---
title: "Lǎoyīng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/laoying-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Lǎoyīng chá (老鹰茶)

**ILaoin Cha** (*Lǎoyīng chá*, 老鹰茶) — «itiye lokhozi oludala», uketshezi oluphuma emiqulwini nasemaqabungeni amancane esihlahla 毛豹皮樟 (*Litsea coreana* var. *lanuginosa*) somndeni we-laurel. Isihlahla setiye *Camellia sinensis* asibandakanyeki lapha, futhi eChina lesi siphuzo sibizwa ngokuthi «itiye elingelona itiye» (非茶之茶). Basiphuza ezintabeni zaseSichuan naseChongqing, kodwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo igama livikelwe isifunda saseShimian (石棉县) esifundazweni saseSichuan — kusukela ngo-2012; izidingo zamanje zomkhiqizo zagunyazwa ngo-August 2026. Uphawu oluphambili — iphunga eliminyene le-camphor (樟香浓郁).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani futhi akulona nelilodwa ezigabeni eziyisithupha zetiye laseChina. Imithombo ethandwayo ilibeka phakathi kwezindawo ezithathelwa itiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*).
* **Isigaba:** Uketshezi olungaveli esitshalweni setiye; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (kusukela ngo-2012, izidingo zango-2026).
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), umasipala wedolobha iYa'an (雅安, *Yǎ'ān*), isifunda saseShimian (石棉, *Shímián*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesimemezelo sango-2026 — izigodi namalokishi ayisithupha esifunda saseShimian ngemingcele yawo yamanje: iMeiluo (美罗乡), iFengle (丰乐乡), iWajiao (挖角乡), iCaoke (草科乡), iLiziping (栗子坪乡) kanye neXinmian (新棉镇). Umbhalo awuzinikezi izixhumanisi zendawo.
* **Amanye amagama:** Esifundeni saseWulong (武隆区) eChongqing — «itiye lesihlahla esikhulu» ([大树茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/da-shu-cha)) kanye ne-老荫茶. Ngokwe-Baidu encyclopedia, ngenxa yengxenye engaphansi yeqabunga emhlophe, ibizwa nangokuthi «itiye elimhlophe» (白茶) — lokhu akuhlangene nesigaba se-baicha.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Endulo, ngokwemibhalo yendawo.** Isizindalwazi sesifunda saseWulong sibhekisela isiphuzo enkathini yeNtwasahlobo neNkwindla kanye neMibuso Elwayo, sibiza itiye lentela laseTang futhi sihumusha i-laoin cha ngetiye eliqinile laseSong (粗茶), elalihwebelana ngamahhashi. Azikho izinkomba zemibhalo — lokhu kuyinsumansumane yendawo kanye nencazelo yesizindalwazi.
    * **«I-Bencao Gangmu».** Ngokwe-Wikipedia yesiShayina, igama elithi 老鹰茶 livele kuleli phepha; iphepha ngokwalo alizange liqinisekiswe.
    * **Imibhalo yomlando.** Isizindalwazi sesifunda saseWulong sicaphuna i-Republican «County Chronicle of Hanyuan» (汉源县志): kulesi sifunda leli tiye litholakala kuphela e-Huangnibao (黄泥保), kanye nase-顺河八谷山, lapho «ukunambitheka kuqine kakhulu». Ngokwencazelo yesizindalwazi, indawo yesibili — izigodi zamanje zaseMeiluo naseFengle esifundeni saseShimian, okungukuthi umhlaba wendawo evikelwe yamanje. Kuyo futhi kucashunwe i-«County Chronicle of Qingxi» (清溪县志) yango-1799 — ngokuhweba ngetiye namahhashi.
    * **1935.** Emnyuziyamu wesikhumbuzo sokuwela umfula iDadu e-Anshunchang esifundeni saseShimian kuboniswa iketela lethusi, lapho, ngokombukiso, amasosha e-Red Army abilisa i-laoin cha.
    * **2012.** Ngokohlu lwango-2026, igama lalivikelwe njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kakade ngesimemezelo sango-2012 No. 111 se-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine; umbhalo walowo mqulu awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **2019.** Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-laoin cha besifunda saseWulong (武隆老鹰茶传统制作技艺) bufakwe ohlwini lwesithupha lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha laseChongqing; bugcinwe ngokuphelele kakhulu yisigodi saseHaokou. Ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda saseYouxijian, ubuchwepheshe baso nabo bafakwe ohlwini lwamagugu aseChongqing.
    * **2026.** Isimemezelo No. 687 se-State Intellectual Property Office (esayinwe ngo-3 August, sashicilelwa ngo-12 August) sagunyaza izidingo ezintsha zomkhiqizo esikhundleni sezidingo zango-2012 — indawo 39 kwezingama-58. Umfakisicelo — uhulumeni wesifunda saseShimian.
* **Igama:** Izincazelo zomdabu: izihlahla zikhula lapho kufinyelela khona ukhozi kuphela — kubantu baseGelao lena inyoni yetotem (isifunda saseWulong); imbewu ihluma kuphela uma isidlule esiswini sokhozi (isifunda saseYouxijian); igama kuthiwa laphambuka egameni elifana nomsindo elithi 捞阴茶 — «elikhishwe emanzini futhi lomiswa emthunzini».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Kunezindawo ezahlukene ezifuna i-laoin cha: iShimian iphethe igama elivikelwe, isifunda saseWulong sibiza izintaba zaseDaloushan njengendawo yokuzalwa kwesiphuzo, isifunda saseYouxijian sizibiza ngokuthi yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke se-laoin cha yasendle eningizimu-ntshona.

**3. Incazelo Yebhotani kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Isitshalo:** Ngokombhalo ovikelwe — 毛豹皮樟 womndeni we-laurel (樟科), *Litsea coreana* Lévl. var. *lanuginosa* (Migo) Yang et P.H.Huang. I-Wikipedia yesiShayina ithi lesi sihlahla sikhula ikakhulukazi phezulu ezintabeni zaseSichuan; i-athikili kuphephabhuku i-«Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology» (2013) ithi indawo ebanzi — iSichuan, iGuizhou kanye ne-Anhui.
* **Isimo:** Ngokwe-Baidu encyclopedia — isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esinamaqabunga aminyene e-elliptical, phezulu eluhlaza, phansi emhlophe. Umbhali othandwayo uhumusha igama lesitshalo kanje: «mao» (毛) — uboya beqabunga, «baopi» (豹皮, «isikhumba sengwe») — amagxolo anamabala, «zhang» (樟) — iphunga le-camphor.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** Ngokwezidingo — izihlahla zasendle nezitshaliwe.
* **Izinga lokuqoqa:** Kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-June — kusukela eqhumeni elilodwa kuya eqhumeni elinamaqabunga amathathu. Akuvunyelwe ukuqoqa iqabunga emvuleni nasekuseni ngamazolo, iqabunga elinsomi kanye neqabunga elilinyazwe izinambuzane.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** **1500–3000 m** — ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo. E-Youxijian yaseChongqing, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, izihlahla zikhula ngaphezu kuka-600 m, futhi «inkosi yezihlahla zokhozi» ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezidingo — i-pH 5.0–7.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-2.0 %.
* **Isifunda:** Ngokwezincazelo ezithandwayo — isifunda esinezintaba emfuleni iDadu ophakathi, emngceleni ne-Liangshan Yi kanye ne-Garzê Tibetan autonomous prefectures, esinamahlathi aminyene, izihosha kanye nenkungu. Azikho izibalo zesimo sezulu emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo ovikelwe:

1.  **Ukuhlukanisa iqabunga elisha (分选, *fēnxuǎn*).**
2.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Ungqimba luka-3–5 cm, amahora angu-4–8, ngokungenisa umoya; iqabunga livikelwa ekulimaleni kwemishini kanye nasekubeni bomvu lapho lishisa.
3.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** 120–150 °C, imizuzu engu-1–2, kuze kube umswakama ongu-55–65 %.
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Noma ngaphandle kokusonga — umbhalo uvumela zombili izindlela.
5.  **Ukomisa (烘干, *hōnggān*):** 110–130 °C, imizuzu engu-40–50, umswakama womkhiqizo ophelile ungaphansi kuka-8 %.
6.  **Ukukhetha nokupakisha (精选、包装).**

I-Baidu encyclopedia ichaza nendlela yomdabu — amagatsha anamaqabunga amane nje omiswa elangeni.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Incazelo — ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo ovikelwe; umkhiqizo uba yitye leqhuma (芽茶) kanye netye lamaqabunga (叶茶).

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Itye leqhuma — amaqhuma aphelele anoboya, ansundu-bomvu, ayindilinga, amakhulu futhi aminyene, «njengamahlumela e-bamboo e-jade». Itye lamaqabunga (kusukela eqhumeni elineqabunga kuya eqhumeni elinamaqabunga amathathu) — ansundu-bomvu, alinganayo.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ezidingweni alichazwanga; imithombo ethandwayo ibiza iphunga nge-camphor, ngezinye izikhathi «iphunga le-orchid ne-musk» (兰麝之香).
* **Iphunga loketshezi:** Ezidingweni iphunga lifakwe kufomula yokunambitheka: i-camphor egcwele (樟香浓郁).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kuthambile, kuyaqabula, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味醇和爽口、回甜). I-Baidu encyclopedia: kuqala kubabayo, bese kuba mnandi, kuqinile.
* **Umbala woketshezi:** Kwetye leqhuma — ophuzi futhi okhanyayo, kwetye lamaqabunga — ophuzi-luhlaza. Eminye imithombo ibhala ngoketshezi olunombala we-amber, osagolide kanye nophuzi olukhanyayo; ezintweni ezigugile, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda saseWulong, umbala uba bomvu-wewayini.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zomkhiqizo: umswakama ongekho ngaphezu kuka-8.0 %; izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini kwetye leqhuma azingekho ngaphansi kuka-30 %, kwetye lamaqabunga azingekho ngaphansi kuka-25 %. Isifunda saseYouxijian sibhala ngama-amino acid angu-17, kuhlanganise neyisishiyagalombili ebalulekile, kanye nokungabikho kwe-caffeine; okuqukethwe yi-flavonoid emibhalweni yayo yeminyaka ehlukene kuyahluka — 25.6 % komunye kanye no-1.65 % komunye. Isizindalwazi sesifunda saseWulong, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibhala ngenani elithile le-alkaloid (茶碱). Awekho amaphrothokholi okuhlaziya emithonjeni.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walo mkhiqizo ngqo. Emphakathini uketshezi luphuzwa ehlobo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma; izithembiso zokwelapha zezizindalwazi aziphindwanga lapha.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Azikho izindlela ze-Laoin Cha emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi kunezindlela ezijwayelekile zoketshezi lwamakhambi oluvela eqabungeni elikhulu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–100 °C.
* **Inani:** 2–3 g ku-150–200 ml; ngokwe-Baidu encyclopedia, iqabunga kufanele libe lincane, kodwa uketshezi luphuma oluningi.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyayo, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:** Uketshezi lokuqala — imizuzu engu-2–3, bese kuba uketshezi oluningana ngokwandisa isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga angaphandle. Ngokwezincazelo zendawo, uketshezi oluphekiwe ehlobo aluboli ebusuku.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Awekho amanani okuthengisa kanye nemininingwane yokukhiqiza endaweni evikelwe emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Igama elivikelwe lisebenza kuphela ezigodini nasemalokishini ayisithupha aseShimian; funa uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. I-laoin cha yaseChongqing — isiphuzo esifanayo semvelaphi ehlukile.
    * Iqabunga elomile elinsundu-bomvu noma amaqhuma anoboya, uketshezi oluphuzi noma oluphuzi-luhlaza, iphunga le-camphor elicacile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Umbhalo ovikelwe uvumela ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ngokusonga noma ngaphandle kokusonga.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Nokunye Uketshezi Olungaveli Esihlahleni Setiye:**

* **I-Pingle Shiya Cha ([平乐石崖茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/pingle-shiya-cha)):** Uketshezi lwaseGuangxi oluvela eqabungeni lesihlahla sohlobo lwe-*Adinandra*, oluthosiwe kathathu futhi lusongwe; uketshezi oluphuzi-luhlaza futhi olumnandi.
* **I-Yongshun Meicha ([永顺莓茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongshun-meicha)):** Uketshezi lwaseHunan oluvela emvinini womndeni wamagilebhisi, onenhlamvu esiliva eqabungeni.
* **I-Kuding ([苦丁茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/kuding-cha)):** Uketshezi olubabayo oluvela emaqabungeni e-holly noma e-privet; i-laoin cha inokubuya okumnandi kanye ne-camphor.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Laoin Cha — isiphuzo sezintaba zaseningizimu-ntshona yeChina esivela eqabungeni lesihlahla se-laurel esinamagxolo anamabala. Igama elivikelwe ngelesifunda saseShimian emfuleni iDadu, lapho lenziwa ngohlelo olufushane — ukubuna, ukulungisa, ukomisa — futhi lihlonishwa ngeqabunga elinsundu-bomvu kanye nephunga le-camphor eliminyene. Leli «yitiye» ngomqondo womdabu wegama, futhi akufanele lilinganiswe ngezilinganiso zetiye.