqiza itiye futhi “ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu” (其味极佳). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLù Yǔ **wazivakashela mathupha** eLèchāng ukuyofunda ngetiye loboya obumhlophe lendawo, washiya umbhalo othi “枢室” edwaleni lomgede iXīshíyán — okungenye yezindawo ezimbalwa e-China lapho kukhona ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuba khona kukaLù Yǔ.

	**Umlando wakamuva:** Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, uprofesa wesikhungo sezolimo seYunivesithi yaseSun Yat-sen **u-Luó Pǔróu (罗溥鍒, Luó Pǔróu)** wafunda itiye elinoboya obumhlophe ezintabeni zaseLèchāng futhi, ukuze lingadidaniswa namatiye ezinye izindawo, walinika igama elithi “乐昌白毛茶” — “I-Itheya Eliluhlaza Elinoboya obumhlophe laseLèchāng”. Unyaka oqondile emithonjeni uyahluka: abaphathi baseLèchāng bathi ngu-1943 futhi babhala igama likasosayensi ngokuthi 罗博柔, iphephabhuku i-“Nóngchǎnpǐn shìchǎng zhōukān” (2018) — ekuqaleni kwawo-1940. Ngo-1956, ngokuyalelwa ngu-**Táo Zhù (陶铸, Táo Zhù)** — unobhala wekomidi lesifundazwe saseGuangdong le-CCP — kwasungulwa ipulazi likahulumeni laseYánxīshān (沿溪山茶场), elaqala ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zasendle ngendlela yezimboni.

	Ngo-1985 — kwahlonishwa njengohlobo oluyisibonelo sikazwelonke (GS13015-1985). Ngo-2009 ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kophawu lwezindawo akuthathwanga u-乐昌白毛茶 uqobo, kodwa itiye elenziwa ngalo iYánxīshān Báimáojiān (沿溪山白毛尖): isimemezelo se-AQSIQ № 60 sango-11 Juni 2009, indawo — izintaba zaseJǐufēngshān ngaphakathi kweLèchāng. Ngo-2020 — “全国名特优新农产品”. Ngo-April 2023 kwamenyezelwa igama nelogo lomkhiqizo womphakathi wesifunda wetiye laseLèchāng «乐昌白毛茶» — lokhu kungumkhiqizo, hhayi igama elivikelwe.

* **Igama:**

	* “Lèchāng” (乐昌) — “Ukuchuma okunenjabulo”: igama ledolobha elisenyakatho yeGuangdong.
	* “Bái Máo” (白毛) — “uboya obumhlophe”: kuchaza uboya besiliva obumhlophe obucebile obumboza amahlumela.
	* “Chá” (茶) — “itiye”.

* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa omlando wawo ongaxhunyaniswa nokuvakasha kukaLù Yǔ — umuntu omkhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni wetiye womhlaba. Umbhalo othi “枢室” edwaleni — akuyona inganekwane, kodwa into ephathekayo ebhalwe ngesandla. Kwe-Lèchāng nasenyakatho yeGuangdong, itiye liwumgogodla wezomnotho kanye nophawu lwamasiko.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Uhlobo / Isilimo:** **Lèchāng Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng (乐昌白毛茶群体种)** — **uhlobo oluyisibonelo sikazwelonke** (全国茶树良种, GS13015-1985). Uhlobo lwesihlahla (乔木型, qiáomù xíng), amaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), ukuhluma kusenesikhathi (早生种). Amahlumela — aphuzi-luhlaza, uboya — buningi ngokwedlulele (茸毛特多). Isisindo samahlumela ayi-100 anamaqabunga amathathu — **130 g** — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezilimo zetiye zaseChina. Iphrofayeli yamakhemikhali ekuseni: **i-polyphenol — 38.0%, ama-amino acid — 1.6%, i-caffeine — 3.9%, ama-catechin — 22.6%.**

	Ama-polyphenol angu-38.0% — isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu esichaza amandla amakhulu e-antioxidant kanye nokujula kwesakhiwo sokunambitheka.

	Isilimo esithuthukisiwe: **Báimáo 2 (白毛2号)** — ukukhethwa kweGuangdong Tea Research Institute, okunephunga eliqinisiwe nokumelana nezifo okuphezulu.

	Isilimo somdabu sihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
	* **Amaqabunga amakhulu (大叶白毛):** Amahlumela anamathe, uboya obuningi kakhulu. Ikhwalithi ehamba phambili. ~80% yezitshalo.
	* **Amaqabunga aphakathi (中叶白毛):** Iphunga elihle. Kwetiye eliluhlaza eliningi nelibomvu.
	* **Amaqabunga acijile (尖叶白毛):** Kumelana nesithwathwa. Kwetiye elimhlophe neliphuzi.

* **Ukuvuna:** Intwasahlobo. Kwezinga eliphezulu — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Kwezinga lokuqala — ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili. Kwezesibili — ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amathathu.

**4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Indawo:** Izintaba zaseNánlíng (南岭山区), enyakatho ye-latitude engu-25° — ingxenye esenyakatho kunazo zonke yeGuangdong.

* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Amamitha angu-400–800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Inhliziyo — isifunda saseJiǔfēngshān.

* **Isimo sezulu:** Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 19.6°C, imvula yonyaka — 1500–1900 mm, izinsuku ezininkungu ephakathi ngonyaka — >180. Ukuhluka phakathi kobusuku nemini — >10°C. Inani lokukhanya okusakazekayo — 70%.

* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu-ephuzi (花岗岩风化红黄壤) esisekelweni segwadle, i-pH 4.5–6.5. Okuqukethwe yi-organic — ≥3%. I-Selenium — 0.018–0.066 mg/kg. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi — **90%** — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zokutshala itiye.

* **Isici esivelele:** “Ibhande lamafu” lasezintabeni linciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela — ama-amino acid aqoqeka ngokuphindwe ngo-20% kunokuvamile. Ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kubusuku nemini kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-polyphenol nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngokushisa elinezici ezimbili ezibalulekile: **“重杀青” (zhòng shāqīng — “ukulungisa okuqinile”)** ku-300°C kanye **nokomiswa kokugcina ngamalahle omuthi we-litchi (荔枝木炭焙, lìzhī mùtàn bèi)**.

* **Ukuvuna (采摘):** Ukuvuna ngesandla kwentwasahlobo kwamahlumela asezingeni elithi “ihlumela elilodwa — amaqabunga okungenani elilodwa kuya kwamathathu”.

* **Ukwendlala (摊放 — tānfàng):** Ezinqolobaneni zikahlamvu (竹筛), amahora angu-4–16 — esinye sezigaba ezinokwendlalwa okude kakhulu phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza.

* **Ukulungisa okuqinile (杀青 — shāqīng):** Emgudwini wokugingqika ku-**300°C** — elinye lamazinga okushisa okulungisa aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza (ukuqhathanisa: okuvamile — 140–240°C). Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwedlulele licisha ama-enzyme ngesikhathi esifushane, “likhiye umbala oluhlaza okotshani” (锁翠, suǒcuì) futhi linciphise ukubaba kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu eziqukethe irekhodi lama-polyphenol (38.0%).

* **Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn):** Ngokwesimiso esithi “lula → namandla → lula” (轻-重-轻).

* **Ukumiswa kokuqala ngokushisa (毛火烘干 — máohuǒ hōnggān):** Ku-120°C.

* **Ukupholisa nokubuyisela umswakama (摊凉回潮 — tānliáng huícháo):** Ukusabalalisa kabusha umswakama wangaphakathi.

* **Ukomiswa kokugcina ngamalahle omuthi we-litchi (足火烘干/荔枝木炭焙 — zúhuǒ hōnggān / lìzhī mùtàn bèi):** Ku-95°C, kuze kube okuqukethwe umswakama ≤6%. **Isigaba esiyinhloko nesiyingqayizivele:** ukomiswa kwenziwa ngamalahle **omuthi we-litchi (荔枝木, lìzhī mù)** — lokhu kuyifa elingabambeki (非遗技艺核心). Umuthi we-litchi uma uvutha ukhipha izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ezikhethekile, ezimunca iqabunga letiye, zakha **“iphunga loju” (蜜韵, mìyùn)** eliyingqayizivele — okuwuphawu olukhethekile lwaleli tiye.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Imicu enamathe, eqinile, enoboya obumhlophe obuningi obusiliva (披毫显著) — “ikhadi lesivakashi”: iBái Máochá ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza “anoboya obuningi” eChina.

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elihlala njalo (清香馥郁, qīngxiāng fùyù). Inothi le-orchid (兰花香). Iphunga le-chestnut elingaphansi (栗香). Iphunga elisele enkomishini engenalutho — **>amaminithi angu-30**. Lapho liguga, kuvela **“iphunga loju” (蜜韵)** — uphawu oluwukhiye oluyingqayizivele lokuphupha ngamalahle omuthi we-litchi.

* **Iphunga lokukhishwa:** Eliphakeme, eline-orchid ne-chestnut, elihlala njalo. Ukujula “koju”.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokunamanzi (鲜爽). Okuthambile (醇和, chúnhé) — naphezu kokuqukethwe irekhodi lama-polyphenol (38.0%), ukulungisa okuqinile ku-300°C kunciphisa ukubaba okucashile. Ubumnandi obubuyayo — buqhubekayo futhi bude, nobumnandi obupholile “kwezintaba eziphakeme” (高山韵清凉感, gāoshān yùn qīngliáng gǎn).

* **Umbala wokukhishwa:** Oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, okukhanyayo nokucacile (嫩绿明亮) — ezingeni eliphezulu; oluphuzi-luhlaza — kwezinye.

* **Insimbi yetiye:** Amahlumela aluhlaza okotshani, anamathe, aqinile (嫩绿肥壮), alinganayo (匀整明亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Isilimo somuthi onamaqabunga amakhulu, inhlabathi yegwadle, kanye “nebhande lamafu” zakha iphrofayeli enamandla:

* **Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin):** **38.0%** — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza laseChina. Ukusebenza kokungathathi hlangothi kwama-radical akhululekile kungaphezulu ngo-30% kunetiye eliluhlaza elivamile.

* **Ama-catechin (isamba):** **22.6%** — acindezela umsebenzi wama-enzyme okuhlanganisa amafutha; ngokusho kocwaningo, ukusebenza kokunciphisa i-lipid kuphakeme kakhulu kunakwetiye elibomvu.

* **Ama-amino acid:** 1.6% — ngaphansi kwesilinganiso (umphumela wesilimo esinamaqabunga amakhulu kanye nenala yelanga). Kodwa ukulungisa okuqinile ku-300°C kuyakunxephezela, kuthambise ukubaba.

* **I-caffeine:** 3.9%.

* **I-fluorine:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — kwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo “lwe-fluorapatite” (氟磷灰石, fú línhuī shí) oqweqweni lwamazinyo, kwandisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi ngo-40%.

* **I-selenium:** 0.018–0.066 mg/kg — ukunothiswa ngokwemvelo okuvela enhlabathini yegwadle.

* **Amavithamini:** I-Vitamin C, ama-carotenoid.

**8. Izinzolo Ezinempilo:**

* **Umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant:** Ama-polyphenol angu-38.0% — ukusebenza okungaphezulu ngo-30% kunetiye eliluhlaza elivamile.
* **Ukuvikela amazinyo (护齿防龋):** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluorine — ukumelana kukamina ne-asidi kukhuphuka ngo-40%.
* **Ukulawula iphrofayeli ye-lipid (降脂护心):** Ama-catechin angu-22.6% acindezela ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha — kusebenza kangcono kunetiye elibomvu.
* **Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane:** Ama-polyphenol angamarekhodi ajiyisa amaprotheni amagciwane, ukusebenza okungaphezulu ngo-30% kunokuvamile.
* **Umthelela wokuqinisa:** I-caffeine engu-3.9%.

* **Kubalulekile:** akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85°C; ezingeni eliphezulu — 75°C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml (1:50).
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba.
* **Inqubo:** Hlanza → ukuchithwa kokuqala imizuzwana engu-30 → + imizuzwana engu-10. Ukuphisa oku-3–4.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* Ngokungenamo umoya, esiqandisini ku-0–5°C. Isikhathi — izinyanga eziyi-12. Ngemva kokuvulwa — izinyanga ezi-3.

**11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:**

Amazinga amathathu: Tèjí, Yījí, Èrjí. Uphawu lwezindawo luhlobene negama elithi «沿溪山白毛尖» (Yánxīshān Báimáojiān); kurejista yabasebenzisi bophawu ye-CNIPA ngo-September 2026 ngaphansi kwalo kubhalwe ibhizinisi elilodwa — 乐昌市沿溪山茶场有限公司. Umbhalo othi «乐昌白毛茶» ngokwawo awusho lutho ngokuvikelwa. Hlola ubuningi boboya kanye “nephunga loju”; hlola iphunga elisele (>amaminithi angu-30).

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* ULù Yǔ **wazivakashela mathupha** eLèchāng washiya umbhalo othi “枢室” edwaleni — ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuvakasha “komhlakaniphi wetiye”, okungenye okumbalwa emhlabeni.

* Ama-polyphenol **38.0%** — irekhodi phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Ukuqhathanisa: amaningi — 20–30%.

* Ukomiswa ngamalahle **omuthi we-litchi (荔枝木炭焙)** — ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obungatholakali kwenye indawo. Umuthi we-litchi unikeza “iphunga loju” elingakwazi ukuphindwa ngokomiswa kagesi noma ngokomiswa ngezinye izinhlobo zezinkuni.

* Isisindo samahlumela ayi-100 — **130 g** — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezilimo: amahlumela “asinamandla”, anamathe, agcwele.

* Isilimo sihlonishwe njengohlobo oluyisibonelo sikazwelonke (GS13015-1985) — isimo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ekukhethweni kwetiye e-PRC.

* Ukumbozwa kwehlathi endaweni eyinhloko — **90%** — cishe irekhodi eliphelele.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-Guandong noluhlaza lwamaqabunga amakhulu:**

* **Yīndé Lǜ Chá ([英德绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yingde-lucha)):** Isakhamuzi saseGuangdong. Naso sivela esilimweni esinamaqabunga amakhulu. I-Yīndé — ivela kwesethulwe eYunnan; iLèchāng — ivela kowomdabu wendawo. I-Yīndé — “ithambile” kakhulu (ama-polyphenol 25–30%); iLèchāng — “inamandla” kakhulu (38.0%).

* **Diānlǜ (滇绿, oluhlaza lwaseYunnan):** Nawo anamaqabunga amakhulu. IDiānlǜ — “iluhlaza” kakhulu; iLèchāng — “icutshungulwe” kakhulu ngenxa yokulungisa ngo-300°C nokomiswa ngamalahle e-litchi.

* **Huìmíngchá ([惠明茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huimingcha)):** Evela eZhèjiāng. Nayo inoboya obuningi. I-Huìmíngchá — inamaqabunga amancane, anamahlumela amhlophe wobisi; iLèchāng — inamaqabunga amakhulu, inoboya obusiliva “nephunga loju”.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Lèchāng Bái Máochá — itiye uLù Yǔ aza ukuze alinambithe mathupha. Ama-polyphenol amarekhodi (38.0%), ukomiswa okuyingqayizivele ngamalahle omuthi we-litchi, amahlumela anamathe anoboya obusiliva obuningi kanye “nephunga loju” okungenakuphindwa ngenye indlela, konke lokhu kwenza “i-Bái Máochá” yaseLèchāng ibe ngelinye lamatiye aluhlaza angajwayelekile kakhulu eningizimu yeChina. Akulona uLóng Jǐng ocebile, futhi akulona iBìluóchūn emnene — itiye elinamandla, elijulile, elinamaminerali, elinesimo sesilimo somuthi esinamaqabunga amakhulu, eliqiniswe ukulungiswa okungu-300°C futhi “linikezwe” iphunga elimnandi le-litchi. Leli itiye labo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza elinomzimba, amandla, nomlando obhalwe ngesandla sikaLù Yǔ.